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Biomedical subjects

C O Callender

Publications and source records attributed to C O Callender.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

An assessment of the effectiveness of the Mottep model for increasing donation rates and preventing the need for transplantation--adult findings: program years 1998 and 1999.

The National Minority Organ Tissue Transplant Education Program (MOTTEP) evaluated the effects of a community-implemented health education program for adult members of minority population groups to affect attitude, knowledge, and intent to change behavior. In addition, this study represents 1 of the first major initiatives to formally address prevention as a strategy to contribute to reducing the need for organ/tissue transplantation among minorities in the United States. The study targeted students (youth) and adults representing different ethnic groups (African-Americans, Alaskan Natives, Filipinos, Latinos, and Native Americans) who attended health education presentations addressing organ tissue donation, transplantation, and illness prevention in 15 different cities in churches, schools, and other sites. A cross-sectional study that used questionnaires was designed for collecting data from all participants. This article presents data on the adult sample only. Preintervention and postintervention data were collected from 914 adult participants to determine any immediate effects of the intervention. By using data from matched sets of the preintervention and postintervention questionnaires for all adult participants, there were significant increases in (P < or =.000) trust in doctors, future plans to become organ donors, and in participants' spiritual/religious beliefs about organ/tissue donation. There was also a significant increase (P <.05) in participants' awareness of the perceived need for organ/tissue donation. African-American participants were significantly more likely (P < or =.000) to report trust in doctors, future plans to donate organs/tissue, and perceive the need for donation as a result of MOTTEP presentation. Caucasian participants showed a significant increase (P < or =.007) in trust in doctors, perceived need for organ donation (P < or =.05), and in shifting spiritual/religious beliefs about organ/tissue donation (P < or =.02). Attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and behavioral intentions about organ/tissue donation and illness prevention can be affected by culturally appropriate health education programs designed for targeted population groups. Sustained changes in behavioral intentions toward organ donation and illness prevention may require multiple educational interventions in different community settings to increase donation rates and improve behavioral health practices to prevent illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Correlates of support for organ donation among three ethnic groups.

Telephone interviews about organ donation were conducted with 4880 white respondents, 634 African-American respondents and 566 Hispanic respondents. Forty-three percent (42.9%) of whites, 31.2% of Hispanics and 22.6% of African-Americans reported that they were willing to donate their organs after their death (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed three significant correlates of willingness to donate across all ethnic groups: having had a family discussion about end-of-life issues; the belief that a doctor does all he or she can to save a life before pursuing donation; and concerns about surgical 'disfigurement' of a relative's body after donation. Concerns in relation to body disfigurement were more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic respondents (p < 0.001) than among white respondents. Public education should: a) stress the need for family communication about end-of-life issues including organ donation; b) underline the fact that donation is considered only after all efforts to save the life of the patient are exhausted; and c) reassure minorities that the body of the donor is treated respectfully and not disfigured.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The influence of race on approaching families for organ donation and their decision to donate.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether patients' race was associated with their families' being approached for organ donation and agreeing to donation. METHODS: Logistic regression models were applied to data collected from records at 112 hospitals. RESULTS: The odds that a family of a White patient was approached for donation were nearly twice those for a family of an African American. The odds of donation also differed by race, but the magnitude varied by patient and hospital characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Much attention directed toward racial disparity in donation has focused on attitudes of the public. The behavior of hospital staff also may be related to differences in rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

New profile of cadaveric donors: what are the kidney donor limits?

The need for donor organs is increasing more rapidly than the number of organs available from present resources using today's techniques. While efforts to improve consent rates through education and various incentives should continue, and while recovery and utilization of kidneys from donors at the extremes of age can further improve, we believe that the greatest potential for future expansion of the donor resource lies in the non-heart-beating donor. The combination of effective in situ preservation and ex vivo pulsatile preservation allows donation to occur from uncontrolled asystolic donors and provides a mechanism for both evaluation and resuscitation of the recovered kidneys. This approach, if fully utilized, can double the number of kidneys available for transplantation.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1996

Immediate function and cost comparison between static and pulsatile preservation in kidney recipients.

During a 1-yr period between September 1993 and September 1994, 74 patients received cadaveric kidney transplants at our institution. Thirty nine (39) kidneys were cold stored (CS), while 35 received pulsatile preservation (PP) on the Water's Mox system using U.W. Machine Preservation Solution. A perfusionist maintained pressure, flows, pH, and osmolality, within accepted ranges. Vasodilators (Regitine, Stelazine, Verapamil) were routinely added to the machine preservation solution. Most kidneys on PP were from marginal donors, or were imported and had associated long ice storage times. The CS kidneys, however, were from "ideal donors" where immediate function (IF) was expected. The kidneys were transplanted using a common protocol by a variety of surgeons. PP was associated with higher IF rates, shorter hospital stay and decreased overall costs. The function of those kidneys was also compared with the mate kidneys, obtained through a telephone survey of the various transplant centers throughout the country. PP was again associated with higher immediate function rates.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1996

A new approach for increasing the organ supply.

The donation of organs and tissues for the benefit of another person is an altruistic act and one that is a guaranteed option for the next-of-kin through various national Required Request legislations. At the Washington Hospital Center we have developed an approach that permits organ recovery from non-heart beating donors. The focus is on victims of fatal trauma and assures that each family is empowered with the right to make a donation decision. In October 1993 a consensus conference was held on implementing a program to recover organs from fatal trauma victims. The participants recommended that safeguards be incorporated to assure ethical treatment of both the trauma victim and the next-of-kin. An Office of Decedent Affairs (ODA) was then established and implemented in September 1994. The ODA is staffed by Family Advocates who are on duty continuously and respond to all trauma and death events. Their mission is to consolidate all death events, provide support to decedent families, assure that required request mandates are fulfilled, interact with the local Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) in the consent process, and facilitate the implementation of the Rapid Organ Recovery Program (RORP). The RORP consists of two specific procedures: cannulation of the femoral arterial-venous system for flushing the kidneys with a preservative solution, and intubation of the peritoneum for in situ cooling using an ice/lavage process. In the 1-yr period since the ODA was established, organ and tissue donation has increased by more than 300%.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1995

The Howard University Hospital Transplant and Dialysis Support Group: twenty years and going strong.

This article discusses group therapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of the various psychological and physical rehabilitation concerns posed by kidney and liver transplant candidates and recipients at Howard University Hospital in Washington, DC. The group's history, format, intervention foci, and roles of clinicians and patients attending the group are described and evaluated. Given the relative paucity of research literature in this area, the authors offer recommendations for empirical evaluation of the benefits of multidisciplinary group psychotherapy in ameliorating physical and emotional suffering and prolonging life among transplant patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Lupus pancreatitis.

Among the many systemic manifestations of lupus is pancreatitis. It may be a part of the multiorgan lupus involvement or it may result as a complication of steroid therapy used in its management. A case of lupus pancreatitis following renal transplantation is presented. The difficulty in differentiating the diagnosis of lupus pancreatitis is illustrated. Emphasis is placed on rapid diagnosis to help decrease the high mortality associated with this disease process.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A national minority organ/tissue transplant education program: the first step in the evolution of a national minority strategy and minority transplant equity in the USA.

1. These successful education programs initially aimed at the AA community are being expanded into other minority groups such as Native American (Alaskan and American Indian), Hispanic (Latino), and Asian-Pacific Islander populations; and if the same modus operandus, ie, a minority-targeted message delivered by ethnically and culturally similar and sensitive messengers is used, this will have equal applicability to the majority population. MOTTEP, the first grass roots national transplant education program, while directed first to the minority population, can when presented to the majority population help all groups address the number one problem in transplantation today--the shortage of donors. 2. Active inclusion and involvement of minorities at all levels of problem resolution (resource allocation, research, and education), emphasizing community participation, education, and empowerment are the important next steps to allow for minority transplant equity in America. 3. The emergence of ASMHTP as the responsible brain trust for future minority-related efforts along with MOTTEP, a community based, empowering transplant education program, highlights the importance of a national strategy necessary for the survival of minority communities. This will enhance the interaction between minority transplant health professionals and the minority community and requires minority inclusion at all decision making levels of problem resolution within the transplant community.

Black or African American↗