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Biomedical subjects

C O'Boyle

Publications and source records attributed to C O'Boyle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A comparison of the mental status, personality profiles and life events of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease.

Forty patients with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 32 patients with peptic ulcer disease underwent a full psychiatric assessment. All were rated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, the Life Experiences Survey and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The 2 groups were not distinguishable on total GSRS scores or rates of DSM-III diagnosed mental disorder. However, greater trait scores for neuroticism and introversion were found in the IBS group, together with a greater reporting of life events perceived as negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Trait anxiety and coping style as predictors of pre-operative anxiety.

A situationally specific measure of trait anxiety based on the Endler model was a better predictor of pre-operative state anxiety than the STAI trait anxiety scale in 54 patients undergoing colonoscopy. Lower self-reported pre-operative anxiety was found for (a) repressors, who report low trait anxiety and high defensiveness on the Marlowe-Crown scale, than for (b) truly low anxious patients, who report low trait anxiety and low defensiveness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Repressive coping style and anxiety in stressful dental surgery.

Elevated state-anxiety prior to oral surgery is common and is associated with increased post-operative pain. This paper presents a psychological model of predicting elevated anxiety prior to dental surgery. Elevated anxiety and intraoperative stress can be predicted by measuring trait-anxiety. However, prediction may be improved by using a situationally specific measure of trait-anxiety, and by taking the patient's coping style into account. Thirty-nine patients undergoing wisdom-tooth extraction took part in the study. The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was a better predictor of pre-operative anxiety than the STAI trait-anxiety scale. Coping style was measured by means of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale in conjunction with scores on trait-anxiety to define three coping style groups: sensitizers (high-anxious), truly low-anxious, and repressors who verbally deny anxiety. Two oral surgeons rated patient intra-operative state on 100 mm visual analogue scales. These ratings indicate that 'repressors' exhibit significantly more stress responses than the truly low-anxious group, in spite of similar (low) trait-anxiety scores. It is concluded that a situationally specific measure of trait-anxiety is the most appropriate predictor of differential state-anxiety elevations prior to oral surgery. Repressive coping style may be a confounding factor, in terms of predicting elevated anxiety, since some people verbally deny being anxious but express it behaviourally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mood evaluation and outpatient anaesthesia. A comparison between propofol and thiopentone.

Mood state was evaluated in 40 unpremedicated patients who underwent minor gynaecological surgery, before and up to 4 hours after, anaesthesia induced with either propofol 2.5 mg/kg or thiopentone 5 mg/kg. Assessments were made by a self-report technique, the profile of mood states method. The results indicate that mood state was less affected postoperatively in patients induced with propofol than with thiopentone. The overall impression of the investigators was that propofol patients had a definite sense of well-being after anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Central effects in man of the novel schistosomicidal benzodiazepine meclonazepam.

The novel benzodiazepine derivative, meclonazepam (3-methylclonazepam) has been found to be orally effective at high doses against all stages of schistosomiasis. Animals studies have shown it to have a high therapeutic index and a profile of behavioural activity typical of the benzodiazepines. The effects of single oral doses of meclonazepam, 1, 2 and 4 mg on central arousal, psychomotor performance and subjective mood were studied in two double-blind placebo controlled studies in healthy volunteers. In doses exceeding 1 mg, meclonazepam caused marked dose-related impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functions as well as shifts in mood reflecting sedation and ataxia. These effects were most prominent in the first 3 h after administration, with moderate sedation still present 6 h after the 4 mg dose. The implications of these findings for the use of benzodiazepine agents in the treatment of schistosomiasis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Absence of central effects in man of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788.

The benzodiazepines are typified by a profile of side effects which includes drowsiness, ataxia and incoordination. Ro 15-1788, an imidazodiazepine derivative, exhibits marked antagonism of the behavioural and biochemical effects of the benzodiazepines in animals and man. It is devoid of any behavioural activity in animals, except at very high doses. In the present study the effects of single rising oral doses of Ro 15-1788 on cognitive, psychomotor and subjective function in man have been assessed using a battery of psychometric tests designed to identify the sedative action of the benzodiazepines. At all doses up to 600 mg, Ro 15-1788 demonstrated none of the classical behavioural effects of the benzodiazepines.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ro 15-1788 antagonizes the effects of diazepam in man without affecting its bioavailability.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled three-way cross over study, the efficacy of Ro 15-1788 200 mg, a new benzodiazepine antagonist, in blocking the amnesic, cognitive, psychomotor and subjective effects of diazepam 20 mg, was investigated in a group of six healthy male volunteers. The amnesic effects of diazepam were markedly attenuated by the combined administration of Ro 15-1788. The psychomotor and subjective effects of diazepam by mouth were most pronounced 2.5 h after administration. Concurrent oral administration of Ro 15-1788 completely prevented these effects at 2.5 h. Plasma diazepam concentrations observed after administration of the combination of diazepam and the antagonist did not differ from those observed following diazepam alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Does pseudomonas cross-infection occur between cystic-fibrosis patients.

Over a 12-months period respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from CF patients were typed by serology and pyocin production to determine whether cross-infection was occurring. Results of typing were interpreted in relation to the degree of contact patients had with each other. One strain appeared in 4 unrelated patients. However, since none of these patients had been in contact with each other the strains considered to have been acquired from the environment. Each of six pairs of siblings shared the same strain, but the pairs of strains were distinct from each other. These results suggest that the environment is the most important source of Pseudomonas strains for CF patients and that for cross-infection to occur prolonged intimate contact is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

RO 15-1788 antagonises the central effects of diazepam in man without altering diazepam bioavailability.

1 In a double-blind, placebo controlled study, the efficacy of Ro 15-1788, a new benzodiazepine antagonist, in blocking the cognitive, psychomotor and subjective effects of diazepam, was investigated in a group of six healthy male volunteers. 2 The central effects of orally administered diazepam (40 mg) were most pronounced 1 h after dosing and persisted for 9 h with decreasing severity. 3 Concurrent oral administration of Ro 15-1788 (200 mg) completely prevented the impairment in cognitive and psychomotor function observed after diazepam alone. 4 The duration of action of Ro 15-1788 was shorter than that of diazepam. 5 Plasma diazepam levels after administration of the diazepam/antagonist combination were very similar to those observed following diazepam alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The clinical pharmacology of vasodilator antihypertensive drugs.

Vasodilator antihypertensive agents are defined and classified according to their mechanism and site of action. The effects of minoxidil, in combination with propranolol and a diuretic, on renal blood flow and renal function were studied following acute and chronic therapy. Although renal blood flow is reduced after two weeks on minoxidil, renal blood flow and renal function are not compromised after one year. The haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic profile of acute dosing with tolmesoxide, a new vasodilator antihypertensive agent are described. Results suggest that the long-term efficacy and safety of this drug are worth studying.

Antihypertensive Agents↗