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Biomedical subjects

C O Everard

Publications and source records attributed to C O Everard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Thrombocytopenia in leptospirosis.

In a retrospective study undertaken to document the frequency of thrombocytopenia in cases of leptospirosis, 18 of 32 patients (56.3%) had a platelet count of 100 x 10(3)/mm3 or less. Renal failure occurred in 72.2% of thrombocytopenic patients and in 21.4% of patients with normal platelet counts. The association of thrombocytopenia and renal failure was significant (P less than 0.02). The common occurrence of thrombocytopenia and its association with acute renal failure in patients with leptospirosis has not previously been reported.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Rabies serum neutralizing antibody in mongooses from Grenada.

During a four-year study on Grenada, 4,754 mongooses were examined, of which 100 (2.1%) were rabid. Of 1,675 mongooses tested for rabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibody, 498 (30%) were positive. During these four years (1971-74) the antibody prevalence rate increased from 20.8% to 43.2%, whereas the number of rabid mongooses decreased from 3.5% to 0.6%. Naturally acquired antibody was monitored in 20 captive mongooses for up to 35 months, and it was still circulating in 18 when monitoring ceased. The highest titre recorded was 1:1,400, and the rate of fall was greatest in mongooses with high initial titres. High titres of naturally acquired antibody suggest recent rabies activity. 14 mongooses vaccinated parenterally with 1.0 ml of attenuated ERA vaccine showed substantial increases in antibody titres; most had titres greater than 1:1,000 one month later and maintained a high titre for several months. The highest recorded was 1:34,800. The virus titres of brain material from rabid mongooses ranged from 10(1.8) to 10(4.3) and, in some cases, were only slightly lower than those of salivary gland tissue (range, 10(1) to 10(5.6).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pathogenic leptospira isolates from the Caribbean Islands of Trinidad, Grenada and St. Vincent.

All known isolates of Leptospira interrogans obtained in Trinidad, Grenada and St. Vincent up to the end of 1979 are listed. There were 80 from Trinidad, 20 from Grenada and 2 from St. Vincent, representing at least 20 serotypes from 11 or more serogroups. Six of the serotypes were first reported from Trinidad. The leptospires were isolated from man, domestic animals and wildlife species.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Leptospirosis in patients from Grenada, West Indies.

Evidence of leptospirosis in humans from Grenada, W.I., is reported here for the first time. Of 139 hospital patients with pyrexia of undetermined origin, 94 were jaundiced, and 16 (17%) of these were positive for hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and not examined further. 20 of the remaining 123 (16%) febrile patients were positive for leptospiral antibodies; 11 of them were current or recent cases. 25 of 182 (14%) afebrile out-patients showed evidence of previous exposure to leptospiral organisms. The most frequently encountered serogroups in the 45 seropositive in- and out-patients were Icterohaemorrhagiae (38%), Panama (24%) and Canicola (11%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Salmonella in wildlife from Trinidad and Grenada, W.I.

Forty-four of 219 animals from Trinidad and Grenada, W.I., yielded 20 serotypes of Salmonella, 16 of which are known to have been associated with human infection in the United States in recent years. Toads (Bufo marinus) provided the greatest number of isolates. Other carriers were mammals, vultures, lizards, a tree-frog and a cave cockroach.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1979

Leptospirosis in dogs and cats on the Island of Trinidad: West Indies.

Confirming previous observations on dog populations in other parts of the world, notably Japan, the Philippine Islands, and some countries in South America, we found that a high percentage of dogs in Trinidad are infected with organisms from many serogroups of Leptospira. Serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae were most commonly found. Ten isolates obtained from 50 kidneys from stray dogs (20% infectivity rate) were typed as portland-vere (six) and canicola (two) of the Canicola serogroup, copenhageni of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup (one), and georgia in the Hebdomadis serogroup (one). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of a serotype in the Hebdomadis serogroup being isolated from a dog. A cat isolation was identified as canicola. Serological results showed that 55% or more of stray dogs had been exposed as opposed to only 12.5% of the cats examined. Serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Hebdomadis are found most frequently in dogs, cats, mongooses, and man in Trinidad.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Rabies virus and antibody in bats in Grenada and Trinidad.

Rabies virus was detected by fluorescent-antibody and mouse inoculation tests in the brain of one bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, collected at La Tante, Grenada on 19 June 1974. No rabies virus was found in the brains and/or salivary glands of 411 other Grenadian bats of 6 species tested, including 56 A. jamaicensis. Rabies neutralizing antibody was detected by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) in 27 of 353 Grenadian bats. Positives occurred in each of the 6 species sampled, with 40.5% prevalence in A. jamaicensis. In 11 of 86 Trinidadian bats of 4 species known to carry rabies, positive sera occurred only in A. jamaicensis (18.6%) and A. lituratus (18.1%). The potential use of the REFIT indetermining rabies activity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Leptospirosis in Trinidad and Grenada, with special reference to the mongoose.

In Trinidad, six Leptospira isolates were made from 957 febrile patients between 1968 amd 1972. In addition, CF antibodies were detected in 6-6% of febrile patients and human survey sera collected during this period. In 1972 alone, 10-4% (38/363) of sera examined had CF titres consistent with positive exposure to the disease. Grenada does not report leptospirosis, but the disease is common in mongooses in both Trinidad and Grenada. Serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Canicola are present in Grenada with 35-2% of mongooses examined being seropositive. Five Canicola strains of Leptospira were isolated from mongooses in Trinidad and serological studies showed that this was the most common serogroup from mongooses on the island. A total of 31 strains recorded from at least seven different serogroups and eight named serotypes have been isolated from humans, rats and mongooses in Trinidad. Human leptospirosis is probably more common in the Caribbean than the medical records indicate.

Animals↗