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Biomedical subjects

C Moore

Publications and source records attributed to C Moore.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Tracking of "moving" fused auditory images by children.

Recent investigations (Cranford, Boose, & Moore, 1990a,b; Moore, Cranford, & Rahn, 1990) studied the ability of normal adult subjects to localize sounds under conditions that elicit the Precedence Effect. In different tests, subjects were required either to report the perceived location of a stationary fused auditory image (FAI) or track the apparent motion of a "moving" FAI. Movement of the FAI was simulated by incrementally varying the delay between pairs of clicks presented, one each, from two matched loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of the listener. In the present study, groups of normally developing children, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years of age, were tested with these two procedures. Although subjects performed at normal adult levels with the stationary FAI test, a significant age-related trend was observed with the moving FAI test. The younger children exhibited poorer tracking performances than did the older children. These results provide evidence that significant changes in binaural temporal processing abilities may occur in the early childhood years.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Hyperventilation in head injury does it do more harm than good?

During the past decade the management of clients with severe head injuries has been influenced by the use of hyperventilation. Increased intracranial pressure (I.C.P.) is the major cause of death following head injury and outcome has been linked to the ability of the practitioner to control intracranial hypertension. Hyperventilation is one method that is frequently employed to control increases in I.C.P. There is no doubt that hyperventilation effectively reduces intracranial pressure, but controversy surrounds the influence that this procedure may inflict upon the cerebral hemodynamic reserve (C.H.R.). The literature indicates that in spite of normal cerebral perfusion pressure, associated with raised I.C.P., that C.H.R. may be compromised. This paper will examine the controversy that surrounds the use of hyperventilation in the client with severe head injury.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1993

HIV/AIDS. Caring for families in the community.

Primary health care workers have a vital role in offering advice, support and comfort to families affected by Aids and HIV, write Sue Appleby and Corinne Moore. Here they describe the specialist health visiting service provided in Parkside, west London, for parents and children with HIV infection. But generic health visitors and school nurses must also be aware of the issues and alert to signs of undiagnosed infection as they are likely to be increasingly involved in providing a 'normal' service to families affected by Aids/HIV.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Lateralized readiness potential and reaction time in partial preliminary information of a psychomotor parameter].

An overt response with a single hand is preceded by a change in the relative activation of the left and right motor cortices. The resulting lateral shift in the distribution of electrical potential at the scalp is known as the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP). The LRP is thought to reflect the differential preparation of the two hands and has been used to study the time-course of such preparation. A number of questions concerning the interpretation of the LRP still remain, however. The present study sought to discover whether the LRP reflects only the preparation of actual muscles or can arise from a more abstract muscle-independent form of preparation. In a choice reaction time (RT) task, either hand (left or right) or movement direction (finger flexion or extension) was precued before the response signal appeared. The hand precue induced an LRP, even though the remaining response alternatives involved different roles for the same muscles. Surprisingly, RT was correlated with the amplitude of the LRP following the direction precue, but not the hand precue. The results support the assumption that the LRP reflects an abstract muscle-independent form of response preparation. It is argued that this preparation works in an all-or-none fashion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Detection of fetal cocaine exposure by analysis of amniotic fluid.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography is useful in detecting fetal exposure to cocaine and its metabolites. METHODS: Amniotic fluid and urine samples were obtained from 23 subjects with documented cocaine abuse during pregnancy and five subjects without a history of cocaine abuse. Urine samples were also collected from all newborns. Urine samples were screened using conventional immunoassay techniques and confirmed with thin-layer chromatography. Using a modified solid-phase extraction procedure, we removed cocaine and its metabolites from all AF samples and from the newborn urine samples in which the initial screening was positive. Subsequently, we analyzed the extracts with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Cocaine or benzoylecgonine was detected in 74% of AF samples taken from the 23 known cocaine abusers. In these subjects, conventional maternal and neonatal urine toxicology screens were positive in 61 and 35%, respectively. Concentrations in AF ranged from 400 to greater than 5000 ng/mL for benzoylecgonine and from trace to 250 ng/mL for cocaine. Mean benzoylecgonine recovery from AF was significantly greater than from newborn urine (1800 versus 280 ng/mL, respectively; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Analysis of AF appears to be useful in detecting gestational cocaine exposure.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1992

Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples.

We examined 140 probands with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 120 normal controls, and their 822 first-degree relatives using "blind" raters and structured diagnostic interviews. Compared with controls, probands with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were more likely to have conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders. Compared with relatives of controls, relatives of probands with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had a higher risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial disorders, major depressive disorder, substance dependence, and anxiety disorders. Patterns of comorbidity indicate that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorders may share common familial vulnerabilities, that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder plus conduct disorder may be a distinct subtype, and that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders are transmitted independently in families. These results extend previous findings indicating family-genetic influences in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using both pediatrically and psychiatrically referred proband samples. The distributions of comorbid illnesses in families provide further validation for subgrouping probands with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by comorbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Nocturnal growth hormone secretion in schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects.

Plasma growth hormone concentrations were measured at hourly intervals between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m. the next morning in 15 drug-free chronic schizophrenic male inpatients and 14 healthy males. Growth hormone secretion was significantly lower in the patients as compared with the controls. Growth hormone release peaked around 1 a.m. in the controls, but a growth hormone peak was absent in the patient group. Increased dopamine activity, increased serotonin activity, or both could explain the absence of a nocturnal growth hormone surge in the schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Determination of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in human amniotic fluid using high flow solid-phase extraction columns and HPLC.

A new solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in amniotic fluid, using high flow co-polymeric sorbents is reported. The recoveries of cocaine and benzoylecgonine within the range 0.1-1 mg/l were 95.7% and 50.3%, respectively. The use of high-flow sorbents allowed the easy extraction of amniotic fluid regardless of sample viscosity or physical nature. The use of these solid-phase columns provided many advantages over the more commonly used solvent extraction, including an increase in extraction speed and efficiency, reduced operator time, reduced solvent use and disposal volumes and exceptional extract quality. Further, the determination of amniotic fluid obtained from pregnant cocaine users may provide important information about handling of cocaine by the fetus at various gestational ages. The procedure was successfully applied to amniotic fluid from suspected cocaine abusers.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1992

Determination of cocaine and its metabolites in brain tissue using high-flow solid-phase extraction columns and high-performance liquid chromatography.

A new solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of cocaine and some of its metabolites in brain tissue, using high-flow co-polymeric sorbents is reported as a substantial improvement on our recently reported procedure. The recovery of cocaine, norcocaine and cocaethylene was excellent as was the reproducibility of the extraction. The use of high-flow sorbents allowed the easy extraction of tissue without the need for a time-consuming lipase digestion, regardless of sample viscosity or physical nature. The use of these solid-phase columns provided many advantages over the more commonly used solvent extraction, including an increase in extraction speed and efficiency, reduced operator time, reduced solvent use and disposal volumes and exceptional extract quality. The procedure was successfully applied to rabbit brains spiked with cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and cocaethylene.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Biosecurity and minimal disease herds.

The minimal disease concept is a way of raising pigs so that some specific diseases are absent. Many bacteria and viruses can be transferred by pigs, air, or mechanical contact. To avoid contamination, the herd location should take into consideration disease transmission possibilities. Herd health status and source herd health status should be continuously monitored. To maintain herd health status, specific rules need to be followed for herd construction and establishment, compound perimeter, people movement, down time, animal transportation, feed use and delivery, vehicle movement, material, dead animal disposition, and rodent control. All new incoming animals should go through quarantine, and in some herds, safer methods such as AI, embryo transfer, MEW, or hysterectomy and fostering need to be used.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Mental terms in mothers' and children's speech: similarities and relationships.

In this study, mental terms in mothers' and their children's speech at two and three years of age were studied in order to examine the relationships between maternal and child use. Nineteen mother and child dyads were videotaped for one hour on each of two days when the children were 2;0 and again for two one-hour sessions on separate days when they were 3;0, and mental terms were noted. The utterances in which mental terms were used were coded for function. Results supported the existing picture of children's mental term use. Few terms appeared at 2;0, but many were used at 3;0 with think and know predominating. Mental terms occurred more commonly in utterances used to regulate the interaction between the participants than in utterances referring to mental states. Children's mental term use mirrored that of their mothers. Further, mothers' use of mental terms for particular functions when their children were 2;0 predicted their children's use at 3;0. While allowing no conclusions about causation, our findings suggest that the development of mental state language, and thus presumably a theory of mind, is fostered by the linguistic environment. Specifically, it is argued that the tendency of mothers to focus their children's attention on mental processes by talking about them and, more importantly, by using utterance types which conceivably direct the children to reflect on their own mental states, is associated with children's use of mental terms.

Cognition↗
PubMed1992

Selectivity, scope, and simplicity of models: a lesson from fitting judgments of perceived depth.

When comparing psychological models a researcher should assess their relative selectivity, scope, and simplicity. The third of these considerations can be measured by the models' parameter counts or equation length, the second by their ability to fit random data, and the first by their differential ability to fit patterned data over random data. These conclusions are based on exploration of integration models reflecting depth judgments. Replication of Massaro's (1988a) results revealed an additive model (Bruno & Cutting, 1988), and Massaro's fuzzy-logical model of perception (FLMP) fit data equally well, but further exploration showed that the FLMP fit random data better. The FLMP's successes may reflect not its sensitivity in capturing psychological process but its scope in fitting any data and its complexity as measured by equation length.

Adult↗