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Biomedical subjects

C Molina

Publications and source records attributed to C Molina.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Luteal progesterone relates to histological endometrial maturation in fertile women.

To examine the relationship between endometrial histological maturation and reproductive hormones, we studied 11 fertile women, aged 18-37 yr. All participants had had at least 1 previous pregnancy and cycled regularly, every 25-35 days. Women collected daily, first morning voided urine for measurement of estradiol and progesterone metabolite excretion, estrone conjugates (E1c), and pregnanediol glucuronide (Pdg), respectively, throughout the cycle of study. Hormones were normalized for creatinine. Between 7-9 days after home detection of a LH surge (Sure Step), participants underwent an endometrial biopsy using a small bore (Pipelle) catheter. Tissue was prepared for histological and biochemical analyses. The histological analysis is reported herein. Endometrium was dated by 3 authors (N.S., D.H., and S.P.), all of whom were blinded to the participant's identity or timing of biopsy within her cycle. Final dating was agreed upon based upon the method of Noyes et al. E1c and Pdg were integrated throughout the cycle using the trapezoidal rule, and correlations were sought between deviation from expected histology (based upon urinary hormones and LH surge) and integrated hormone values. E1c varied over a 2-fold range in these normal women, from 1196-2040 ng/cycle. Pdg excretion was much more variable, ranging from 22-119 microg/cycle. No relationship could be found between histological lagging of endometrial maturation and lower excretion of E1c. A moderate correlation was observed (Spearman's r = 0.6; P < 0.05) between degree of histological maturation and integrated Pdg. Of two women with evidence of a disparity between gland and stromal development (glands lagging behind stroma by >2 days), one excreted 24 microg Pdg/cycle, the next to lowest value. We conclude that normal fertile women experience a wide range of hormone concentrations in the face of normal endometrial maturation. Progesterone appears to exert a dose-related effect on endometrial maturation, and the techniques we used, although relatively crude clinical measures, appeared to be sufficient to detect this relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Consumption of licit and illicit drugs in Chile: results of the 1998 study and comparison with the 1994 and 1996 studies].

The principal results are presented here from the Third National Study of the Consumption of Drugs, which was carried out in Chile by the National Board for Narcotics Control between 1 September 1998 and 15 January 1999. The 1998 study used the same methodological design as the first and second studies, which were done in 1994 and 1996. The 1998 study expanded the sample to 31,665 individuals, who were representative of a population of 6,940,727 people from 12 to 64 years old, both sexes, and five socioeconomic levels and who were residents of urban areas in 62 commune administrative divisions of the 13 regions of the country. Results from the 1998 study are compared with those from 1996 and 1994. The 1998 study shows that 17.5% of Chileans have at some time in their life used one of the three illicit drugs most popular in the country: marijuana (16.8%), coca paste (2.3%), and cocaine hydrochloride (4.0%). The prevalence of use of any of the three drugs, mainly marijuana, during the preceding year was 5.3% and during the preceding month 2.2%. With respect to licit drugs, 28.4% of Chileans have at some time in their lives used antianxiety drugs, 84.4% of them have consumed alcohol, and 71.9% have used tobacco. Most of the people who once used illegal drugs have stopped doing so: 71.6% in the case of marijuana, 64.1% with coca paste, and 66.8% with cocaine hydrochloride. For legal drugs, the percentages were lower: 55.5% for anxiolytics, 16.0% for alcohol, and 34.5% for tobacco. The consumption of licit and illicit drugs was several times greater among men than among women, except for anxiolytics, whose use was three times greater among women. Drug use was more frequent among persons between 19 and 25 years old. Consumption of illegal drugs was more frequent at higher socioeconomic levels, and use of licit drugs was more common in the lower socioeconomic levels. The 50th percentile of the age of initiating drug use was 17 years for alcohol, 15 for tobacco, 30 for antianxiety agents, 17 for marijuana, 20 for coca paste, and 21 for cocaine hydrochloride. Comparing the results of the three studies shows that, after an increase in the use of licit drugs between 1994 and 1996, there was a stabilization in 1998. With illegal drugs there was a modest increase in consumption between 1996 and 1998, following a small reduction between 1994 and 1996.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

["Stroke code". Shortening the delay in reperfusion treatment of acute ischemic stroke].

BACKGROUND: "Stroke Code" is a system for the rapid identification, pre-notification and transport of acute ischemic stroke patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of delay reduction for thrombolytic therapy in these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in the emergency unit within the first 6 hours after onset of symptoms and included into reperfusion clinical trials. We compared the delay for initiating reperfusion treatment related to the activation or not of the stroke code. RESULTS: From 454 patients evaluated, 25% were admitted to the hospital in less than 6 hours from stroke onset. 59% of these patients were candidates for reperfusion treatment. "Stroke Code" was activated in 13 (55%). We observed a significant reduction in the delay since the onset of symptoms in relation to "Stroke Code" activation or not (mean X [SD]): emergency room arrival: 49.6 (48) vs 80 (48) min; Stroke Team evaluation: 65.3 (57) vs 133.6 (58) min; CT scan performing: 86.2 (60) vs 171.8 (62) min; Start of treatment; 212.9 (51) vs 287.3 (59) min. CONCLUSIONS: "Stroke Code" activation reduced in 50% pre- and in-hospital delay to start reperfusion treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Transcriptional up-regulation of the cyclin D2 gene and acquisition of new cyclin-dependent kinase partners in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cells.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Tax(1) is a 40-kDa phosphoprotein, predominantly localized in the nucleus of the host cell, which functions to transactivate both viral and cellular promoters. It seems likely that HTLV-1, through expression of the viral regulatory protein Tax(1), provides some initial alteration in cell metabolism predisposing the development of ATL. Here, we demonstrate that HTLV-1 infection in T-cell lines and patient samples causes overexpression of an early G(1) cyclin, cyclin D2. The transcriptional up-regulation of the cyclin D2 gene is due to activation of Tax on the cyclin D2 gene. More important, we find that overexpression of cyclin D2 is accompanied by acquisition of new partners such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cdk4, and cdk6 in infected cells. This is in contrast to uninfected T cells, where cyclin D2 associates only with cdk6. Functional effects of these cyclin-cdk complexes in infected cells are shown by hyperphosphorylation of Rb and histone H1, indicators of active progression into S phase as well as changes in cellular chromatin and transcription machinery. These studies link HTLV-1 infection with changes of cellular cyclin gene expression, hence providing clues to development of T-cell leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity as a risk marker for first-ever lacunar infarction: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Functional assessment of small arteries and arterioles could provide valuable information regarding the extent of diffuse arteriolosclerosis in patients with small-vessel disease. Therefore we attempted to clarify the role of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) as a risk marker for first-ever symptomatic lacunar infarction. METHODS: Forty-six patients with lacunar infarction and 46 sex- and age-matched control subjects were prospectively evaluated. Cerebral hemodynamics were studied with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. CVR was examined by calculating the percent increase in mean flow velocity occurring after 15 mg/kg acetazolamide administration (Diamox test). RESULTS: CVR was significantly (P<0.0001, Student's t test) lower in cases (50.0+/-12. 7%) as compared with control subjects (65.2+/-12.4%). A multiple logistic regression analysis identified male sex (odds ratio [OR] 2. 3, P=0.02), age (OR 3.6, P<0.005), and the presence of lacunar infarction on magnetic resonance imaging (OR 5.3, P<0.001) as significant and independent factors associated with a reduction of CVR. Moreover, a cut-point of 55.6% (sensitivity 67%, specificity 82%) was established as the threshold value for distinguishing between pathological and normal CVR. CVR was significantly (P=0.02) lower in patients with multiple (46.38+/-12.6%) than with single (54. 83+/-11.58%) lacunar infarction. In addition, a trend of negative correlation was found between CVR and the number of lacunar infarctions (r=-0.26, P=0.08). In the multiple logistic model, history of hypertension (OR 7.24; 95% confidence interval 2.95 to 17. 79) and CVR (OR 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.93) emerge as significant and independent predictors of first-ever lacunar infarction. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that impaired CVR is a risk marker for first-ever lacunar infarction.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1998

Influence of the purification of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the physical properties of solutions and O/W emulsions.

The effect of the purification of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been studied in aqueous solutions and in o/w emulsions. The physical properties (surface tension, conductivity, light dispersion, viscosity, and granulometry) depend on the degree of purity of surfactant. This effect is less important within the emulsion technology when thickener or cosurfactant agents are added to the emulsion.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1998

[Presentation of the Environmental-Health Prize 1997: Lyme borreliosis].

Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease, with multisystem involvement, due to a spirochete known as Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted to humans by ticks; its recent emergence is, in part, the consequence of reforestation and the rise in deer and rodents populations. The prevention and the treatment of this disease are well standardized, the main risk being its misdiagnosis.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1998

[Stroke: a stranger among the people].

INTRODUCTION: Lack of awareness of warning signs of stroke is a factor that contribute to late patient arrival to the emergency department. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this pilot study was to determine the baseline knowledge of stroke among the population (terminology, signs-symptoms, risk factors and attitude) prior to educational campaigns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A population-based interview using closed-ended questions was conducted by neurologists among 100 users of the Vall d'Hebron's Primary Health Center, randomly sampled. RESULTS: In our population a 9% unknowns totally the disease, of the remainder, 42% has a good knowledge of signs-symptoms and 46% of risk factors. Only 22% of the sample has good global knowledge of the disease. If suffering a stroke this population should seek medical attention through 911 (46.2%) or come directly to the emergency department (50.5%). If symptoms were gone away, transient ischemic attack (TIA), appears a trend to contact primary physicians (59.3%). Respondents aged > 65 years were less likely to recognize symptoms (p = 0.001) and to consider stroke as an emergency. Respondents with an affected relative (50.5%) tend to locate more exactly the disease at the brain (p = 0.05) and to arrive earlier to the emergency department (p = 0.045), than those with non-affected relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Less than a quarter of our population have a good knowledge of the disease. Stroke is considered an emergency unlike TIA. The information about stroke is theoretically associated with early presentation to the emergency department. These results permit a redesign of the questionnaire to conduct a second phase of the study and generalize them for the Spanish population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Ectopic ICER expression in pituitary corticotroph AtT20 cells: effects on morphology, cell cycle, and hormonal production.

The products of the cAMP response element modulator (CREM) gene play an important role in the transcriptional response to cAMP in endocrine cells. By virtue of an alternative, intronic promoter within the gene, the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) isoform is generated. ICER was shown to act as a dominant negative regulator and to be cAMP-inducible in various neuroendocrine cells and tissues. ICER negatively autoregulates its own expression and has been postulated to participate in the molecular events governing oscillatory hormonal regulations. To elucidate ICER function in pituitary physiology, we have generated AtT20 corticotroph cell lines expressing the sense or antisense ICER transcript under the control of the cadmium-inducible human methallothionein IIA promoter. Here we demonstrate that changes in the regulated levels of ICER have drastic consequences on the physiology of the corticotrophs. Ectopic ICER expression induces remarkable modifications in AtT20 morphology. Cells with persistent, nonregulated high levels of ICER are blocked in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, while the opposite effect is obtained in cells expressing an antisense ICER transcript. We show that the effect of ICER on the AtT20 cell cycle is correlated to a direct down-regulation of the cyclin A gene promoter by ICER. Finally, we show that ACTH hormonal secretion from the corticotrophs is completely blocked by ICER ectopic expression. Interestingly, this effect is not due to a direct regulation of the POMC gene, but is mediated by a transcriptional control of the prohormone convertase 1 gene. These results point to a key regulatory function of CREM in pituitary physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Jugular megabulb as a cause of pulsatile tinnitus].

INTRODUCTION: Pulsatile tinnitus (AP), possibly of vascular origin, may be a sign of various vascular and non-vascular pathological processes. Arteriovenous fistulas and malformations are, perhaps, the commonest cause of AP. CLINICAL CASE: A 64 year-old woman presented with AP of the right ear for the past 14 years. It was continuous all day and could be observed externally by the examiner. The intensity of the tinnitus diminished on right later-cervical compression and on turning her head to the left. There was bilateral transmission deafness. Neurological examination was normal. Complementary explorations (MR, CT of the base of the skull and cerebral arteriography) showed the presence of a jugular megabulb of the right side. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of AP may be for many years the only sign of subjacent vascular pathology, such as a megabulb of the jugular vein.

Female↗