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Biomedical subjects

C Maurage

Publications and source records attributed to C Maurage.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Effect of constant rate enteral nutrition on gastrin secretion in children (author's transl)]].

The aim of this work was to study gastrin secretion in children receiving constant rate enteral nutrition (CREN) then avoiding intermittent stimulation induced by meals. Induced hypergastrinemia was performed in 12 children during CREN and compared with that in 8 children with intermittent oral feeding as a control group. Before stimulation by protein load there was no significant difference between the 2 groups; 20 minutes after stimulation, there was no change in the serum gastrin concentration in the CREN group, but a dramatic increase in the control group. The hypothetic role of gastrin and/or intestinal factors is advanced to explain the inhibition of gastrin secretory response during CREN. A progressive substitution from continuous to discontinuous intakes is suggested to avoid weaning complications of this nutritional technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Neonatal primary chronic adynamic bowel (author's transl)].

Three cases of a primary disorder of intestinal motility which was responsible for neonatal functional intestinal obstruction are reported. This serious condition affected the small intestine and the colon and was difficult to treat. Early operation and prolonged intravenous alimentation was necessary. It is distinct from Hirschsprung's disease because of the presence of ganglion cells and because of the abnormalities of the myenteric plexus on silver staining. However the clinical symptoms and the decreased intraparietal cell V.I.P. concentration in pathological areas are similar in both conditions.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiologic study of 850 children with burns requiring hospitalization].

This study concerns 850 cases of burns in children. It showed the predominance of burns in boys between the ages of one and 3 years. Most domestic accidents (96.5%) were due to boiling water (55.9%), the second cause was burns due to a flame (11.7%). Most accidents arrived at meal times. The area of burnt skin was as follows:--in 222 cases, less than 5%;--in 365 cases, between 5 and ten percent;--in 152 cases, bwtween 10 and 25%;--in 111 cases, more than 25%.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diet, length of gestation, and fecal short chain fatty acids in healthy premature neonates.

BACKGROUND: Excretion of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may indicate changes in colonic or colonocyte metabolism. The aim of this study was to detect the influence of gestational age and feeding practices on SCFA concentrations and profiles in healthy preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 198 fecal samples (28 infants) were collected from 8 to 21 days of age from 3 groups of preterm infants born at 33 to 37 weeks of gestation and fed either breast milk (group I) or Nutramigen, a lactose-free formula (group II), and extremely preterm infants born before 33 weeks of gestation and fed breast milk (group III). Total SCFA concentrations and SCFA profiles were analyzed using a gas chromographic (GC) procedure. RESULTS: Total fecal SCFA excretion did not differ significantly between group I (mean, 24.0 micromol/g; range, 1.3 to 118.8 micromol/g) and group II (mean, 23.0 micromol/g; range, 3.0 to 73.3 micromol/g). Conversely, differences occurred between SCFA profiles and became significant after day 17. The main differences were a significant increase in the butyric acid concentration (12% versus 30%) with group II. Compared with group I, fecal SCFA concentrations were 3.2-fold lower (7.4 micromol/g; range, 0.3 to 37.4 micromol/g) in group III with no significant changes in the profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal SCFA excretion may vary in absence of any digestive disease. During this study, in terms of gestational age, total SCFA concentrations were significantly lower in extremely premature infants compared with infants born less premature, despite their known higher deficiency in intestinal lactase activity. In terms of diet, the absence of lactose did not lead to a decrease in colonic fermentation and induced changes in SCFA patterns. These new baseline data may offer clues to further development of milk formulas.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fecal short-chain fatty acids predict digestive disorders in premature infants.

BACKGROUND: Excretion of fecal short-chain volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) may indicate changes in colonic or colonocyte metabolism. The aim of this study was to detect the existence of an average fecal SCFA profile and to define which changes were associated with clinical events that occurred during the survey period. METHODS: SCFA profiles of 185 stool samples collected from 46 fed preterm neonates (mean birth weight, 1920 g; mean gestational age, 32.8 weeks) were evaluated and their association with digestive disorders or therapy was explored. RESULTS: Total SCFA concentration increased from 0 to 80 micromol/g feces wet weight over the first 20 days of life. A basic SCFA profile revealed the existence of a highly sensitive period between the second and the third week of life. In the absence of any digestive problem (n = 15), the butyric acid (C4) ratio increased from 7% to 24%. Phototherapy (n = 13) enhanced the SCFA concentration but decreased the ratios of C4 and minor acids. Digestive disorders reported included abdominal distention (n = 6) or bleeding (n = 8). Only in the case of bleeding was the SCFA profile changed by an enhancement of C4 by >50%. Antibiotic therapy (n = 3) suppressed SCFA production. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports a hypothesis that changes in the SCFA profile could offer a noninvasive method to anticipate functional modifications of the gastrointestinal tract before the first clinical signs of pathologic events, including necrotizing enterocolitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Burns in children: 10-year experience of the Pediatric Surgical Service of Tours (apropos of 850 cases)].

The records of 850 children hospitalized during a 10 years period (1965--1975) in the surgical pediatric unit shows: --A greater frequency of male over female children in all age groups of the study (64.4 p. 100). --A predominance of the 1--3 year age group over the other age group (46.3 p. 100). --A greater frequency of male over female children in all age groups of the scaldings were predominant (55.9. 100), flameburns (11.7 p. 100). Most burn accidents occurred at meal-time and during week-end and holidays. According to the burned area was as follows: 5 p. 100 = 214 cases; 5 a 10 p. 100 = 340 cases; 10 a 25 p. 100 = 142 cases; exceeding 15 p. 100 = 102 cases. 283 children had suffered some complications. Infection was most prevalent. The frequency of gastro-intestinal was lessened by continuous feeding and systematic sulpiride prescription (12 gastro-intestinal hemorragie). Of the 26 fatalities (2.7 p. 100 of hospitalized children) infection was listed as the cause of death for 14 cases. For 10 of them no cause was definitevely elicited. All (26 children) were burned over 25 p. 100, 15 area exceeding 40 p. 100. Mean of hospitalisation times was 30.8 days (63.6 days for burns exceeding 25 p. 100 area). Result in 392 children followed up burns shows high disability: 11.2 p. 100 functional disabilities and 27.7 p. 100 esthetic disabilities which are being treated by plastic surgery.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extensive small intestinal resection in newborn infants].

This retrospective study analyzes the management of 83 infants who had undergone extensive small bowel resection as newborns between 1970 and 1987. Resection was performed for atresia (n = 34), volvulus (n = 21), laparoschisis (n = 10), vascular enteropathy (n = 10) and other disorders in 8 cases. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (33 children) has less than 40 cm and Group II (50 children) 40-80 cm of residual small bowel respectively. Survival depended on the length of residual small bowel (Group I: 63.6%, Group II: 92%) and on their date of birth (born before 1980: 65%, after 1980: 95%). The time required for acquisition of intestinal autonomy depended on the intestinal length (average time, 29.5 months for Group I and 14 months for Group II) and especially on the presence of the ileocecal valve. The residual ileal and/or colon length also influenced adaptation. Artificial parenteral and/or enteral nutrition ensured normal height/weight increases. Home parenteral nutrition allowed children to be returned to their families during intestinal adaptation.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[First urinary infection in infants aged less than 3 months. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects from 44 cases].

While studying retrospectively 44 cases in infants less than 3 months with urinary tract infection, clinical, bacteriological and radiological aspects have been analyzed. Clinical symptomatology were chiefly fever and digestive symptoms (anorexia, vomiting) associated with poor weight gain. Among the causative bacteria, E. coli was the most frequent (88%) with ampicillin resistance in 26% of them. Diagnosis difficulties associated with urine collection with a bag, frequently contaminated, have to be emphasized. It is therefore necessary, except in case of emergency to repeat urine collection before treatment. Among 35 infants investigated radiologically, the urinary tract was abnormal in 46% (48% boys and 40% girls). The localization of the abnormality was upper in 16% and lower (reflux) in 43%. Ampicillin alone or associated with an aminoglycoside was the most common treatment (33 cases). Urine sterilization has always been obtained.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disturbances of chemotaxis in protein-calorie malnutrition (author's transl)].

A study of specific and non-specific immune functions was performed in 14 children presenting with severe malnutrition, before and after parenteral hyperalimentation by central catheter. Anomalies of cellular functions (reduction of the percentage of E rosettes and deficient proliferation with mitogens) were rarely found. Measurements for serum immunoglobulins did not show any anomaly; however reduced percentages of EAC rosettes and important increase in "null" cells were found in about one third of the cases. The main finding was a decreased serum chemotactic activity following activation of the classic complement pathway. This was found in 12 children and returned to normal values in all cases after hyperalimentation.

Chemotactic Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Xanthic lithiasis in the child. A study of one case. Review of the literature (author's transl)].

Seeking medical help because of an acute urinary retention, a 3-year-old child showed at intravenous urography (IVU) multiple radiotransparent lithiases. Hypouricemia suggested a diagnosis of xanthuria. The problems of this condition due to a congenital deficiency in xanthine oxydase are studied in a review of the literature. 56 xanthic lithiases have been published and since the work of Dent and Philpot, 28 xanthinurias have been reported.

Child, Preschool↗