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Biomedical subjects

C Morel

Publications and source records attributed to C Morel.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Preventive surgical scleral buckling of retinal detachment after severe ocular injuries].

We performed surgical scleral buckling with an encircling band to prevent retinal detachment in twenty eyes with severe ocular injury (three contusions, seventeen penetrating eye injuries including twelve eyes with intraocular foreign bodies). All surgical buckling were performed during the two weeks following the injury. The purpose of this surgical procedure is to prevent the traction from contracting vitreous base which it itself secondary to vitreoretinal proliferation; several factors promote this latter outcome: perforating injury, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular foreign body and the mix of vitreous substance and lens material. This prophylaxis is justified by the high frequency and often bad prognosis of post-traumatic retinal detachment. A mean follow-up of thirteen months showed no contusion associated delayed retinal detachment, with a final visual acuity superior to 7/10: thus, preventive surgical buckling appears efficient; perforating injuries were followed by retinal detachment in three cases; of these, two were reattached, and the final visual acuity depended on associated destructions. With the limitation of a short follow-up, this surgical procedure seems to be able to prevent most of the delayed retinal detachments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Phacoemulsification by the anterior approach combined with vitreoretinal surgery].

Phacoemulsification was combined with vitreoretinal surgery in 22 cases in which lens opacity prevented good visualisation of the fundus. The main indications were proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Phacoemulsification was achieved by a limbal approach. The technique was adapted to the hardness of the lens nucleus. The incision was temporarily or definitely closed. The visualisation system was set up and the endocular surgery performed. In 5 cases an implantation in the bag was realised at the end of surgery. This type of combined procedure offers both the benefits of extra capsular surgery: avoids neovascular glaucoma in diabetic patients, keeps silicone oil in good position, possible implantation in the capsular bag, and those of a small incision: absence of leakage, of myosis, of corneal clouding, rapid rehabilitation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Resistance to cefotaxime and seven other beta-lactams in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: a 3-year survey in France.

During the second quarter each of 1988, 1989, and 1990, a French collaborative study group, including 12 university hospital laboratories, surveyed the resistance to beta-lactams of clinical isolates from hospitalized patients: consecutively, 10,641, 10,692, and 9,382 isolates were tested. The distribution of bacterial species over time was similar in each laboratory. The susceptibilities of microorganisms to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), aztreonam (ATM), and imipenem (IPM) were measured by the disk diffusion method in accordance with the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology. Five reference strains were included for quality control. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were detected by the synergistic effect of the combination of clavulanic acid-amoxicillin with CTX, CAZ, and ATM in the double-diffusion test. A synergistic effect with CTX, CAZ, and ATM was detected for 1.5% of all strains, mainly those of Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%). For this species, the synergy test enabled the detection of roughly 50% of the resistant strains misclassified as susceptible on the basis of interpretative standards. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases disseminated in 1990 in most enterobacterial species but at a low frequency. Important variations in the percentages of resistant strains were observed in terms of bacterial species, hospitals, and wards. However, when the total number of strains was considered, the percentages of resistance to newer beta-lactams remained low.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Retinal detachment in pseudophakia. Analysis of 164 cases].

The authors present a study of 164 pseudophakic retinal detachments followed up at least six months after surgery. All the parameters were statistically evaluated. It shows that preoperative general patterns are similar to those described previously. This study was mainly concerned with finding factors which might influence anatomical success. Only proliferative vitreo-retinopathy was statistically correlated with the quality of the results. In contrast, the demonstration and localisation of retinal tears, IOL design and even vitreous loss do not influence the prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Recall of the importance of serological monitoring of children with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis].

Emphasis is put on the need for repeating serologic tests at regular intervals until one year of age in infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis. In 11 of 33 cases, antibody titer changes were the only evidence of toxoplasmosis, a disease which may induce severe ocular lesions if appropriate treatment is not given. Although well-recognized as indispensable, serologic monitoring is not always performed; in one group of 326 infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis, 133 (41%) were not followed up for more than six weeks.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1991

Selection of unrelated donors for bone marrow transplantation is improved by HLA class II genotyping with oligonucleotide hybridization.

As the demand for donors for bone marrow transplantation increases, the use of HLA-matched, genetically unrelated donors represents a promising strategy. It is well documented that the clinical outcome of bone marrow transplantation is directly dependent on optimal matching for HLA class I and class II specificities. Molecular studies have revealed the existence of a much larger number of HLA class II alleles than was anticipated, many of which cannot be recognized by routine serological typing. Currently this "hidden" polymorphism represents a major limitation to the generalized use of unrelated donors for bone marrow transplantation. It has recently become possible, however, to identify HLA allelic polymorphism directly at the DNA level by hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes ("HLA oligotyping") after amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we have investigated whether donor-recipient pairs that are fully matched for HLA by serology are truly HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP identical and to what extent class II differences influence the primary mixed lymphocyte culture. We show that HLA oligotyping, performed on 50 pairs of HLA class I and II serologically matched individuals, can indeed reveal phenotypically relevant allelic differences at either DRB or DQB loci in 56% of these pairs and can therefore improve HLA class II typing and the choice of bone marrow donors quite significantly. Oligotyping for DRB/DQB/DPB polymorphism also allows prediction of a positive mixed lymphocyte culture, as established in 31 donor/recipient combinations, and even detection of polymorphic differences that were not revealed by this test. This approach is well suited for accurate HLA typing of large pools of bone marrow donors and was successfully applied to select fully matched donors for bone marrow transplantation.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1991

[In vitro antibacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, temafloxacin, against hospital isolates. Results of a multicenter study].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of temafloxacin (TMF) was determined by agar dilution for 2,510 bacterial strains isolated in 1989 in 9 university hospitals. Activity of TMF against nalidixic acid (NAL) susceptible (S) Enterobacteriaceae was close to that of other fluoroquinolones (FQ) (mode MIC: 0.06 micrograms/l); like for other FQ, this activity was reduced against NAL intermediate (mode 1) and resistant (R) (mode 4) Enterobacteriaceae. MICs of TMF against P. aeruginosa were between 0.12 and 128 (mode 0.5-1). TMF had also a good activity against NAL S A. baumannii (mode MIC: 0.06-0.12) but this activity is reduced against NAL R Acinetobacter (mode MIC: 16). TMF was highly active against Haemophilus mode MIC: less than or equal to 0.008), Gonococci (mode MIC: 0.008-0.032), Meningococci (mode MIC: 0.08) and B. catarrhalis (mode MIC: 0.016). TMF showed better activity to other fluoroquinolones against methicillin susceptible Staphylococci (mode MIC: 0.06); the resistant strains (mode MIC: 8) are usually methicillin resistant. Comparatively to the currently available FQ, TMF is so more effective against Enterococci (mode MIC: 1), Streptococci (mode MIC: 0.5-1) and Pneumococci (mode MIC: 0.5). Finally, for the anaerobic bacteria, TMF is more active against C. perfringens (mode MIC: 0.5) than against B. fragilis (mode MIC: 2).

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1990

Complete analysis of HLA-DQB1 polymorphism and DR-DQ linkage disequilibrium by oligonucleotide typing.

HLA class II polymorphism is functionally important in the control of immune responses, in transplantation immunology, and in the suceptibility to autoimmune diseases. HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 genes exhibit a larger degree of allelic polymorphism than usually recognized by routine serology. We have therefore performed an extensive analysis of DQB1 polymorphism by oligotyping. A set of 12 oligo probes was hybridized on polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA, thus allowing the detection of 12 DQB1 alleles, as demonstrated in homozygous as well as in heterozygous individuals. This highly sensitive detection system is particularly relevant within the DQw1 specificity where the 7 allelic sequences can easily be identified. The DQ-DR linkage disequilibrium was analyzed by oligotyping of 80 Caucasoid heterozygous individuals (160 haplotypes), and very tight associations were observed between DRB1 and DQB1 alleles. Five DRB1 alleles, DR-BON, DR4/Dw4 or Dw14, DR7, DRw8.3, and DRw11, however, can be associated with different DQB1 alleles. Moreover the DRB1 and DQB1 oligotyping analysis performed on 20 randomly chosen DRw8 Caucasoid individuals showed a high prevalence of the DRB1*0801-DQB1*0402 haplotype. By combining the analysis of allelic variations at DRB1, DRB3, and DQB1 loci, we can detect 33 different DR-DQ combinations in our panel of Caucasoid individuals. We now apply DQB1 oligotyping on a routine basis for optimal matching of unrelated donors for bone marrow transplantation.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Occupational risk factors for upper respiratory tract and upper digestive tract cancers.

A case-control study was conducted to investigate occupational risk factors for upper respiratory and digestive tract cancers (nose, lips, buccal cavity, pharynx, and larynx) in the north of France. Two hundred and eighty three cases of histologically confirmed cancer in men treated during the first semester of 1983 at the Regional Cancer Institute were included in the study. Two controls per case were chosen from patients in the medical wards of the local general hospitals in the same geographical area as the case, who did not have cancer. Controls were individually matched for sex, age (+/- 18 months), ethnic group, area of residence, and smoking and alcohol drinking history. All subjects were questioned about occupations in which they had worked for at least 15 years. Odds ratios for major occupational categories were estimated using conditional logistic regression for matched samples. Significant associations were found between wood work and nasal cancer (four cases, no control) and farming and lip cancer (odds ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1-26.8). Pharyngeal cancer was associated with the textile industry (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.7) and the building industry (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Coal miners showed a threefold excess risk for cancer of the lip (4 cases, no control), buccal cavity (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-11.8), and larynx (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.7).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Cancer of the testis, sarcoidosis and neurinoma].

The association of testicular cancer, sarcoidosis and neuroma is reported. Review of the literature revealed the rarity of the association of testicular cancer and sarcoidosis which is probably a chance association, but which is important in the context of staging, as overstaging may lead to useless or even dangerous treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro antibacterial activity of lomefloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against hospital strains. Results of a multicenter study].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of lomefloxacin (LOM) was determined by agar dilution for 2,819 bacterial strains isolated in 1988 in 9 university hospitals. Activity of LOM against nalidixic acid (NAL) susceptible (S) Enterobacteriaceae was close to that of pefloxacin (PEF) (mode MIC: 0.12-0.25 micrograms/ml); like for PEF, this activity was reduced against NAL resistant (R) Enterobacteriaceae (mode MIC: 4). MICs of LOM against P. aeruginosa were between 0.5 and 16 (mode: 2). LOM had also a good activity against NAL S A. baumannii (mode MIC: 0.5) but this activity is reduced against NAL R Acinetobacter (MICs : 4 to 128). LOM was highly active against Haemophilus (mode MIC: 0.06), Gonococci (mode MIC: 0.008), Meningococci (mode MIC: 0.03), Branhamella (mode MIC: 0.12-0.25). LOM showed activity similar to PEF against methicillin susceptible Staphylococci (mode MIC: 0.5-1); the resistant strains are usually methicillin resistant. Similar to the currently available quinolones, LOM is less effective against L. monocytogenes (mode MIC: 8), Enterococci (mode MIC: 4), Streptococci (mode MIC: 4) and Pneumococci (mode MIC: 8). Finally, for the anaerobic bacteria, LOM is more active against Clostridium perfringens (mode MIC: 1) than against Bacteroides fragilis (mode MIC: 32).

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro antibacterial activity of rokitamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic. Results of a multicenter study].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of rokitamycin (R) were evaluated by agar dilution for 914 bacterial strain isolated in 4 hospitals and classed as a function of susceptibility and resistance to Macrolides-Lincosamides-Streptogramines group (MLS). MICs of R ranged from 0.06 to 1 microgram/ml (mode MIC 0.25-0.5) on Staphylococci susceptible to MLS and on MLSB inducible strains; R was inactive on MLSB constitutive strains. MICs of R ranged from 0.008 to 0.5 microgram/ml (mode MIC 0.06 to 0.25) for Streptococci and Pneumococci susceptible to erythromycin (E) and from 0.06 to greater than 128 for strains resistant to E. Enterococci susceptible to E were inhibited by 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml (mode MIC 0.5) and strains resistant to E by 0.25 to greater than 128. Haemophilus were inhibited by 0.5 to 0.65 microgram/ml (mode MICs of R ranged generally from 0.016 to 0.5 microgram/ml (mode MIC 0.12) for C. perfringens and from 0.016 to 1 (mode MIC 0.06) for B. fragilis. Thus, R was shown to be among macrolide antibiotics of resistance strains. Its activity was superior to that of other products of this group spiramycin, josamycin, miokamycin, particularly on Gram positive cocci. R had a good activity on Neisseria, Branhamella, anaerobes and, as others macrolides, was poorly active on Haemophilus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Sensitive detection and schizodeme classification of Trypanosoma cruzi cells by amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA sequences: use in diagnosis of Chagas' disease.

Amplification of DNA sequences from the kinetoplast minicircle DNA was employed as a method for the detection and classification of small numbers of Trypanosoma cruzi cells. Two overlapping fragments from the conserved 120 bp minirepeat regions of the minicircle DNA and one fragment covering the adjacent variable regions were amplified. The minimal amount of minicircle DNA required to detect a product by hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe was 0.015 fg, which represents approximately 10 molecules or 0.1% of the minicircle DNA component of a single cell. The amplification worked equally well with kDNA from several strains of T. cruzi and did not occur with kDNA from several other kinetoplastids. kDNA recovered from less than 10 trypanosomes in whole blood could be used as a template for amplification; the presence of a several billion fold excess of human DNA had no effect on the amplification process. Schizodeme analysis by hybridization with specific oligonucleotides or by direct restriction enzyme digestion could be performed on the amplified fragments representing the minicircle conserved region or variable regions. This method should prove useful as a rapid, specific and sensitive assay for Chagas' disease in chronic patients as well as for epidemiological studies of infected animals and insects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Value of IgA detection in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis].

The detection of IgA in serum by immunocapture agglutination assay is easy to perform in routine. It represents a valuable element for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The presence of IgA, even more than that of IgM, evokes a recent infection. However, caution must be taken in using the results to date back the infection since kinetics of IgA production, like other immunoglobulins, may depend on individual variations.

Animals↗