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Biomedical subjects

C Morel

Publications and source records attributed to C Morel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Dibekacin: diffusion in bronchial mucus].

The study of the bronchial concentration of dibekacin has shown a different degree of activity than that of gentamicin. This activity resembles that of amikacin with a three hour time lag from the appearance of the bronchial peak in relationship to the serum peak. In addition there seems to be a special passage mechanism for the antibiotic from the blood into the bronchial secretions since we observed an increase in the mucus/serum ratio through time.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Penetration of mezlocillin into bronchial secretions (author's transl)].

The penetration of mezlocillin into bronchial secretions collected by fiberoscopy was determined in 18 hospital patients with acute-on-chronic bronchial infection. Samples of blood and bronchial mucus were collected simultaneously 3 hours after each 12-hourly intramuscular injection of 1 g mezlocillin. Antibiotic concentrations were measured by the microbiological method. Mezlocillin concentrations in bronchial secretions averaged 50 % of concomitant serum concentrations. The rate of penetration of the drug was higher than that observed with ampicillin in similar conditions. The mean bronchial level of 3 micrograms/ml was indicative of a high therapeutic index in relation to the MICs of the pathogens isolated in these patients. It is concluded that intramuscular mezlocillin is indicated for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchial infections due to highly sensitive organisms.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1982

[Penetration of cefotaxime into bronchial secretions].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the penetration into bronchial secretions, of cefotaxime, a new highly-active cephalosporin. The study was performed in 45 patients with respiratory infections. The doses and the route of administration of the drug were different in 3 groups of patients: 10 patients received 0.750 g and 20 received 1 g intramuscularly; 10 patients received a 30 min IV Infusion of 2 g of cefotaxime. Bronchial samples were taken by means of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, after a single dose in all patients, and, respectively, after 3 and 7 days treatment in 30 and 15 patients. Simultaneous serum samples were collected in order to determine relationship between bronchial and corresponding serum levels. Assays were performed by means of the microbiological agar diffusion technique. In 30 cases bacteriological analysis was performed in order to determine the MICs for cefotaxime of the bacteria isolated in sputum. The results of the study showed a mean bronchial peak reaching about 2 microgram/ml at the 3d h. Individual concentrations were varying according to doses, route of administration and underlying pathology; the ratios between bronchial and corresponding serum levels were about 15 to 23 p. cent as usual for other cephalosporins. This study indicates that cefotaxime realizes significant bronchial amounts superior to MICs of microorganisms responsible for respiratory infections.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1982

[Lung tissue diffusion of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination (author's transl)].

In 13 cases of pneumonectomy, we have studied the concentration of TMP-SMZ in tissue and serum, after three days of treatment. Four hours after TMP-SMZ injection, the tissue's samples obtained from crushed and mixed ; the dosages were performed by a microbiological assay. As we previously described in bronchial secretions : the lung penetration of TMP is important ; the tissue concentrations were higher than in serum ; the diffusion of SMZ is low. The ratio of TMP to SMZ were diffusion of SMZ is low. The ratio of TMP to SMZ were different in serum and tissue, but the antibacterial activity is not affected in vitro by the value's modification.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Hepatic lesion caused by halogenated anesthetics].

Two patients has been presented to whom general anaesthesia consecutive with halogenated anesthetics has been administrated. In one of the observations the first anaesthesia was administrated with enfluorane and halothane was for the others. The two patients inured with jaundice and in one of them accompanied with hepatic insufficiency; both of them had favourable evolution. The histology of one of them show us a lesion compatible with injury caused by halogenated anaesthesia. In one of the patients appears evidences of hypersensitivity. It is request the possibility that the enfluorane could be acting as a sensibilisant drug of the hepatic injury produced by the halothane. This experience suggest us the danger already described of the consecutive use at short intervals of halogenated anesthetics. So long as fat patients are more sensible to the toxic action of these anesthetics it is suggested prevent in their cases.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1981

[Correlation of the clearance of amylase and creatinine in acute pancreatitis and other pathologies].

The study of a group of 151 patients confirms the diagnostic value of elevated ACCR in pancreatitis, it was positive in 89.4% of them, of the group, 30 were normal, 19 exhibited acute pancreatitis and 102 had various other pathologies. Serious pancreatitis has shown coincide with a long-lasting rise of ACCR, and its rise in the course of the disease was a sign of a new outburst of progressive necrosis. Total unreliability when abnormal creatinine clearance is present was ascertained. The possible mechanism of increase in ACCR has been considered also in connection with the study of the results obtained on a group of patients exhibiting renal insufficiency, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute colecystitis, vesicular lithiasis and obstructive jaundice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Strains and clones of Trypanosoma cruzi can be characterized by pattern of restriction endonuclease products of kinetoplast DNA minicircles.

A simple method was developed for the characterization of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi stocks isolated from vectors or by hemoculture from patients with Chagas disease could be grouped in subpopulations having similar patterns of restriction endonuclease products of kinetoplast DNA minicircles. We designate such subpopulations by the term "schizodemes." Furthermore, it is shown that, from a given T. cruzi strain, clones with different biological properties can be isolated and identified by their restriction patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of pathogenic trypanosomatidae by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of kinetoplast DNA minicircles.

A simple protocol was developed for the routine preparation of a kinetoplast DNA fraction from trypanosomatids. The digestion of this DNA with selected restriction endonucleases, followed by the electrophoretic analysis of the fragments on polyacrylamide gradient gels, yielded characteristic patterns that could be used for the intrinsic characterization of stocks (populations derived by serial passage in vivo and/or in vitro from a primary isolation, without any implication of homogeneity or characterization), strains (sets of populations originating from a group of trypanosomes of a given species or subspecies present at a given time in a given host or culture, and defined by the possession of one or more designated characters), and clones (trypanosomes derived from a single individual by binary fission) of certain pathogenic hemoflagellates.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Penetration of ampicillin into human bronchial secretions.

Ampicillin concentrations in serum and bronchial secretions after oral administration of bacampicillin were evaluated. Twenty-eight hospitalized patients with acute bronchopulmonary infections received a single dose of 800 mg of bacampicillin. Samples of bronchial secretions were obtained during diagnostic bronchoscopy and blood samples were drawn simultaneously. Significant concentrations of ampicillin were found in bronchial secretions, the peak level, reached after approximately two hours, being 0.27 micrograms/ml on an average. The penetration of ampicillin into the bronchial secretions after the administration of bacampicillin could be correlated with the degree of bronchial inflammation, as illustrated either by macroscopic purulence or protein concentration in the secretions. The results suggest that bacampicillin is a useful drug in acute bronchopulmonary infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetic study of antibiotics in human respiratory tract (author's transl)].

We report the results of the study of the bronchial concentrations of several antibiotics. The experiment included 280 patients and the concentrations achieved in bronchial secretions were measured for 11 antibiotics. The samples of bronchial secretions were taken in situ by fibroscopy or through the tracheostomy cannula. The results of the study show that the rate of penetration is variable according to the different drugs; even in the same antibiotic family such as beta-lactam antibiotics the rate of penetration is variable. The bronchial levels of aminoglycosides, macrolides and tetracyclines are worthwhile, and are often superior to the MIC of the infecting organisms; the penetration is also dependant of the inflammatory conditions of the bronchi. Otherwise the sampling conditions were the best possible since samples taken by fibroscopy or by tracheostomy are not contaminated by saliva which is a factor of dilutional error. The methodology used in this study is an approach of pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Embolization and balloon occlusions in craniofacial vascular lesions: seven years' experience (author's transl)].

We review 258 cases of craniofacial vascular lesion treated by endovascular occlusion in the past 7 years in the Neuroradiology Departments of Nancy, Nantes, and Toulouse. Dural fistulas very often need both embolization and surgery. Craniofacial angiomas are not straightforward indications for therapy: the age of the patient, the unpredictability of evolution, and possible sequelae have to be taken into account; embolization is very successful in counteracting hemorrhage. Angiomatoses such as Rendu-Osler disease can respond well to repeated embolizations over several years. Lesions such as hemolymphangiomas are also excellent indications for embolization, either alone or with surgery. Occlusion by detachable balloon is ideally the most elegant method, but it is not always technically feasible, nor free from complications.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetic study of beta-lactam antibiotics in bronchial secretions.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the concentrations obtained in serum and bronchial secretions after administration of five beta-lactam antibiotics: cephradin (1 g per os) and cefoxitin (2 g i.v. infusion), amoxycillin (1.0 g per os), bacampicillin (0.4 g and 0.8 g per os) and ampicillin (1.0 g per os). 123 adult patients were included in the study and received a single dose of the tested drug. Serum and mucus samples were collected simultaneously 30 minutes, 1, 2 or 4 hours after administration of the drugs. Mucus samples were taken by fibroscopy but in some patients the samples were collected through a tracheostomy cannula which allowed sampling at different time intervals. The results show that the concentrations of penicillins in bronchial secretions increase progressively between one and four hours after administration of the drugs. Bronchial levels obtained after oral administration of ampicillin are low, not more than 5 to 10% of serum levels. The other antibiotics tested show worthwhile concentrations in bronchial secretions, especially with cephalosporins and bacampicillin which exhibits higher serum and bronchial concentrations than ampicillin.

Amoxicillin↗