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Biomedical subjects

C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to C Martin.

At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preventive treatment with theophylline of apnea in premature infants: clinical, pharmokinetic and neurophysiological study].

Apnoea is a major problem in the neonatal paediatrics and its prevention is as important as the prevention of neonatal anoxia. The present study has three aims: 1. The strict evaluation of the results of therapy with Theophylline. 2. The determination of the pharmacokinetics of Theophylline and the establishment of the therapeutic protocol. 3. The study of the relationship between blood theophylline levels, apnoea and the states of sleep using prolonged polygraphic recordings.

Apnea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[General principles for the choice of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis (analysis of a consensus conference)].

A consensus conference on antibiotic prophylaxis in a surgical environment, organized in December, 1992 by the French Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Society, allows assessing the usefulness, safety, cost and indications of antibiotic prophylaxis by answering the major questions asked: Which surgery should benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis? What are the practical modalities of prescription? What are the reasons of the choice? What is the economic and environmental impact of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery?

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
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[The descriptive study of primary care in otorhinolaryngology].

A descriptive study was made of medical and surgical activity over a six-month period in an outpatient ENT clinic of Valladolid, Spain, serving a health district of 142,779 persons. Age, sex, type of consultation, symptoms, complementary studies, diagnosis, check-up, and surgical treatment were analyzed and correlated in 1170 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of erythrocyte polyamines as a predictive method in tumour diagnosis. An animal study with chemically induced tumours.

There have been numerous attempts in the past to use polyamine determinations in body fluids for tumour diagnosis. Since spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) are mainly transported in blood by erythrocytes, this study was concerned with the diagnostic possibilities of red blood cell (RBC) polyamine determinations. In tumour-grafted animals we observed that RBC polyamine levels correlated with the tumour mass progression and increased before the tumour was palpable. Discrepancies between the evolution of RBC polyamine levels in tumour-grafted animals and in cancer patients were probably due to the non-continuous growth of the tumours in patients. Therefore, an animal model was sought which mimicked the clinical situation. In the present experiments, ethylnitrosourea induced tumours were used which, in analogy to the clinical situation, had an undetermined time of the appearance in a non-predetermined proportion of the animals. RBC polyamines were determined over a period of 7 months in 154 rats. A total of 2,290 RBC polyamine determinations were performed during this study. The data clearly demonstrate the appearance of elevated Spd concentrations in advance of tumour diagnosis by conventional clinical methods. In 71% of the rats which later developed a tumour, abnormal Spd levels (> 40 nmol/8.109 RBC) preceded, by 35 +/- 31 days, the first clinical symptoms for the presence of a tumour. In 29% of the animals, abnormal RBC Spd concentrations were observed at the time of tumour diagnosis. Elevation of Spm concentrations (> 6 nmol/8.10(9) RBC) was less frequent. RBC polyamine levels did not allow discrimination between malignant and non malignant tumours. This confirms earlier findings that RBC polyamines are markers of the cell proliferation rate, but not for the presence of a malignant tumour. Elevated RBC polyamine concentrations are an index of the intensity of hyperplastic processes, which can be clinically used for the early detection of proliferative phases of tumours, thus allowing timely therapeutic measures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assisted evaluation scale of quality of life].

The TEAQV (Tableau d'évaluation assistée de qualité de vie) is an instrument designed to standardize the collection of quality of life data among patients with chronic psychiatric or somatic diseases. This instrument is a two-part. 7 point-scale (0 = extremely bad; 6 = excellent), self-rated quantitative evaluation of quality of life at different time points in 4 areas (physical and psychological well-being, family relationships, professional activity). The first part is a one time retrospective lifetime evaluation whereas the second part is a current state evaluation that can be prospectively repeated. Time points are determined by important periods during the illness or treatment course. This instrument is administered by a trained interviewer in 5 to 10 minutes. The TEAQV has been used in different populations. Correlation coefficients between TEAQV current state and conventional scales were studies. Among 26 lung and heart-lung transplant patients, the correlation coefficients between TEAQV and the Sickness Impact Profile are: physical: -.622; psychological: -.406. Among 18, treated, opioid dependent patients, the correlation coefficients between TEAQV and the Addiction Severity Index are: physical: -.548; psychological: -.763; social professional: -.747; family: -.341. Our early results with the TEAQV suggest that it is an easy to use and beneficial instrument to assess quality of life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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[Descriptive studies of the use of the Addiction Severity Index in France].

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is an instrument that provides, in a 45-minutes semi-structured interview, a multidimensional assessment of substance abuse patients. It was designed in 1980 by A.T. McLellan et al., from Philadelphia PA, in North-America and introduced in France by our group in 1990. Over the past five years we have used it in different substance abuse populations including alcohol users. The goal of this paper is to review the adaptation procedure into French context and to present ASI data from different substance abuse sub-groups: opioïd dependent subjects seeking treatment and former heroïn addicted patients in maintenance treatment. After description of the ASI, presentation of the training procedure for its optimized use and methodological issues, we present for each opiate dependent group acceptability data, results of some of the ASI's 240 items and the severity scores. The Addiction Severity Index provides assessment of problem severity in seven functional areas in which substance abusers are commonly impaired and unable assessment of need for treatment. Objective and subjective patient data are collected in the following seven areas: medical, employment/ support, alcohol, drug use, legal, family/social relationship, and psychiatric. The ASI is both broad in the extent of its evaluation and yet easy to use for appropriately trained interviewers. Use of the ASI over the past five years allows us to underline the following characteristics: in the clinical setting the ASI unable a common descriptive analysis for need and adaptation for treatment of different patients populations; in the research setting the ASI is particularly suited for epidemiological studies of addiction and description, analysis or evaluation research.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tic-related vs. non-tic-related obsessive compulsive disorder.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition characterized by an array of intrusive, upsetting thoughts and interfering, repetitive behaviors. Some forms of OCD may be etiologically related to Tourette's syndrome (TS). This cross-sectional study examines a range of obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms which have been hypothesized to distinguish tic-related OCD from non-tic-related OCD. One hundred and seventy-seven patients with a primary DSM-IIIR diagnosis of OCD, aged 16 to 72, participated in the study. Patients with tic-related OCD (n = 56) reported more OC symptoms, including more aggressive, religious, and sexual obsessions as well as checking, counting, ordering, touching, and boarding compulsions than did patients with non-tic-related OCD (n = 121). Contrary to our expectation, these two groups of OCD patients did not differ with regard to the presence of "just right" phenomena or symptoms of psychasthenia. "Just right" phenomena and symptoms of psychasthenia, however, were both found to be associated with the current severity of OC symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Virus and gastrointestinal infections].

Numerous viruses found in the gut are not associated with primary infection or disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Other groups or viruses are not classically associated with infection of the gut but can infect the gastrointestinal tract in immunocompromised individuals (herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus ....). The viruses associated with gastroenteritis represent a large number of taxonomic group. Because these viruses have in general been difficult to cultivate, most members of this group were firstly detected by electron microscopic examination (adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus, coronavirus, rotavirus ....). The most widely used diagnostic techniques for adenovirus (40/41), rotavirus and astrovirus detection in faecal samples include immunoassays such as Elisa and latex agglutination. Nucleic acid hybridization techniques have generally not proven to be substantially sensitive and the more sensitive techniques recently developed use the polymerase chain reaction (adenovirus) or the reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (astrovirus, calicivirus, coronavirus, rotavirus). Special efforts have been made in the search for efficient procedures to extract viral nucleic acids, and to establish the optimal conditions for the amplification and identification of PCR products but the candidate viruses were very different, consensus procedures were not determined, and amplification kits were not actually commercialized.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
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A randomized study comparing IV 3000 (transparent polyurethane dressing) to a dry gauze dressing for peripheral intravenous catheter sites.

Patients with an intravenous catheter on a cardiology unit were prospectively randomized to receive a transparent polyurethane dressing (N = 49) or sterile gauze (N = 31) dressing to compare security of fixation, dressing condition, skin condition, and rates of inflammation. The mean age of patients was 63 years of age (standard deviation, 12.57), and the average length of cannulation was 18 hours. The only significant difference between the two groups was the dressing condition in the transparent group was significantly better (P = 0.006) than that of the gauze group. The results suggest that gauze dressing may be a viable option to cover i.v. exit sites for patients requiring short-term cannulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chimerism analysis in long-term survivor patients after bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the most common treatment for young patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Late graft failure represents one of the possible unfavorable outcomes in this setting. Mixed chimerism might represent a risk factor for late graft failure. We examined this relationship by studying chimerism in long-term survivor SAA patients after allogeneic BMT. METHODS: We analyzed long-term hematopoietic chimerism in 15 patients who received BMTs for SAA: 9 with an irradiation-based conditioning regimen and 6 with ATG. We used a PCR method targeting VNTR loci. Sensitivity of the technique ranged between 0.5 and 1.5%. RESULTS: All patients conditioned with radiation-based schemes showed complete donor chimerism. Conversely, out of six patients who received cyclophosphamide and ATG as a conditioning regimen, only one of them had late graft failure (day +168). In this patient, durable mixed chimera status was first detected two months after BMT. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in long-term survivors of SAA after BMT there is almost always complete donor chimerism in both irradiated and ATG-conditioned recipients. Mixed chimerism might predict graft failure in these patients.

Adolescent↗