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Biomedical subjects

C Moulton

Publications and source records attributed to C Moulton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The management of dental problems presenting to an accident and emergency department.

Patients with dental diagnoses, not necessarily traumatic, often present to accident and emergency departments and general medical practitioners. Few doctors have received much, if any, education in the management of these patients. A 6 month prospective study revealed 107 patients (0.3% of new attenders) attending the accident and emergency department of Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Only 19 of these had suffered trauma. Medical staff in the department were only rarely able to make any diagnosis, and management of these patients took place on an empirical, symptomatic basis. Management could be improved by better education of medical students and doctors. Use of an algorithm may be appropriate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pet (dog and cat) overpopulation in the United States.

Over half of all United States (US) households own a dog or cat. The veterinary profession can now provide health care for dogs and cats of affluent or devoted owners that rivals the health care offered many human patients. Unfortunately, as many pets receive medical and surgical care that becomes increasingly sophisticated, other pets in the US receive no veterinary care at all. Additionally, millions of pets are humanely killed in US animal shelters because owners are not committed to the continual responsibilities of pet care. Although the total dog and cat population is unknown in the US, as is the total number of pets killed, estimates suggest that between one-tenth and one-quarter of the entire US pet population is destroyed annually because of a surplus dog and cat problem. Pet overpopulation is attributable to relinquishment and abandonment, as well as to birth rates; thus, veterinarians must strive to reduce pet overpopulation by not only curbing reproduction, but also by decreasing the major cause of pet death in the US (i.e. humane killing). Thus, the veterinary profession must take a prominent role in the campaign to prevent the deaths of healthy animals for whom homes cannot be found, just as it has done to prevent the deaths of sick animals that do have homes.

Animal Rights↗
PubMed1992

Low density lipoprotein composition and oxidizability in coronary disease--apparent favourable effect of beta blockers.

The oxidative modification of LDL in vivo may have an important role in atherogenesis. To determine whether LDL fatty acid, anti-oxidant composition and sensitivity to oxidation in vitro is different in subjects with established atherosclerosis we compared 20 men with angiogram proven coronary disease with 25 controls without clinical evidence of arterial disease. LDL-cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL fatty acid composition did not differ significantly between the groups. LDL oxidation lag time and oxidation rate in coronary patients (132 min, 0.02 absorbance units/min) and controls (140, 0.017) were not significantly different. However coronary disease subjects taking beta-blockers had evidence for reduced LDL oxidizability (lag time 148 +/- 7 min; oxidation rate 0.017 +/- 0.002 abs units/min) compared with those not on beta-blockers (lag time 114 +/- 7 min, rate 0.025 +/- 0.003, P < 0.005). LDL beta-carotene was significantly lower in coronary patients (0.92 mumol/mmol LDL cholesterol; controls 1.58; P = 0.001). LDL alpha-tocopherol appeared lower in coronary patients (2.8 mumol/mmol LDL cholesterol; controls 3.3; P = 0.056) and was significantly lower in smokers (2.56; non-smokers 3.24; P = 0.04). LDL oxidation rate was negatively correlated with LDL alpha-tocopherol (r = -0.51, P = 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

Intravenous drug abusers attending an inner city accident and emergency department.

In a 3-month prospective study, intravenous drug abusers represented 1.14% of all new attendances at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. They generated a significant workload and were often difficult to identify. A very high proportion required surgery or other invasive procedures. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients were often unexpected. The risks to staff and other implications for the A&E department are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intracardiac therapy following emergency thoracotomy in the accident and emergency department: an experimental model.

For a select group of patients with penetrating chest trauma, immediate thoracotomy in the accident and emergency department offers the only chance of survival. Foley catheters have been used to achieve haemostasis in cardiac wounds but are not widely used for intracardiac fluid and drug administration during resuscitation. In an anatomical model designed to assess this procedure an average flow rate of 275 ml min-1 was achieved. The equipment required is readily available and easily assembled.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effect of lipoproteins on the release of some eicosanoids by stimulated human leukocytes. A possible role in atherogenesis.

Changes in eicosanoid generation have been examined in stimulated human peripheral leukocytes incubated with plasma lipoprotein fractions. Leukocytes (2.5 X 10(7) cells/ml, 90% neutrophils) were incubated with physiological concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). No release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) or platelet activating factor (PAF) was noted prior to cell stimulation with either calcium ionophore, opsonized zymosan or FMLP. After stimulation with ionophore, LDL led to a 40% enhancement of LTB4 release compared to control incubations while there was no effect on PAF production. HDL caused a small but not significant increase in LTB4 while VLDL had no effect on the release of LTB4. The formation of the other major lipoxygenase product 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) was decreased by 20% following LDL incubation and by more than 50% after VLDL incubation compared to controls. LTB4 release was also enhanced by 27% after incubation with LDL and stimulation with opsonized zymosan. LDL did not cause any increase in superoxide production by leukocytes stimulated with opsonized zymosan or PMA. PGE2 release was stimulated directly in cells incubated with lipoproteins, particularly LDL and VLDL. Oxidised LDL enhanced LTB4 production to an even greater extent than native LDL. The observed enhancement of LTB4 by LDL is not the result of LDL oxidation during incubation, the provision of arachidonic acid substrate by the lipoprotein nor the uptake of cholesterol by the cell. The effect is most likely associated with the binding of LDL to the cell membrane, since LTB4 enhancement was partially blocked by dextran sulphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1980

Lymphocyte subpopulations of intestinal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease.

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PBL) and intestinal mucosa (IML) of 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were compared with those of 11 non-IBD controls. PBL were separated on Ficoll/hypaque gradients, and IML were isolated by incubation in dithiothreitol, EDTA, and collagenase. These methods yielded cells of good viability and with intact HLA A and B-antigens. T-cells, identified by neuraminidase-treated sheep RBC rosettes and non-specific esterase staining, comprised approximately 91% of the IML from normal mucosa of all groups. B-cells, identified by erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosettes and surface immunoglobulins, were only 7% of these IML populations. Cell yields were two-fold or more greater from abnormal IBD mucosa, with T-cells ranging from 55 to 95% and B-cells from 2 to 36%. The percentage of Fc receptor bearing cells was low in all specimens. By these methods, T-lymphocytes predominated in intestinal mucosa of both IBD and non-IBD patients, but there is marked increase in the percentage of B-cells isolated from abnormal mucosa in IBD.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Discordant HLA haplotype segregation in familial Crohn's disease.

To look for possible HLA linkage in familial Crohn's disease, HLA haplotype segregation patterns were determined in 70 members of five kindreds, each having 2 or more patients with Crohn's disease (total number: 13 with Crohn's disease, 1 with ulcerative colitis). Concordant segregation of HLA haplotypes and disease was not observed. Study of HLA A and B locus phenotypes in 64 additional patients with documented Crohn's disease failed to show any significant disease association. We conclude that in these kindreds, HLA linkage does not account for the familial susceptibiltiy to Crohn's disease and that HLA A and B locus antigens are not associated with Crohn's disease.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗