Mutagenicity of nitro- and amino-substituted carbazoles in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Ortho-aminonitro derivatives of 9H-carbazole.
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Carbazoles↗
Biomedical subjects
C Mercier
Publications and source records attributed to C Mercier.
Characterization of a dense granule antigen of Toxoplasma gondii (GRA6) associated to the network of the parasitophorous vacuole.
This work describes the molecular characterization of GRA6, a novel Toxoplasma gondii dense granule antigen of 32 kDa. cDNA clones encoding this protein were isolated using a rat serum directed against an HPLC fraction enriched in the protein GRA5. Cross-reactivity between GRA5 and GRA6 was demonstrated by production of sera against the recombinant GRA5 protein. A serum against a recombinant fragment of GRA6 which does not react with GRA5 allowed the localization of this antigen at the subcellular level. GRA6 is detected in the dense granules of tachyzoites, and in the parasitophorous vacuole, closely associated to the network. The gene encoding GRA6 and its flanking regions were completely sequenced from cDNA and genomic inserts. Primer extension experiments demonstrated that the cap site of the GRA6 gene was located 37 bp upstream of the 5' end of the longest cDNA insert (1600 bp). The GRA6 gene potentially encodes a 230-amino-acid polypeptide, does not contain any introns and seems to be present as a single copy in the genome of T. gondii. The deduced polypeptide contains two hydrophobic regions with the characteristics of transmembrane domains. The N-terminal domain does not fit the classical feature of a signal peptide. The central hydrophobic domain is flanked by two hydrophilic domains which contain four blocks of amino acids homologous to the GRA5 protein. The C-terminal hydrophilic region comprises 24% of glycine residues, which may indicate a structural role for GRA6 in the network.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[French epidemiological survey of burns in children under 5 years of age].
AIMS: To add to epidemiological data concerning serious accidents in the home in France. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study, carried out over 12 months, included all children with burns admitted to 14 burn units (BU) and 18 pediatric surgery units (PS) using a questionnaire from the SFETB comprising 20 items. RESULTS: On population 0 to 60 months, 687 patients were included (434 in BU, 253 in PS). Descriptive analysis and correlation of several parameters identified patterns of burns in childhood and the factors of severity. Victim data: young boys (59.3%), aged < 36 months (mean = 24 months), burned at home, in the kitchen (62.4%) with hot fluids (73%), or bathroom (16.2%) with tap water by immersion. Flames were cause of burns (8.7%) by inflammable products. Lesions were always more severe in surface and risk of mortality was higher. Burns covered a surface equal or less than 10% in 57% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The value of the study was to be more aware of the dangers of which children are exposed and to encourage application of preventive measures.
Age Factors↗
Cellular and humoral immune responses to recombinant antigens in sheep infected with Toxoplasma gondii.
Immune responses to recombinant fragments of the Toxoplasma gondii antigens ROP2 and GRA2 were investigated in sheep naturally and experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts. Specific serum antibodies to C-terminal fragments were detected by ELISA. Cell-mediated responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were demonstrated by proliferation and interferon-gamma production following in vitro stimulation with the ROP2 fragment. This data indicates the presence of epitopes for sheep B cells in the recombinant GRA2 fragment and for both B and T cells in the ROP2 fragment.
Animals↗
[Mental health policies and the transfer of services to the community].
In this article, the mental health policy is viewed as a pivotal element of the "psychiatric services" reform which began in Québec in the seventies. The authors advance the hypothesis that the community approach has played a fundamental role in developing the reform and that it has itself undergone deep changes. As a result, the policy's and the reform's effects are discussed from two angles, namely that of the communitization of services and that of the direction taken by the community approach during the reform process.
Community Mental Health Services↗
Safe food manufacturing.
Food safety is a growing preoccupation of the health authorities and the major food companies in any European country. All the aspects of food manufacturing, from the raw materials until the product is consumed have to insure they are innoxious to human health, eliminate any harmful effects related either to food handling or consumption in domestic or common eating places, as well as protect, as much as possible, our environment. Thus, the food manufacturer has to examine step-by-step the security of the agro-cultures, their composition, but also the possible residues of pollutants and contaminants, or chemicals used to protect them against various pests and determine the possible loss or retention of these substances during technological processes. Animal raw materials should not contain veterinary drug residues or an abnormal amount of some components that result from inadequate feeding. Care should be taken to ensure the security of foods manufactured by biotechnology processes. The organisms and the whole processes used in food biotechnologies should eliminate any impurities. Any minor food ingredients, such as food additives, are under a permanent revision from the point of view of their safety. The industry reacts immediately if any justification requires that a particular food additive should not be used. In other words all the raw materials must conform to their specifications. Technological processes must create a food with an adequate microbiological quality, e.g. free of pathogens and their toxic metabolites. Any danger of microbiological contamination or accidental pollution, such as mechanical particles, chemical substances, etc. should be eliminated. The particular role of food packaging is crucial, since this is a barrier to protect the food against further parasites or microbial contamination and preserve the food from alterations due to enzymatic reactions that require particular oxygen and water activity conditions. The packaging should also protect against possible criminal damage. In addition, the material of packaging should not allow micro-migration to the food. It should be inert against its food content. Another aspect of food packaging that has to be taken into account is its recovery and recyclability. Finally, the food manufacturer has to ensure that the nutritional value of the product does not diminish through its shelf-life. The consumer should be advised about the effects of culinary practices since some of them, such as deep frying or grilling under certain circumstances, may create undesirable substances potentially harmful to human health. The food manufacturing in the context of the environment protection requires a separate issue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Consumer Product Safety↗
Mental health policy in Quebec: challenges for an integrated system.
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Canada↗
"Subjective quality of life": clinical model for assessment of rehabilitation treatment in psychiatry.
The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive model in order to approach the structure of the concept of subjective quality of life. A total of 188 Belgian subjects took part in the present study: 148 psychiatric out-patients and 40 normal controls. The principal component analysis used as a statistical method revealed three significant factors for the model: a first one called "hedonist factor" with a high level of interdependencies and subjective satisfaction, a second one called "achievement factor" and a third one called "conformity factor". Contrary to the hypothesis of the Social Indicators movement, it appeared that items related to the objective satisfaction of needs were not related to items of the subjective quality of life, as defined by the international literature.
Adult↗
Tantalum-Dacron coknit stent for endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms: a preliminary experimental study.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of intraluminal tantalum-Dacron coknit stents for the treatment of artificial aortic aneurysms in minipigs. METHODS: Replacement of the infrarenal abdominal aorta with Dacron artificial aneurysm graft was performed in eight minipigs. After 2 weeks, balloon-expandable coknit stents were inserted through the femoral artery to the site of the artificial aneurysm in seven minipigs. One animal was kept as a control. Coknit stent/artificial aneurysm complexes were explanted at various intervals from 24 hours to 12 weeks and underwent gross examination, followed by scanning electron and light microscopy studies. RESULTS: Aortography performed at the time of stent placement displayed immediate exclusion of the aneurysm in every case. In follow-up studies, all coknit stents remained patent until the time of explant. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed apparent endothelialization of the entire coknit stent lumen at and after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: Tantalum-Dacron coknit stents are efficient in the treatment of artificially created aneurysms in minipigs and facilitate the creation of an endothelialized new vascular wall. Clinical application of this coknit stent can be considered but necessitates retaining the same stent structure in diameters greater than 20 mm and the development of a suitable delivery system.
Animals↗
Coxiella burnetii infection of pseudoaneurysm of an aortic bypass graft with contiguous vertebral osteomyelitis.
We report the case of a 67-year-old man who had an infection of a pseudoaneurysm of an aortic graft with contiguous vertebral osteomyelitis. The infectious organism was identified as Coxiella burnetii, a strict intracellular pathogen causing Q fever infection in humans. The patient was treated successfully with removal of the infected material in conjunction with extraanatomic bypass and specific antibiotic therapy. He is doing well after more than 3 years, with no evidence of recurrent periaortic infection on successive computed tomographic scans. We suspect that C. burnetii vascular graft infections could be underdiagnosed, because this cause is not frequently evoked. We suggest that extending the etiologic search to C. burnetii could decrease the number of undocumented vascular graft infections.
Aged↗
A latent variable causal model of the quality of life and community tenure of psychotic patients.
Services are intended to maintain patients in the community while improving the quality of their lives. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which psychiatric patients' diagnoses, levels of autonomy, objective living conditions and degree of service utilization are associated with their perceived quality of life and, in turn, community tenure. A latent variable causal model was developed and tested using data from 152 schizophrenic and affective psychotic patients. Information was obtained using a semistructured interview, a quality of life scale, ratings on the Global Assessment Scale and patient hospital records. Results indicate that greater autonomy is significantly associated with greater perceived quality of life and that greater quality-of-life ratings are associated with greater community tenure.
Activities of Daily Living↗
A thirty-year retrospective study of hospitalization among severely mentally ill patients.
This study examines the effects of deinstitutionalization policies on psychiatric hospitalization rates over a thirty-year period. It is based on a retrospective study of successive hospitalizations in severely disabled patients. The data indicate that in any five-year period these patients still spend over 20% of their time in hospital. For patients who have stayed for a total of more than one year every five years in hospital, the average length of stay has been decreasing far less rapidly in the last fifteen years than it had previously. Patients who were first admitted after 1971 spent proportionally as much time in hospital as those whose first stay was earlier. These results show that the groups primarily affected by deinstitutionalization are those who were first hospitalized prior to the 1970s and those who are the heaviest hospital users. However, the data from the patients admitted since the seventies seem to reveal that the process of change may have reached its limits.
Adolescent↗
[Surgical approach of the petrous vertical segment and upper cervical internal carotid].
The main obstacle to successful management of aneurysms involving the high cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) is to obtain an adequate exposure. In this report we describe our experience in 5 patients presenting carotid aneurysms at the skull base, intermediately below the carotid foramen. Exposure is achieved in two stages. The cervical stage consists in resection of the styloid processes and muscles followed by anterior displacement of the mandibular condyle. This exposes the vertical segment of the petrous ICA. The petrous stage consists in partial petrectomy exposing the jugular bulb and the third segment of the facial nerve. Using this route, the vertical intrapetrous segment of the ICA can be drilled away without damaging the middle ear. In our series, no vascular complications occurred. Damage involving the facial glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves is discussed. This approach appears to be a suitable alternative to the conventional infratemporal approach which sacrifices the middle ear.
Adolescent↗
[Researchers: at the interstices of institutional and community levels].
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Community Mental Health Services↗
[Anesthetic problems and postoperative care in the surgery for scoliosis].
Scoliosis surgery in the adolescent is prolonged, painful and haemorrhagic. There are neurological risks and surveillance of the medulla is necessary throughout surgery. An anterior (Dwyer, Zielke) or posterior (Harrington, Cotrel-Dubousset, Luque) approach to the spinal column cas used. Surgery using a posterior approach is the more haemorrhagic. The haemorrhage is increased by poor positioning of the patient, by the duration of surgery and by taking the bone graft. Constant care should be given to blood economy, using controlled hypotension, haemodilution and peroperative autotransfusion of lost blood (Cell-Saver). The anaesthetic should provide excellent analgesic effects and must be compatible with regain of consciousness during surgery and/or or the use of evoked potential techniques. Complications at that time are those of the circulation and those of neurological origin and linked with hypothermia. In the presence of haemorrhage, the maintenance of total blood volume is difficult when there is cardiopathy (myopathy). Neurological complications should be detected sufficiently early for them to be reversible (sensori-motor evoked potentials and/or "wake-up test"). Hypothermia is constant and requires the systematic use of a heated mattress, a heated humidifier and the heating of infusions. The postoperative complications are respiratory in origin and are especially associated with neuro-muscular disease (postoperative artificial ventilation). The per- and postoperative difficulties demonstrate the importance of the preoperative examination and of the preparation of the operation (respiratory preparation). Finally, staged autotransfusion should be used, when possible, and should be part of the techniques of blood economy in a true transfusion strategy.
Anesthesia, General↗
[Subclavian vein thrombosis: surgical treatment].
Subclavian vein thromboses are relatively uncommon and presents therapeutical problems related to their etiology and the clinical consequences. Although primary thromboses are frequently opposed to secondary thromboses (particularly after catheters) they are frequently intermingled. Decision for surgery should be based on anatomical features, mechanisms of thrombosis and their clinical consequences.
Algorithms↗
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril on hemodynamics, arterial structure, and wall rheology in the hindquarters of atherosclerotic mini-pigs.
The effects of ACE inhibition with perindopril on the atherosclerosis-induced impairment of arterial flow were investigated via histopathologic studies, hemodynamics, and vascular rheology of hindlimb arteries in 7 adult Pitman-Moore mini-pigs (7 months of age) fed for 4 months with an atherogenic diet and perindopril (at the daily oral dose of 4 mg, which induced a continuous 70% inhibition of serum ACE activity), versus 7 atherogenic and 7 control animals. Major fibroproliferative fatty lesions with medial intimalization were observed in the abdominal aorta. Atherosclerosis impaired the function of both capacitance and resistance hindlimb arteries. In atherogenic mini-pigs, blood pressure (BP) increased significantly due to increased hindlimb peripheral resistance (HPR) and aortic input impedance, although aortic blood flow was not affected. Altered aortic wall rheology revealed that the stiffness of the aorta was markedly increased due to increased wall tension and reduced viscoelasticity, the viscous component being reduced in the arterial wall. Perindopril significantly opposed these alterations by reducing BP, HPR and input impedance and by returning parietal stiffness to control values by increasing aortic compliance. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition significantly prevented the development of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta by decreasing the cross-sectional area of lesions and the presence of lipid-laden cells, as well as by preventing alteration and fragmentation of elastic laminae. In conclusion, ACE inhibition with perindopril showed a significant preventive action on atherosclerosis-induced deleterious effects on vascular wall function and structure in mini-pig arteries.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
Pure motor hemiparesis in a case of vertebrobasilar arterial ectasia.
A case of pure motor hemiparesis due to a pontine lacunar infarct is reported. Infarction was related to vertebrobasilar ectasia identified on CT, MRI and MR angiography. MR studies provide accurate information on anatomical location, residual lumen, partial thrombosis, mass effect on brain stem and CSF pathways and vascular complications.
Aged↗