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C Martinez

Publications and source records attributed to C Martinez.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

A study of the relation of exposure to quinolones and suicidal behaviour.

AIMS: To investigate the concern, raised by spontaneous reports received by the German regulatory authorities, that use of quinolone antibiotics may increase the risk for suicide and other suicidal behaviours. METHODS: We carried out a nested case-control study using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). We compared the risk of suicidal behaviours among users of quinolones, other antibiotics and no antibiotics. RESULTS: From January 1, 1991 through April 30, 1995 we identified 348 cases of suicide, attempted suicide, or suicidal ideation and 808 controls. Compared with controls, cases who had received a prescription for a quinolone in the 30 days prior to the event had an adjusted relative risk (RR) estimate of 1.5 (95% CI 0.4-6.3) for any suicidal behaviour. Cases who had filled a prescription for a quinolone in the 31 to 180 days prior to their event had an adjusted RR estimate of 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.7) compared with controls. Cases who used other antibiotics in the 30 days prior to the event conferred an adjusted RR estimate of 1.1 (95% CI 0.6-2.2), and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6-1.3) for exposure in the 31 to 180 days prior to the event. The results were not materially different when suicide, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation were analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is no material increased risk of suicidal behaviours for use of quinolone antibiotics compared with non-use or use of other antibiotics.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of iron bioavailability in infant weaning foods fortified with haem concentrate.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional iron deficiency in infants over 4 months of age is one of the most common deficiency disorders. Dietary iron is comprised of non-haem and haem iron, the latter being absorbed by a separate pathway and more efficiently than non-haem iron. Fortification of infant weaning foods is one of the strategies adopted for preventing iron deficiency and the aim of this project was to examine the potential use of haem iron concentrate as a fortificant. METHODS: Sixteen non-anaemic 6-month old infants were recruited and allocated to two groups of 8. Each infant consumed 2 meals/day of a commercial weaning food (100 g) for 7 consecutive days containing 40 mg ascorbic acid and 2.5 mg haem iron/100 g (Group 1) or the same quantity of iron as ferrous sulphate plus 40 mg ascorbic acid (Group 2). Bioavailability was assessed by chemical balance using carmine to mark the beginning and end of the faecal collection. The effect of haem iron concentrate (as a candidate for the factor in meat that enhances iron absorption) was examined by measuring its effect on 57Fe-labelled non-haem iron absorption. RESULTS: There was no difference in iron balance between the two groups. Mean iron retention was 3.5 (SD 2.1) mg/day in Group 1 (haem iron) and 3.0 (SD 2.4) mg/day in Group 2 (ferrous sulphate). Haem concentrate did not enhance the absorption of 57Fe-labelled non-haem iron, Group 1: 1710 (SD 11.1)%, Group 2: 28.4 (SD 17.7)%. CONCLUSIONS: Haem iron concentrate appears to be a highly bioavailable form of iron when added to infant weaning foods. This protein is not, however, responsible for the enhancing effect of animal protein on non-haem iron absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of midazolam and metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography: probe of CYP3A.

Hydroxylation of midazolam (MDZ) is mediated almost exclusively by CYP3A isoforms. The authors describe a high-performance liquid chromatography assay involving MDZ, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, and 4-hydroxymidazolam in plasma. The compounds were eluted on an Ultrasphere ODS, 3-microm particle size, 7.5 cm x 4.6 mm reversed-phase column and monitored by ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. The composition of the mobile phase was 35.2% acetonitrile:4.8% methanol:60% buffer acetate (vol/vol/vol), 0.1 M, pH 4.7; the flow rate was 1 ml/minute. Calibration curves were linear (coefficients of correlation > 0.99) within the range of concentrations established (20 to 640 nM). Within- and between-day coefficients of variation were consistently better than 8%. The overall recovery was >90% and the lowest detectable concentration was 8 nM. This approach provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive assessment of MDZ and metabolites in plasma, with a very good accuracy and precision, which enables it as an in vivo marker of CYP3A activity in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The mouse (Mus musculus) immunoglobulin kappa variable (IGKV) genes and joining (IGKJ) segments.

The 'Mouse (Mus musculus) Immunoglobulin Kappa Variable (IGKV) Genes and Joining (IGKJ) Segments', third report of the 'IMGT Locus on Focus' section, comprises four tables entitled: (1) 'Mouse (Mus musculus) germline IGKV gene table'; (2) 'Correspondence between Mouse (Mus musculus) IMGT IGKV subgroups and previous designations'; (3) 'Mouse (Mus musculus) germline IGKJ table', and (4) 'Mouse (Mus musculus) IGKJ allele table'. These tables are available at the IMGT Marie-Paule page from IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http://imgt.cnusc.fr:8104) created by Marie-Paule Lefranc, CNRS, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Love styles among Guatemalans in a local village.

81 participants in a village in Guatemala were administered a translated version of the 1986 Love Attitudes Scale of Hendrick and Hendrick. Analysis showed that the men scored significantly higher on the Ludus love style than the women. Research among other Latinos outside the United States is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Suicide in depression, lost years of life and gross social consequences. What is the outcome of suicide prevention?].

In recent years there has been a tendency in research and clinical treatment to discuss also economic aspects of mental illness in the context of outcome and consequences of treatment for the individual and society. In our study on economic consequences of suicide prevention we could show that a reduction of suicide mortality of depressed patients could save money to the tune of thousands of million Deutschmark.

Cost Savings↗
PubMed1997

Functional characterization and mRNA expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) type I receptors in rat peritoneal macrophages.

The present work characterizes the mRNA expression of PACAP type I receptors in rat peritoneal macrophages but not in peritoneal lymphocytes by both retrotranscriptase and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and homologous Southern hybridization and the stimulation by PACAP27, PACAP38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol production in rat peritoneal macrophage membranes. The binding of [125I]PACAP27 was time and cell concentration dependent. Scatchard analysis of displacement of the bound tracer by unlabeled PACAP27 indicates the existence of two classes of binding sites. The dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.64 +/- 0.08 nM and the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) was 8.85 +/- 1.45 fmol/10(6) cells for the high affinity binding site. The low affinity binding site had a Kd of 0.10 +/- 0.06 microM with a Bmax of 300 +/- 21.9 fmol/10(6) cells. Scatchard analysis of VIP displacement data indicated the presence of two classes of binding sites with a Kd and Bmax different to those of PACAP27. These results suggest that PACAP binds to two binding sites, PACAP type I receptors and PACAP type II receptors. The PACAP27-stimulated diacylglycerol production was not affected by treatment with pertussis toxin. However, the presence of GTP partially inhibited this PACAP27 stimulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in a dose dependent manner, although GTP alone stimulates diacylglycerol accumulation. In conclusion, for the first time we demonstrate by biochemical and molecular biology criteria the existence of PACAP type I receptors on rat peritoneal macrophages and the evidence for coupling with a pertussis toxin-insensitive G regulatory protein.

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
PubMed1997

[Endometrial resection for refractory menorrhagia. An alternative to hysterectomy].

ENDOMETRIAL RESECTION: Whether resection is total or partial, the superficial layer of the myometrium is exposed to a certain degree of damage. SEVERAL METHODS: Radiofrequency thermal resection, the standard method, offers the advantage of allowing histology examination. Other destructive methods have also been proposed including the more recent laser Ng-Yag ablation technique. INDICATION: Ideally, endometrial resection is indicated in women with a small uterus who develop drug resistant menometrorrhagia after the age of 40 years. MODERATE RATE OF SUCCESS: In a personal series of 105 patients who underwent radiofrequency thermal resection and with a mean follow-up of 15.5 +/- 6.6 months, results were in agreement with data reported in the literature: perforation of the uterus < 5%, hemorrhage < 1%, metabolic syndrome < 2%. Patients were entirely satisfied in 58% of the cases but secondary hysterectomy was required in 14%. PRECISE INDICATIONS: Despite the advantages over hysterectomy, endometrial resection should be reserved for selected patients in order to avoid an unsatisfactory high rate of failure.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1997

Successful autografting in chronic myelogenous leukaemia using Philadelphia negative blood progenitor cells mobilized with rHuG-CSF alone in a patient responding to alpha-interferon.

Several non-randomized studies suggest a possible survival advantage for chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) patients treated with an autologous stem-cell transplantation. Due to the possible contribution of residual leukaemic cells present in the inoculum in post-transplant relapse, several methods are being evaluated to eliminate neoplastic cells or to select 'normal' (Ph1 negative) progenitor cells for autografting. Recently, several studies have shown that Ph1 negative blood progenitor cells can be mobilized by rHuG-CSF alone in patients who have a cytogenetic response to alpha-interferon (IFN). We describe the first case, as far as we are aware, of a CML patient responding to IFN autografted by using blood progenitor cells collected by rHuG-CSF alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Limited capacity of neonatal rabbits to eliminate enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in newborn and young rabbits were studied. Rabbits of different ages (1-, 8-, 16-, and 30-day-old) were administered, by the intraperitoneal route (i.p.), a dose of 7.5 mg of either drug/kg. In 1-, 8-, and 16-day-old rabbits, blood samples were drawn by cardiac puncture, under light ether anaesthesia, at predetermined times after drug administration. In 30-day-old rabbits, serial blood samples were drawn through an arterial catheter. Plasma was immediately obtained and analysed using an HPLC method. ENR and CIP plasma protein binding was also determined. The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of ENR and CIP obtained for 30-day-old rabbits agreed with those reported in the literature for healthy adult rabbits. Nevertheless, significant differences were observed for the body clearance, the slope of the terminal phase, the volume of distribution, and the area under the curve when compared with those for younger animals (1-, 8-, and 16-day-old rabbits), indicating a limited capacity of neonatal rabbits to eliminate ENR and CIP. No differences were found when we compared the calculated values for ENR or CIP plasma protein binding as a function of the postnatal age, indicating that development does not seem to alter the free fraction of these drugs in the rabbit. Taking into account that extensive placental and milk transfer has been reported for these drugs after administration to pregnant or nursing rabbits, a cautious, attitude regarding their use in these animals must be adopted.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

A Native American community initiative to prevent diabetes.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the Mohawk Community of Akwesasne led to the formation of an advisory group who's mission was to increase community awareness and strengthen the infrastructure necessary to create a community coalition to promote healthy lifestyles. The methodology used to reach these goals included: obtaining an understanding of the community's knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about diabetes, diet and exercise using semi-structured interviews and focus groups; analyzing data from a case control study of diabetes and it complications using a medical record review; exploring methods for evaluating energy expenditure in children; and identifying influential community members and organizations. In the last 50 years people had become less physically active and high fat, high caloric foods were more available. Community members were concerned about health and the well-being of their children, had knowledge about healthy lifestyles but lacked confidence and social support for bringing about desired changes. A strong association was documented between diabetes, smoking cigarettes, high blood cholesterol and vascular disease in this community. Approximately 100 persons participated, several hundred received the results in presentations to 17 community organizations, two public fora, letters to participants and articles in local newspapers. Fifty persons and 29 businesses or organizations regarded as strong advocates of healthy lifestyles were identified. From these a community coalition was formed and has initiated programs to reduce dietary fat and increase physical activity in young children.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for B cell participation in the in vitro and in vivo maintenance of in vivo staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T cell anergy.

The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced T cell anergy are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cell anergy induced by SEB treatment is under partial B cell control. This effect is not mediated by anti-SEB antibodies or any in vitro B cell-produced suppresser factor. At day 13 after SEB immunization, T cells from B cell-deficient mice proliferate upon in vitro stimulation with SEB. These results suggest that SEB-induced T cell anergy is reversible and that B cells have an important function in anergy maintenance in CD4+ T cells, both in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cost effectiveness in the treatment of heart failure with ramipril. A Swedish substudy of the AIRE study. Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy.

We estimated the cost effectiveness of adding the ACE inhibitor ramipril to conventional treatment in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. These estimates were based on the Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) study and on complementary Swedish healthcare resource use data for a subset of patients. The average follow-up period was 15 months (minimum 6 months, maximum 3.8 years). The perspective of the analysis was that of the county councils (third-party payers), and we focused on the cost of drugs and hospitalisation. The marginal cost effectiveness of the treatment was estimated over 3 treatment periods: 1, 2 and 3.8 years. The cost-effectiveness ratios varied between SEK14,148 and SEK33,033 per life-year gained ($US1 = SEK7.70. Pounds 1 = SEK12.40) for the 3 treatment periods. Adding ramipril to conventional treatment for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction is therefore cost effective, and compares favourably with the cost effectiveness of other common medical therapies in the cardiovascular field.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1997

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: clinical and anatomopathological findings in 23 patients.

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is a type of Male Pseudohermaphroditism due to a defect in the androgen receptor which is a DNA-binding, transcription-regulating protein whose properties are induced on androgen binding. This defect is caused by mutations of a gene localized in Xq11-12. The objective of this study is the description of the clinical and pathological features of patients with female phenotype, karyotype 46, XY and diagnosis of CAIS. They were referred to Medical Genetic Unit of University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela, between 1971-1995. The diagnostic criteria and clinical and pathological findings are reviewed. Twenty-three patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. Most of patients were 13 years old or older (postpuberal). The main reasons for consultation were: primary amenorrhea, inguinal hernia, familial history of CAIS and fusion of labia minora. Seventeen patients from 5 families were diagnosed with CAIS and only one per family in 6 families. All patients showed a female general phenotype with unambiguously female external genitalia. Gonadal localization (right/left) was as follows: abdominal/abdominal: 65%; abdominal/inguinal: 26%; inguinal/abdominal: 9%. Histologic features of gonads were similar to those in cryptorchid testes of otherwise normal males. There was no evidence of development of gonadal neoplasia. The patients reported here provide a remarkable opportunity to study the molecular genetic characterization that can serve as a primary tool for diagnosis and subsequent therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Attitudes regarding molecular diagnosis in Mexican families at risk of inheriting Huntington's disease.

Fifty-eight, at-risk subjects were studied. 81% of the group wished to know whether they had inherited Huntington's disease, even though only 79% would undergo testing. The subjects reported a favorable attitude toward a probable positive result in 81% of cases. Nevertheless, 52% reported they would become depressed, and a small group referred suicidal ideation as response to a probable positive result. Regarding genetic counseling, 59% reported that an at-risk person should not have children, although this increased to 82% if the person knew with certainty that they would develop the disease. Prenatal testing was favored in 74%, and less than half would be willing to have an abortion. Genetic counseling must be insisted upon, the selection of at-risk subjects must be carefully made, and the characteristics of the Mexican population must be taken into account.

Adult↗