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Biomedical subjects

C Moore

Publications and source records attributed to C Moore.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cocaine hydrochloride on reproductive function and sexual behavior of male rats and on the behavior of their offspring.

Cocaine hydrochloride (30, 15, or 0 mg/kg) was administered daily subcutaneously to male rats for a minimum of 72 days. Animals receiving the 15-mg/kg and 0-mg/kg doses were pair-fed with animals receiving the higher dose. A fourth group served as a nontreated ad libitum-fed control to assess the role of cocaine-associated decreases in food and water intake. Administration of cocaine resulted in dose-related decreases in body weights, increases in locomotor activity, and decreases in estradiol levels. The high dose of cocaine was also associated with an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with heads separated from tails. Cocaine did not affect sexual behavior, relative weights of the testis or accessory organs, histology of the testis, number of implantations, resorptions, fetal or newborn weight of offspring, or offspring weight at 21 days of age but did result in hyperactivity and increased perseverance in a T maze.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of afterload reduction on myocardial carbon 11-labeled acetate kinetics and noninvasively estimated mechanical efficiency in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: With echocardiography and dynamic carbon 11-labeled acetate (C-11 acetate) positron emission tomographic imaging, C-11 acetate kinetics and a parameter that estimates mechanical ventricular efficiency (the work metabolic index) were defined in eight patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The effect of afterload reduction with nitroprusside on these parameters was evaluated in six of these patients. Nitroprusside increased stroke work index but decreased the C-11 clearance rate. The work metabolic index determined noninvasively increased and correlated well with an invasive approach. The work metabolic index was inversely correlated with systemic vascular resistance. Nitroprusside shifted this relationship upward and to the left. CONCLUSION: This method of estimating efficiency is feasible and may represent a unique noninvasive approach for the evaluation of cardiac performance and responses to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibronectin-alpha4beta1 integrin interactions modulate p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation in steatotic liver cold ischemia-reperfusion injury.

We investigated the effects of the connecting segment-1 (CS1) peptide, which blocks fibronectin (FN)-alpha4beta1 integrin interactions upon cell signaling, leukocyte migration, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, in a well-established steatotic rat liver model using ex vivo cold ischemia followed by isotransplantation. In this model, CS1 peptides were administered through the portal vein of steatotic Zucker rat livers prior and after cold ischemic storage. Lean Zucker recipients of fatty orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) received an additional 3-day course of CS1 peptides post-OLT. CS1 peptide-treated steatotic OLTs harvested at 1, 3, and 7 days showed moderated levels of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, comparable to those observed in steatotic naive livers. In contrast, p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation was found up-regulated in 1- to 3-day damaged control OLTs. However, 7-day control OLTs were characterized by virtually lack of p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation. Lack of p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation in 7-day control OLTs was correlated with massive presence of leukocytes in the grafts and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. CS1 peptide-treated OLTs at 7 days showed a profound decrease in T-cell (10 +/- 3 vs 56 +/- 20, P < .03) and monocyte/macrophage (+/++ vs +++) infiltration and significantly reduced levels of cytokine expression, such as IL-2 (approximately sixfold), and IFN-gamma (approximately three- to fourfold), as compared with controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The determination of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in meconium.

The determination of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH), the major urinary metabolite of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in meconium is extremely difficult because of the high concentration of lipids in the specimen and the low concentration of drug present. A simple, robust, analytical procedure for the screening and confirmation of THCCOOH in meconium is presented. To our knowledge, the procedure is the first published method for the successful confirmation of THCCOOH in meconium and is used routinely in our laboratory for the purpose of detecting marijuana use during pregnancy.

Dronabinol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxidative metabolism in cerebral ischemia. Part 1. Measurement of oxygen extraction slopes of grey and white matter in vivo.

Regional oxidative metabolism was studied in vivo. Oxygen availability was monitored from polarographic electrodes in frontal cortical and subcortical tissue. The rate of oxygen extraction in these regions was estimated at frequencies of up to 3 measurements per minute. Transient ischemia of the frontal regions was induced and the resultant decay in the oxygen trace was analyzed kinetically. The oxygen extraction slopes (OES) were steeper in grey than in white matter. They were relatively insensitive to alterations of arterial blood gas concentrations within the physiological range. The slopes were predictably influenced by pharmacologic agents known to alter the rate of oxidative metabolism. Artifacts which may interfere with the OES measurments were considered. This method of estimating regional tissue oxygen extraction may be appropriate for studying aspects of focal CI.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospital-based HMO: an outpatient study.

With the increasing pressure from managed care companies and in cooperation with its medical staff's independent practice association, the Vista Hill Foundation formed its own specialty health maintenance organization. This is a report on an outpatient study of treatment satisfaction among 124 mental healthcare providers (50% of whom were psychiatrists) and their 218 patient experiences. Treatment outcome was rated as "very satisfactory" or "satisfactory" in 82% of the studied cases. Managed care was found to cause "mild" to "moderate" treatment interference in 26% of the cases and "significant" to "major" interference in 6%. There was no interference reported in 60% of the cases studied. Our study demonstrates that a hospital provider and its managed care system can provide satisfactory care, but it also reveals the need to constantly review treatment programs to reduce interference. The study and report are part of Vista Hill Foundation's ongoing quality review efforts.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Internet's impact on EDI.

Explosive growth of the Internet in a number of industries has created an information distribution channel that is likely to alter and leverage every aspect of electronic commerce. With the levels of IS integration and technological innovations in development in healthcare today, it is not unreasonable to predict that this industry soon will be similarly driven.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heart transplant nutrition programs: a national survey.

Cardiac cachexia and nutritional inadequacies have been cited as risk factors for poor outcome after heart transplantation. To evaluate the current status of nutritional support programs for heart transplant patients, we conducted a national survey of major transplant centers. Surveys were sent to 26 institutions, with 20 hospitals responding to the written questionnaire and providing samples of educational material from their nutrition programs. Although 80% of the hospitals surveyed included a dietitian as a member of the nutritional support team, dietitians participated in only 50% of the pretransplant teaching conferences. Nutritional status and care plans were discussed with patients and family members during the pretransplant conferences. At most centers (88%) nutritional status was assessed on a routine basis before the procedure. After transplantation, nutritional assessments were usually performed every 7 to 10 days. During the 2 to 4 weeks after surgery, the most common diets prescribed were low-fat, low-cholesterol diets that typically limited sodium intake. Thirty percent of the hospitals also restricted patients from eating fresh fruits and vegetables for 3 to 4 weeks after surgery, theoretically to minimize risk of certain infections. After patient discharge, most centers (68%) monitored nutritional status of patients during periodic clinic visits and yearly evaluations. This study demonstrated that nutritional management has become an important factor in the total medical care of the heart transplant patient. Findings of this survey were used to develop nutritional support program guidelines for heart transplant recipients at our institution. Further research is necessary before a standardized procedure for assessing and monitoring nutritional status of heart transplant patients can be developed.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of unexpected clones of monosomy 7 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The feasibility of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique for the detection of leukemic clones with masked chromosomal aberration in interphase nuclei was tested in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Twenty-one cases of ALL previously studied by classical metaphase cytogenetics were retrospectively analysed using a centromere-specific chromosome 7 probe. Five cases with karyotypic abnormalities of chromosome 7 (2 with trisomy 7, 2 with monosomy 7 and 1 with trisomy & tetrasomy 7) showed a correlation with FISH results, whereas in five other cases monosomy 7 was found in 12-43% of cells only by FISH. The unexpected detection of monosomy 7 in these latter ALL patients suggests that either these clones are quiescent or unable to enter mitosis in vitro. This suggests that FISH and metaphase cytogenetics must be combined whenever possible to obtain comprehensive karyotypic information.

Bone Marrow↗