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Biomedical subjects

C Mettlin

Publications and source records attributed to C Mettlin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of a community program to promote early breast cancer detection.

There are no known means of preventing breast cancer, and efforts to control the disease must be directed toward early detection and improved treatment. To assist in achieving this, we developed a two-tier educational program aimed at educating women regarding breast cancer facts and the proper performance of breast self-examination (BSE). Educational efforts are first directed at nurses who are then encouraged to transmit this information to women and their partners in the community. The program combines a lecture and demonstration with more informal small group discussions that allow for individual demonstrations of the technique of BSE. Follow-up of both nurse and lay participants by means of telephone interviews has shown that women can be motivated to practice BSE, and be made aware of proper techniques.

Breast↗
PubMed1981

Diet and cancer of the esophagus.

The reported dietary, alcohol consumption and smoking habits of 147 Roswell Park Memorial Institute white male patients diagnosed with cancer of the esophagus were compared with the reports of 264 white males of comparable ages with diagnoses other than cancer. Overall frequency of vegetable an fruit consumption was associated with lower risk; persons reporting fruit and/or vegetable consumption 31-40 times a month had significantly greater risk than those who reported consumption 81 times a month or more. Calculated indexes of vitamin A and vitamin C intake were similarly related to reduction in risk. Dose-response gradients were observed for frequency of vegetable and/or fruit consumption, as well as for vitamin A and C intake. The putative protective effect of vegetable and fruit intake remained evident after controlling for its possible association with smoking and drinking. Previously reported associations of smoking, alcohol use and social class, as measured by type of occupation, were replicated in these data. The findings of this investigation in instances of colon, lung, bladder, oral, and laryngeal cancers, and with evidence of tumor inhibition by vegetable properties in animals. Interpretation of the findings is limited by the difficulties of retrospective assessment of dietary intake and by possible confounding by other factors known to be related to esophageal cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Dietary factors in the epidemiology of cancer of the larynx.

Interviews were carried out with 374 male patients at Roswell Park Memorial Institute with cancer of the larynx and 381 controls with diseases other than of the digestive or respiratory system and other than neoplasms. As have other investigators, the authors found a high risk associated with smoking as well as a risk associated with alcohol ingestion. In addition, the study found that males ingesting low amounts of vitamin A in their diet had approximately twice the risk of those ingesting large amounts. The same was true for vitamin C. All of these relationships were significant, and risk increased in dose-response fashion with decreases in ingestion of the above-mentioned dietary constituents. When the risks associated with vitamins A and C were examined controlling for smoking and drinking, the risk enhancement associated with low ingestion persisted. The findings on nutrients are consistent with results of studies on animals and tissue cultures. Nevertheless, the sparse epidemiologic replication, the difficulties with the methods, and the complexity of the field demand substantial further inquiry on these relationships.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Trends in the United States for the management of adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

Data from surveys conducted by the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons were examined to identify recent trends in the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. Between 1973 and 1978, the stage of disease at diagnosis for the total series changed little, but significant upgrading in the stage of disease at diagnosis for the black patients was observed. There was increasing use of a multimodality approach to treatment combining operation with radiotherapy. The use of chemotherapy alone or in combination with other therapies, while never widely used, declined during the interval observed. Significant changes occurred in the type of operations performed for carcinoma in the upper two-thirds of the rectum. During this interval, abdominoperineal resection was increasingly being displaced by low anterior resection. The trend toward multimodality treatment and the use of effective sphincter preserving procedures represent significant changes noted in this survey in the therapy of carcinoma of the rectum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Hospital-based cancer detection programs for the community.

Experimental screening programs have demonstrated the efficacy of screening procedures for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers but there has not been widespread application of such screening projects to programs suited to community health care facilities. Here, we illustrate how this may be accomplished by use of outpatient facilities, cancer screening clinics in hospitals, or periodic short-term community screening programs. The objective is cancer control through screening and detection programs characterized by application of demonstrated detection procedures, reliance on existing hospital resources, use of minimally invasive screening procedures, promotion targeted to high-risk groups, collaboration with community volunteer organizations, and emphasis on serving persons not already receiving such routine detection services. This paper presents results on the hospital monitoring of Pap smear screening of outpatients and the yield from experience with the community screening program. It also describes the various cancer control activities of an ongoing hospital-based cancer screening clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dietary risk factors in human bladder cancer.

Retrospective data on dietary habits, employment history and tobacco use were obtained from 569 bladder cancer patients and 1025 age-matched controls admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Sex-adjusted relative risks revealed increases in risk for lower levels of an index of vitamin A intake. A similar pattern of risk elevation was associated with infrequent milk and carrot intake. Some elevation of risk was found for heavy coffee drinking but the apparent protective effect for milk consumption was not found to be a spurious result of lower coffee intake. Neither was the role of vitamin A explained by its relationship with smoking or employment in high risk occupations. Some association of bladder cancer with infrequent consumption of cruciferous vegetables was also observed. The findings of this investigation are consistent with tumor inhibition by retinoids in animal studies and the low risk associated with vitamin A in epidemiologic studies of lung cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin A and lung cancer.

Retrospective dietary and smoking data were gathered by interview of 292 white male patients with lung cancer and 801 control patients with nonrespiratory, nonneoplastic diseases at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York. A computed index of vitamin A intake was used to differentiate lung cancer patients from controls. Lung cancer patients had lower values than did controls. The reduced relative risk (RR) of lung cancer associated with vitamin A was most evident among men who smoked heavily. For them, a dose-response relationship increasing to an RR of 2.4 for low values of the index was observed. Frequency of daily milk drinking was lower among patients with lung cancer. Lower RR was found among the men who smoked heavily and frequently consumed carrots. These findings are consistent with evidence from animal studies on inhibition of tumor incidence by retinoids and with previous findings in prospective and retrospective epidemiologic studies.

Diet↗