Office visits to dermatologists: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 1989-90.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
C Nelson
Publications and source records attributed to C Nelson.
Toxic effects of diltiazem in a patient with chronic renal failure.
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Acidosis↗
Plasmodium ovale: observations on the parasite development in Saimiri monkey hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro in contrast with its inability to induce parasitemia.
Exoerythrocytic stage parasites of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale were cultured in vitro by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys with sporozoites. Morphology and size of the liver stages were similar to previous in vivo descriptions in humans and chimpanzees. Saimiri monkeys did not develop parasitemia after repeated inoculations with P. ovale sporozoites. However, liver-stage parasites were observed in liver biopsies performed 7 days after sporozoite inoculation. Together with observations on other parasite development, these results demonstrate that host specificity for many malaria parasites occurs at the blood-stage level. Lack of host specificity of primary malaria parasite species for the liver forms the basis for the close relationship existing between human and nonhuman primate malaria species.
Animals↗
The relationship between treatment goals and recidivism among child molesters.
Preliminary findings from a longitudinal outcome study of sex offender treatment are presented. Ss included 76 child molesters who were treated in a comprehensive relapse prevention program, and 79 molesters who were randomly assigned to a control (no treatment) condition. Three sets of findings are reported: survival analyses of time to reoffense; in-treatment change data relevant to the program's treatment goals; and the relationships between treatment measures and risk of reoffense. Over an average followup period of 38 months, there was a trend for treatment Ss to be at lower risk for both sex and violent crimes than were controls. Treatment Ss showed significant progress towards treatment goals of increased acceptance of personal responsibility for their crimes and decreased levels of deviant sexual arousal. Measures of personal responsibility, however, were not related to risk of rearrest for new sex crimes. Treatment Ss with high levels of both deviant and nondeviant sexual arousal were more likely to commit new sex offenses, but not other violent offenses. The strongest predictor in the study was a measure of the Ss' skills in applying the relapse prevention model, with highly skilled Ss being less likely to commit new sex crimes.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Purification of E. coli-synthesized Pan proteins and development of a Pan-specific monoclonal antibody.
The helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, Pan-1 (E47) and Pan-2 (E12), are produced by the mechanism of alternative transcript splicing. Pan-1 and Pan-2 were expressed in Escherichia coli, and a purification scheme was developed. Purified Pan-2 was used to immunize Smith-Webster mice and a hybridoma was generated that produced a monoclonal antibody (Yae) that specifically recognized both native and denatured Pan-1 and Pan-2. Deletion mapping and sequence transfer studies have localized the determinant recognized by the Yae antibody to the region 195-208 of Pan-2. This region is conserved in Pan-1 and Pan-2. The Yae antibody recognized in vitro-synthesized ITF-1, a third E2A (Pan) gene product also produced by the mechanism of alternative RNA splicing, but did not recognize the related HLH proteins, ITF-2, REB alpha, or REB beta. By Western blot assay of pancreatic acinar cells, the Yae antibody detected a single protein species of 72 kD that comigrated with in vitro-synthesized Pan-1 and Pan-2.
Animals↗
Obstetric postanesthesia nursing: a staff education program.
The same standards of nursing care must be provided to all postanesthesia patients, whether these are general surgical patients or those who have received regional or general anesthesia associated with vaginal or cesarean birth. Because obstetric nursing personnel have not had the benefit of didactic and skills training in the area of postanesthesia nursing, additional training is mandated. The article describes a staff education program designed as an educational framework to enhance the knowledge base and assessment skills of obstetric nurses providing postanesthesia care.
Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
Pan/E2A expression precedes immunoglobulin heavy-chain expression during B lymphopoiesis in nontransformed cells, and Pan/E2A proteins are not detected in myeloid cells.
A newly developed rat long-term bone marrow culture system was used to study the role of Pan/E2A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors during B-cell development. In this system, B-lymphocyte progenitors actively differentiate into mature B cells. Monoclonal (Yae) and polyclonal (anti-Pan) antibodies were employed to characterize the expression of Pan proteins by Western blot assay during hematopoiesis and to examine the components of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer element-binding species by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. During B-cell development, the appearance of Pan/E2A proteins preceded the expression of immunoglobulin heavy-chain protein. A Pan-containing immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer element (mu E5)-binding species (BCF1), composed of immunoreactive Pan-1/E47 but not Pan-2/E12, was observed concomitantly with the detection of Pan/E2A proteins. In addition to BCF1, other mu E5-binding species were detected which were not recognized by the Yae antibody. Two of these species were present in primary B-lymphocyte and myeloid cultures and were recognized by an anti-upstream stimulatory factor antiserum. Although Pan/E2A proteins have been proposed to be ubiquitous, Pan/E2A proteins were not detected in primary myeloid cultures composed mainly of granulocytes and macrophages or in the macrophage cell line J774. The absence of Pan/E2A proteins in differentiated myeloid cells correlated with low steady-state levels of Pan/E2A RNA. However, Pan/E2A proteins were present in a promyeloid cell line, 32DCL3, suggesting that extinction of Pan/E2A expression may play a role in myelopoiesis.
Adenovirus E2 Proteins↗
Effect of dobutamine on oxygen consumption and gastric mucosal pH in septic patients.
Decreases in gastric mucosal pH (pHi) are associated with splanchnic hypoxia in animals and with increased mortality in patients. In the present study we measured changes in gastric pHi with a tonometer in septic patients after a short-term infusion of dobutamine. These changes were compared with concurrent alterations in systemic O2 consumption (VO2) and arterial lactate. Twenty-one patients admitted sequentially to a medical intensive care unit with sepsis and gastric pHi < 7.32 were prospectively separated into a normal lactate group (< or = 2.2 mM; n = 10) and an elevated lactate group (> 2.2 mM; n = 11). Dobutamine HCl was infused intravenously at 5 micrograms/kg/min for approximately 3 h and then increased to 10 micrograms/kg/min. Measurements were obtained after each increase in the dose of dobutamine. Dobutamine infused at 10 micrograms/kg/min produced increases in O2 transport in both groups (p < 0.05) whereas systemic O2 consumption remained unchanged. These changes were accompanied by decreases in the arterial lactate concentration of the elevated lactate group (p < 0.01). Arterial lactate remained constant in the normal lactate group. Gastric pHi increased in both groups when dobutamine was infused at 5 micrograms/kg/min (p < 0.01), and then again at 10 micrograms/kg/min (p < 0.05). These results imply that regional tissue hypoxia, as characterized by a low gastric pHi, may be present in septic patients with normal arterial lactate concentration. Moreover, a rise in gastric pHi in response to increases in systemic O2 transport may be a better indicator of regional hypoxia in septic patients than related increases in systemic VO2.
Adult↗
Doing homework: perspectives of elementary and junior high school students.
A survey of homework experiences was administered to 1,527 elementary and junior high students in regular (n = 1,242), resource (n = 234), and self-contained special education (n = 51) classrooms. The results found significant main effects for Group, Grade, and Group by Grade interactions for items related to amount of, type of, and time spent doing homework; opportunity to do homework at school; parents' assistance; students' beliefs about homework assignments and grading; and students' feelings about homework and school. The higher incidence of negative feelings and opinions from students in resource room programs suggests that students' understanding of assignments, the nature of the assignments, and the feedback given to students are important issues requiring closer evaluation. The results also suggest that changes in homework assignments and grading may make the transition from elementary to junior high school particularly difficult for students with special needs.
Adolescent↗
Acute disruption of cytochrome oxidase activity in brain in a perinatal rat stroke model.
Cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in frozen brain sections provides an estimate of mitochondrial respiratory function and neuronal metabolic activity. We hypothesized that in a perinatal rodent stroke model acute selective disruption of cytochrome oxidase activity could identify neuronal populations susceptible to irreversible ischemic injury. In 7-d-old rats, focal ischemic injury was induced by right carotid ligation followed by 8% O2 exposure (2.75 h); this procedure elicits ipsilateral forebrain injury with prominent hippocampal lesions, often including dentate gyrus. Cytochrome oxidase activity was quantitated by densitometry in brain sections prepared from animals killed 1 h (n = 8), 24 h (n = 11), or 5 d (n = 3) posthypoxia. At 1 h posthypoxia, in six of eight there was diffuse ipsilateral suppression of cytochrome oxidase activity (p = 0.0001, two-way analysis of variance, compared with values in contralateral hemisphere), which was most marked in periventricular regions including dentate gyrus (-29%), medial habenula (-38%), and posterolateral thalamic nucleus (-42%). Nissl staining of adjacent sections was completely intact in four of eight, and four of eight had subtle focal reductions in staining. At 24 h and 5 d posthypoxia, heterogeneous suppression of cytochrome oxidase activity persisted in the lesioned hemisphere, with close anatomic correspondence between loss of cytochrome oxidase activity and loss of Nissl staining. Additional studies indicated that the threshold duration of 8% O2 exposure (after carotid ligation) for suppression of cytochrome oxidase activity was 1-2 h. Disruption of cytochrome oxidase activity represents one of the earliest detectable indicators of neuronal injury in this perinatal stroke model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of Variance↗
Patterns of Pan expression and role of Pan proteins in endocrine cell type-specific complex formation.
The Pan gene encodes at least two distinct transcripts, Pan-1 and Pan-2 (also known as E47 and E12, respectively), by the mechanism of alternative RNA splicing. Northern blot analyses performed on rat and mouse tissues have detected ubiquitously expressed Pan transcripts, but the abundance, distribution, and form of Pan proteins have not been clearly defined. Studies of cell lines representing endocrine, fibroblast, and lymphoid lineages using polyclonal antisera to detect E2A proteins have suggested that significant E2A protein expression is restricted to B-lymphocytes. We have developed a monoclonal antibody, Yae, which is specific for Pan/E2A proteins, and have used the Yae antibody to examine a variety of endocrine and nonendocrine cell lineages for differences in Pan/E2A protein expression, subcellular localization, and heteromeric complex formation. In contrast to previous results obtained using polyclonal antiseras to detect Pan/E2A proteins, we report comparable levels of Pan proteins in GH/PRL- and insulin-producing, B- and T-lymphocyte cells. IEF-1, a pancreatic beta-cell type-specific complex believed to regulate insulin expression, is demonstrated to consist of at least two distinct species, one of which does not contain Pan molecules. Although it has been postulated that pituitary endocrine cells and pancreatic endocrine beta-cells share identical Pan/E2A complexes, native-Western analyses of pituitary and endocrine beta-cells detect Pan proteins in distinct cell type-specific complexes.
Animals↗
The etiquette of transport.
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Emergencies↗
Metabolites of dietary (soya) isoflavones in human urine.
This study was undertaken to better understand the metabolic fate of dietary isoflavones in humans. Twelve volunteers were challenged with soya flour and urinary diphenol levels were then determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The presence of previously described urinary diphenols was confirmed, i.e. the isoflavones, daidzein and genistein; the isoflavonoid metabolites, equol, dihydrodaidzein (Int-O-D), O-desmethyl-angolensin (O-Dma); the lignan, enterolactone. Diphenols detected for the first time were the isoflavone, glycitein and five novel isoflavonoid metabolites which are tentatively identified as 6'-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin (6' OH-O-Dma), dihydrogenistein (Int-O-G), dehydro-O-desmethylangolensin (dehydro-O-Dma) and two isomers of tetrahydrodaidzein. Urinary excretion rates of the three isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, glycitein) over a 3-day period following soya challenge showed moderate variation (4x, 6x and 12x, respectively) between the 12 individuals suggesting some individual variabilities in ability to deconjugate and to absorb dietary isoflavones. However, urinary excretion rates of each of three major isoflavonoid metabolites (equol, O-Dma, 6' OH-O-Dma) showed more marked variation (922x, 17x, 15x, respectively); while some of this variability may reflect varying individual ability to ferment dietary isoflavones per se, an inverse relationship was found between urinary levels of equol and both O-Dma and 6' OH-O-Dma suggesting individual variability in the preferred metabolic pathways of dietary isoflavones.
Adult↗
Kinetics of E2A basic helix-loop-helix-protein expression during myelopoiesis and primary B cell differentiation.
The DNA-binding factors encoded by the E2A gene, which include the basic helix-loop-helix proteins E12 and E47, are thought to regulate Ig gene expression. In the rat these factors are products of the Pan locus and are referred to as Pan-2 and Pan-1, respectively. To determine when during B cell differentiation Pan (E2A) DNA-binding proteins are first expressed, cells from a newly developed rat long term lymphoid bone marrow culture system were analyzed molecularly and phenotypically using a newly defined anti-Pan mAb. The data indicate that Pan-expressing cells appear in B cell progenitors before the appearance of the CD45R B lineage-associated Ag or microH chain protein. The results also indicate that Pan proteins are present in cells that had undergone D-JH rearrangements. Finally, although Pan (E2A) proteins are present in myeloid precursors, expression is extinguished as differentiation into mature myeloid cells occurs.
Animals↗
Evaluation of the benefits of gastric tube feeding in an elderly population.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefits of gastric tube feeding in an elderly community hospital population. SUBJECTS: One hundred consecutive patients who required feeding gastrostomies from July 1984 through June 1987. SETTING: Durham (NC) Regional Hospital, a 380-bed community hospital. METHODS: Patients were evaluated using a quality of life scale (QL scale) adapted from Spitzer's QL Index. The evaluation was based on hospital records at the time of tube placement and interviews with patients or family members at follow-up between June 1991 and March 1992. Subjective evaluation of the benefits of gastric tube feeding were obtained in interviews with patients or their families at follow-up. RESULTS: Overall there was no significant change in the objective evaluation of quality of life at follow-up. Men, patients over 76 years of age, and patients with chronic illnesses such as multiple strokes or dementia showed the poorest response on the QL scale. Subjective evaluation by patients or their family members was positively correlated with objective evaluation on the QL scale. Family members of patients who showed the poorest response on the QL scale were more likely than other family members to respond no to the question, "Would you want this done to you if you were in his/her situation?" CONCLUSIONS: Our QL scale provides a good indication of patients' and family members' subjective evaluation of the benefits of gastrostomy tube feeding after 4 to 8 years. Thus, the scale should be helpful to physicians who must consult with patients and their families and make decisions about the use of this procedure. The significant discrepancy between family members' evaluations of the benefit of the procedure to the patient and their refusal of the procedure for themselves if they were in the patient's situation confirms the need for advance directives and the importance of conscientious implementation of the Patient Self Determination Act of 1990.
Adult↗
Effects of nimodipine on two neurologic measures sensitive to sensorimotor cortex damage.
Seventeen rats with lesions involving the sensorimotor forepaw and hindpaw regions were tested for the ability to run along a narrow bridge without slipping and to hold on to a small-diameter dowel suspended above the ground. Nine of the animals received the calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, once per day for the first 2 weeks after surgery, while the remaining eight rats received vehicle alone. Repeated measurements over the first 3 postoperative weeks showed deficits among the rats with lesions on both tasks. The animals treated with nimodipine, however, showed much better recovery, especially after the initial testing sessions.
Analysis of Variance↗
The effect of synthetic dermal secretion on transfer and dissipation of the insecticide aldicarb from granular formulation to fabric.
This research investigated the potential for contamination of fabric by aldicarb (Temik 15) pesticide. Fabric soiled with synthetic perspiration or synthetic sebum was contaminated with Temik granules for various time periods and extracted with methanol. Extracts were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. The aldicarb transferred to both soiled and unsoiled fabric; however, the sebum soil and longer contact time increased the transfer of aldicarb to fabric. The dissipation of aldicarb from fabric was affected by the soil type and the formulation of the Temik granule. It is apparent a potential for dermal exposure to granular pesticide exists when the pesticide is trapped in pockets or folds of clothing.
Aldicarb↗
Evidence supporting a role for cathepsin B in the generation of T cell antigenic epitopes of human growth hormone.
The elucidation of the enzymatic processing mechanism associated with the formation of antigenic peptide fragments that combine with MHC class II molecules is fundamental to our understanding of the immune system. We have investigated a structurally well defined protein, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), as an antigen, and present data supporting the hypothesis that the enzyme cathepsin B can produce peptide fragments bearing T cell epitopes associated with lymphocyte proliferative response to hGH in Balb/c (H-2dhaplotype) mice. Minimal T cell epitopes are not generated; rather the cathepsin cleavage sites flank the three antigenic peptide regions, amino acid residues 31-41, 81-100, and 166-181.
Amino Acid Sequence↗