Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Nikolov.
This year reviews on the addictions emphasizes five aspects, on a bio-psycho-social perspective: (1) The relationship between methadone and cardiotoxicity. (2) The introduction of Eye Movement Desensibilization and Reprocessing (EMDR). (3) The apparition of a possible specific pharmacotherapy for excessive gambling. (4) A better knowledge of the relationship between cannabis and psychoses. (5) Resistance to treatment in the doctor-patient relationship.
Data are presented for percentage of recovery, survival time (T1/2) and mode of sequestration of erythrocytes from ACD [disodium citrate 95 mmol/l and glucose (C6H12O6 X H2O)] 152 mmol/l or ACD--adenine or adenine + guanosine (pH ranging from 5.0 to 5.6) preserved blood for 35 days at 4-8 degrees C (277-281 K). With the availability of guanosine in 0.25 mmol/l or 0.5 mmol/l final concentration in ACD + 0.25 or 0.5 mmol/l adenine preserved blood a positive effect can be exerted on erythrocyte 24 hrs recovery and survival time (T1/2). This effect is particularly evident when pH of the preservative solution is raised to 5.6. Final concentrations of 0.25 mmol/l adenine and guanosine in ACD preserved blood (whole or packed erythrocytes, pH 5.6, Hct. 0.73 or 0.61) are sufficient to ensure 35 days of storage at 4-8 degrees C (277-281 K).
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Platelet concentrates amounting to 142 X 10(9) +/- 11 X 10(9) cells are prepared by cytopheresis from one liter of blood. Ten of the concentrates are labelled with 51Cr and reinfused autologously. The other ten concentrates are frozen with a controlled rate freezer in a medium containing 10% DMSO and 5% glucose for 7 days at -196 degrees C. The fresh platelets have a 51Cr 24 hrs. recovery of 68 +/- 7% and a survival rate (T 1/2) of 10 +/- 1 days. The frozen preserved platelets have a 51Cr 24 hrs. recovery of 54 +/- 6.1%, a T 1/2 of 8.1 days, and significantly increased liver sequestration. There is a correlation between the reversal reaction in vitro after hypotonic shock and the 51Cr 24 hrs. in vivo recovery of fresh platelets and the 51Cr 1st hr. recovery of frozen platelets.
By using the method of phagocytosis of erythrocytes treated with formaldehyde against human test sera, an indirect conclusion on the quantity of IgG antibodies in the used sera could be made. Combined tests of 0, A1 and B blood group with erythrocytes treated with formaldehyde against test sera 0 (alpha + beta), A (beta) and B (alpha) and AB (0) sera from non-immunized and immunized with anatoxin from staphylococcus aureus donors were made. The strongest phagocytosis was observed when A1 and B erythrocytes with 0 (alpha + beta) sera and A1 erythrocytes with AB (0) sera from immunized with anatoxin donors were combined. A weaker phagocytosis took place when erythrocytes non-compatible with the AB0-system A1 and B were combined with the B (alpha) and A (beta) test sera, and the weakest--when erythrocytes compatible with the AB0 test sera diluted with an equal volume of saline and heated at 70 degree C for 10 minutes.
A method has been described for removing leukocytes and thrombocytes from preserved ACD blood and from packed red cells of the same type of blood. A system has been used comprising two connected plastic bags model "Fenval". The leukocyte and thrombocyte removal is performed by two consecutive procedures, each comprising centrifugation with subsequent fast sedimentation of erythrocytes. No filters are needed. 97.3 +/- 3.04% leukocyte removal and 96.90 +/- 5.96% thrombocyte removal as regards the preserved blood and 95.65 +/- 8.70% leukocyte removal and 98.44 +/- 0.70% thrombocyte removal as regards the packed red cells have been achieved.
Formol treated red blood cells have been established to be phagocytized by human leukocytes in the presence of compatible AB0 standard test sera in case such red blood cells are stored continuously in water or in case they are incubated in saliva in advance for one hour at least at 37 degrees C. If formol treated red blood cells are continuously stored in 0.9% NaCl solution or if they are lyophilized in addition they will not be engulfed by human leukocytes in presence of compatible standard test sera of the AB0 system. The additional treatment with papain of formol treated red blood cells will cause a moderate phagocytosis.
The authors tested preserving properties of three concentrations of dimethylsulphoxide (15%, 10% and 7.5%) in preservation of rat bone marrow cells at -150 degrees C. Cells of rat bone marrow were frozen at 1 degree C/min to -20 degrees C, 5 degrees C/min to -80 degrees C and then placed directly at -150 degrees C and held at such temperature for 6 months. Vitality of cells was checked monthly for a period of 6 months by means of several vitality tests with dyes (eosin and trypane blue), autoradiography and erythrophagocytosis. It was found that cells capable of cleavage could be equally preserved at such low temperature with all the three DMSO concentrations while mature cells (granulocytes, reticular cells) revealed considerably higher erythrophagocytic activity when preserved at 15% DMSO and lower activity at 10% and 7.5% DMSO.
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