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Biomedical subjects

C Mazzola

Publications and source records attributed to C Mazzola.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatment of hypertension in the elderly: effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and physical fitness.

The subjects were 36 hypertensive patients aged 61 to 79 years (mean, 66 years). After a placebo run-in period of one month, each patient was randomly assigned to two months of treatment with 100 mg of metoprolol, 50 mg of captopril, or 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide plus 2.5 mg of amiloride daily, or placebo. The doses were doubled if diastolic pressure was above 95 mm Hg after one month of treatment. Blood pressure, heart rate, and physical fitness (endurance during a standard cycle ergometer exercise) were measured and side effects assessed after each two-month treatment period. Mean blood pressures were significantly lower after treatment with metoprolol (154/92 mm Hg), captopril (157/92 mm Hg), and hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride (152/91 mm Hg) than after placebo (170/101 mm Hg). Heart rate was significantly lower after treatment with metoprolol (64 beats/minute) than after placebo (77 beats/minute). Exercise endurance was lower after treatment with metoprolol (498 seconds) and hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride (519 seconds) than after placebo (529 seconds) and higher after captopril (541 seconds). More patients reached the target exercise work load after captopril than after the other treatments. No patients withdrew from treatment because of side effects or abnormal laboratory test results. All three active treatments benefited the elderly hypertensive patients and did not lower their physical fitness. Captopril appeared to be more effective than the other two treatments.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the effects on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy of lacidipine and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients.

We evaluated the effects of lacidipine and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure and left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients of mild-to-moderate degree. Both antihypertensive agents significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure without relevant symptoms and signs of reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Posterior wall and interventricular septal thickness and the left ventricular mass were significantly decreased by lacidipine and hydrochlorothiazide after 3 and 6 months of treatment without clinical symptoms of reduced cardiac function.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

Antihypertensive efficacy and influence on physical activity of three different treatments in elderly hypertensive patients.

The antihypertensive efficacy and subjective and physical tolerability of three different pharmacological treatments (metoprolol, captopril and the combination of hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride) were compared with placebo in 36 elderly hypertensives (aged 61-79 years), according to a Latin-square double-blind design. The placebo and the active treatments were administered for 2 months. Seated blood pressure was significantly reduced by all the pharmacological treatments compared with placebo, but only metoprolol significantly reduced the heart rate. No haematological or biochemical changes were observed during the study. Physical fitness, evaluated as endurance in a standard cycle ergometer exercise test, was slightly decreased after the treatment with metoprolol and the diuretic combination and slightly improved after treatment with captopril. Subjective tolerability, evaluated by a check-list of symptoms, was better during the active therapies, and in particular during the captopril treatment, than during the placebo treatment. Our results indicate that all three active treatment regimens significantly reduce blood pressure in elderly hypertensives and that captopril appears slightly better tolerated physically and subjectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Decreased cardiopulmonary reflexes with aging in normotensive humans.

Arterial baroreflex is impaired in the normotensive elderly. However, no information is available on the effects of aging on another major reflex mechanism of cardiovascular control, i.e., cardiopulmonary reflex. Three groups of normotensive subjects divided according to age were evaluated during leg raising, which increased central venous pressure, and during lower body negative pressures, which reduced central venous pressure without altering blood pressure and heart rate. These maneuvers stimulated and deactivated cardiopulmonary receptors with only little involvement of arterial baroreceptors. During lower body negative pressures, central venous pressure decreased similarly in three groups, but reflex increases in forearm vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, and plasma renin activity were smaller in elderly than in middle-aged and young subjects. Furthermore, during leg raising, comparable increases in central venous pressure caused reflex vascular and humoral responses that were smaller in elderly than in middle-aged and young subjects. Elderly subjects had smaller changes in left ventricular diameter in response to changes in central venous pressure. Blood pressure and vascular responses to cold pressor test were similar in the three groups, excluding a hyporeactivity of older subjects to neural stimuli. Thus aging is associated with an impairment of the cardiopulmonary reflex. This may originate from an impaired ability of cardiac receptors to sense alterations in central blood volume because of an age-dependent reduction in cardiac compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Doxazosin versus atenolol: a randomized comparison of calculated coronary heart disease risk reduction.

Doxazosin is a selective alpha 1-inhibitor for the reduction of calculated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in hypertensive patients. Atenolol, although a widely used beta-blocker, appears to adversely affect blood lipids by increasing triglycerides and decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The aim of our study was to compare doxazosin and atenolol for their therapeutic efficacy in reducing CHD risk (decrease in blood pressure and effect on lipid distribution) and toleration. Patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension were randomized into two groups of 20 patients to receive once-daily atenolol (100 mg) or doxazosin (2 to 8 mg) for 8 weeks. Doxazosin was as effective as atenolol in reducing supine and standing blood pressure. Unlike atenolol, doxazosin did not produce a marked bradycardia. Doxazosin therapy produced favorable modifications in plasma lipid profiles by decreasing triglycerides and total cholesterol and by increasing HDL cholesterol and HDL/total cholesterol ratio. A reverse in this lipid profile was seen with atenolol. Therefore doxazosin may reduce calculated CHD risk more effectively than atenolol, based on the Framingham equation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effects of ageing on the cardiopulmonary receptor reflex in normotensive humans.

This study examined the effects of ageing on the cardiopulmonary receptor regulation of vasomotor tone in skeletal muscle and renin release by the kidney. To this end, the changes in forearm vascular resistance (mean arterial pressure divided by plethysmographically measured forearm blood flow), plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity were measured in eight young (23 +/- 2 years, mean +/- s.e.m.) and seven elderly healthy subjects (69 +/- 2 years) during manoeuvres which altered cardiopulmonary receptor activity. The cardiopulmonary receptors were stimulated by increasing central venous pressure through passive leg-raising and deactivated by reducing central venous pressure through non-hypotensive (-15 mmHg) and hypotensive (-40 mmHg) levels of lower body negative pressure. During either manoeuvre, central venous pressure changed by the same amount in both groups, but the reflex changes in forearm vascular resistance, plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin activity were significantly less in elderly subjects. Since the increase in forearm vascular resistance induced by a cold pressor test was comparable in young and elderly subjects, a non-specific depression of cardiovascular responsiveness to neural stimuli can be excluded. Thus, healthy normotensive elderly subjects show an impairment of both vascular and neurohumoral influences exerted by cardiopulmonary receptors. This may be involved in the decreased ability of the elderly to cope with gravity challenges.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of slow-release nicardipine.

The antihypertensive efficacy, the hemodynamic effects and the tolerability of a new slow-release nicardipine (SR-Nic) formulation, capsules containing 40 mg of active drug, have been tested in a randomized, double-blind placebo (P)-controlled study. Thirty mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives were enrolled and after a one-week single-blind placebo run-in period randomly allocated to SR-Nic or P twice-day for six weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated non-invasively by the impedance cardiography technique, using the Noninvasive Continuous Cardiac Output Monitor (NNCOM 3, BoMed Medical Manufacturing Ltd), after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. All the determinations were made before the morning administration, i.e., 12-14 h after evening intake of SR-Nic or P. The blood pressure (p less than .01) and hemodynamic response (p less than .01 for the systemic vascular resistances) in the SR-Nic group significantly differed from those in the P group. At the end of the study, there were decreases in mean systolic/diastolic BP values of 17/12 in the sitting and of 18/12 mmHg in the standing position in the SR-Nic group; in the P group, the changes were +2/-2 in the sitting and +2/-1 mmHg in the standing position. Systemic vascular resistances were reduced by 17.3% in the SR-Nic and by 1.9% in the P group after 4 weeks of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1988

Effects of ibopamine in combination with furosemide on renal function in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

The effects of ibopamine and furosemide on renal function given alone and in combination at single doses were studied in 6 men and 6 women aged 45 to 73 years with chronic congestive heart failure of NYHA class II. After 3 days of dietary stabilization, the patients received either ibopamine 200 mg, furosemide 40 mg, or furosemide 40 mg plus ibopamine 200 mg with 2-day washout between treatments, according to a double-blind, balanced three-way crossover design using all possible treatment sequences. On each treatment day urine collections were performed at 2-hourly intervals from 2 h before to 6 h after dosing, and urine volume and Na+, K+, Cl-, and creatinine concentrations were measured for every period. The patients received a standardized breakfast 3 h before treatment and then were allowed 250 ml tap water to drink before starting each urine collection period. Venous blood samples were taken before breakfast and midway between each urine collection period for analysis of serum Na+, K+, Cl-, creatinine, and glucose. Heart rate, blood pressure, and physical signs were recorded 2, 1 h, immediately before, and then 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after treatment. At the same times the patients were asked for any symptoms. The time course of the diuretic effect of furosemide 40 mg was consistent with the data reported by other authors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Double-blind comparison of once-daily bopindolol and atenolol for mild-to-moderate hypertension.

In order to compare the medium term antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerability of atenolol with those of bopindolol (LT 31-200), a new non-selective beta-blocker with slight PAA (partial agonist activity), a randomized double-blind study was performed. Thirty-one outpatients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (WHO stage I-II) were enrolled and after a placebo run-in randomly allocated to bopindolol (1 to 4 mg/day) or atenolol (50 to 200 mg/day). The dose was titrated according to the individual pressor responses, and thereafter it was kept constant until the end of the treatment (12 weeks). Both drugs induced statistically significant decreases in SBP, DBP and HR, both in resting conditions and during an ergometric test. Accordingly, most patients achieved the main goal of the therapy, i.e., supDBP less than or equal to 90 mmHg, 11/15 (74%) with bopindolol versus 8/13 (62%) with atenolol. There were no significant differences between the effects of the two compounds. Resting airway resistance (expressed as Peak Expiratory Flow) was not influenced by the treatments. The antihypertensive efficacy was still evident after 12 months in 8 patients who were evaluated for non-comparative long-term effectiveness of bopindolol monotherapy, and improvements in plasma lipid profiles were also observed. Side effects were relatively mild and transient, with two patients in the atenolol group discontinuing therapy (one for inefficacy and one because of undesirable reactions) and one dropped out in the bopindolol group (late evidence of not fulfilling inclusion criteria).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

[Iron salts].

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Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of urapidil and metoprolol in hypertension.

The hypertensive effect of urapidil, a new antihypertensive agent that acts via central and peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors, has been compared with that of metoprolol in 40 patients with mild essential hypertension. Blood pressure was significantly reduced by both drugs, while the heart rate was reduced only after metoprolol. The increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate caused by three progressive work loads of bicycle exercise were not affected during urapidil, whereas both were reduced by metoprolol. A slight reduction in forced expiratory volume was observed in some patients during treatment with the beta-blocker. There was no case of orthostatic hypotension during urapidil administration, despite its alpha1-blocking action. Side-effects were rare and negligible with both drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Timoptol].

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Glaucoma↗
PubMed1985

A single blind comparison of dihydroergotoxine mesilate and clonidine for treatment of hypertensive emergencies.

The effectiveness and safety of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHT) and clonidine (CLO) as acute antihypertensive treatments were studied in a single-blind randomized controlled study of 28 patients hospitalized after abrupt increases in mean blood pressure (MAP) to more than 150 mmHg, with concomitant symptoms related to hypertensive status (16 patients). Intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg DHT significantly reduced both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure from 227 +/- 2/128 +/- 2 mmHg to 160 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 mmHg by 1 hour after the onset of infusion (p less than 0.01). In patients given CLO, BP values fell from 221 +/- 3/123 +/- 3 mmHg to 166 +/- 5/95 +/- 3 mmHg after 150 minutes. After that BP values did not change significantly up to 6 hours after both treatments. One hour after the onset of infusion, mean heart-rate (HR) had decreased by 15 beats/min in the DHT group and by 10 beats/min in the CLO-group. Twenty-one per cent of the patients given DHT and 78% of the patients given CLO complained of mild or moderate side-effects. The results of this study showed that DHT is an effective and well tolerated agent for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies and can be used safely even when continuous monitoring of blood pressure cannot be carried out.

Aged↗