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Biomedical subjects

C Manuel

Publications and source records attributed to C Manuel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Digestive amines of bacterial origin and behavior disorders. Apropos of a case].

Implication of amines in central nervous system diseases such as migraine, Parkinson disease, epilepsy and depressive illness, is well established. On an other hand, intestinal flora is responsible for the production of specific metabolites such as amines, particularly histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine. These amines can be absorbed in situ and, through unknown mechanisms, may affect the host's behavior. Most of the data about the pathological activities of bacterial amines concern animals. The concentrations of histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine in the feces of the studied "controls" appeared steady over time. For the patient presenting clastic crisis without any starting factor, variations appear to overcome the "controls" values, with a great variability. At least tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine concentrations variations are striking by superposed and seem associated to the arising hyper agressivity crisis.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Cadaver kidney transplantation: ethics and consent.

Organ transplantation began to develop soon after the Second World War. The constant progress made in organ transplantation has resulted in an increase in the number of operations carried out. The laws governing transplantation are often drawn up to deal with the de facto situation in a particular country. The study focuses on Guideline 1 adopted by 44th World Health Assembly (resolution WHA 44-25) concerning consent in cadaver kidney transplantation. The discussion of the question of consent is based on a comparative study of the laws regarding kidney transplantation in the countries of what is known as Greater Europe. The points of discussion presented are not offered with a view to advocating a system where soliciting the consent of the family would be considered as ethically necessary. Given the current legal constraints, the presumed consent procedure, with consultation of the family would appear to be more appropriate.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1995

Vertical transmission of HIV--a rediscussion of testing.

It is worthwhile reconsidering the debate on mandatory or voluntary testing for HIV antibody among women of childbearing age, in the light of recent virological and therapeutic discoveries that have altered the parameters of the issue. The therapeutic possibilities of reducing the risk of transmission for women confirmed as seropositive are an incontestable benefit for anyone who is aware of her serological status; the fact of being able to detect real infection at birth could mean that causing unnecessary distress to the antibody positive but uninfected newborn infant is avoided. Medical professionals now have convincing arguments to persuade women at risk to accept the test when it is offered. But, in any case, the voluntary nature of the decision for testing must be respected.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1995

[Phenotypes of resistance to antibiotics of the most frequently isolated strains in five specialized hospital centers. Multicenter study].

Antibiotic susceptibility of 948 bacterial strains isolated from varied samples essentially proceeding from urinary infections in five Paris psychiatric Hospitals was determined by disk diffusion method. E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa et S. aureus are the predominant bacteria. 40% of S. aureus are methicilline resistant. Enterobacteriaceae are progressively becoming resistant to aminopenicillines, but remain sensitive to third generation cephalosporines. They are still susceptible to first generation quinolones. At least, if no resistance of P. aeruginosa to imipeneme has been reported, 30% of strains are resistant to ciprofloxacine. Resistance phenotypes to antibiotics of the strains isolated in patients from psychiatric Hospitals are located between those observed in out patients and in patients from general Hospitals. However, we noticed a worrying evolution of resistance to those encontered in psychiatric Hospitals. Therefore, a multiresistant strains emergence monitoring must be carried out regulary.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1994

Oxidative stress in patients with unstable angina.

The aim of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress occurs in unstable angina. Thirty patients with unstable angina class B (Braunwald classification) were prospectively studied. Control groups consisted of 23 patients presenting with stable angina and of 21 age-matched healthy volunteers. Upon admission and every 8 h for 24 h, blood samples were drawn for the determination of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Se-glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, erythrocyte GPX and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Coronary angiograms were performed within 4 days of admission in 26 out of the 30 patients included in the study. Nine of these 30 patients were subsequently identified as presenting a non-Q wave myocardial infarction and were separately examined. On admission, only plasma MDA levels and erythrocyte GSH concentrations differed among groups. Plasma MDA levels of patients presenting with unstable angina (P < 0.01) and acute myocardial infarction (P < 0.05) were higher than those of patients with stable angina and of normal volunteers, whereas there was no difference in these parameters between unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction groups. Erythrocyte GSH concentration was lower in all patient groups as compared to normal subjects. ANOVA for repeated measures showed no difference between admission and subsequent levels for all parameters. Finally, no difference was observed for any of the parameters when anti-ischaemic or anti-aggregant treatment before admission, or the number of affected vessels on coronary angiograms, were considered. We conclude that an oxidative stress can be evidenced in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1991

AIDS, a social dilemma: detection of seropositives.

At present, we can observe an evolution in ideas about the detection of HIV seropositivity through a qualitative analysis of specialised literature on the ethical aspects of AIDS. In the case of this disease, systematic screening of the population does not correspond to epidemiological criteria: it is wasteful, troublesome and costly. Whether it is voluntary, and therefore biased, or compulsory, and therefore controversial, systematic screening seems an unlikely option. This situation has prompted many versions of target-group screening, which correspond to two options: systematic screening of known risk-groups, discriminatory, confidential and anonymous; target-group screening linked to particular circumstances: recognised as necessary by blood-donors and well-accepted by pregnant mothers. This method can be institutionalised and applied in the armed forces and in prisons,.... Lastly, we consider measures taken by different countries and organisations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Ethical problems raised by anti-HIV vaccination.

At present questions are being asked world-wide about the risk of the AIDS epidemic. The discovery of an anti-HIV vaccine has become an urgent priority, but it also raises a number of sensitive questions. Ethical problems in this field are particularly delicate, since the perspectives of individual health and public health do not seem to coincide. Our research team conducted a review of more than 400 articles on the ethical problems raised by AIDS. We concentrated particularly on the ethical and legal issues raised by research on anti-HIV vaccine. These problems fall into three main categories: therapeutic assays, which must be controlled by a strict agreement defined by international norms; manufacture of the future vaccine, raising legal difficulties which must be faced and solved now; distribution of the vaccine to the population, which should be conducted on a general basis, i.e. it should be offered to all individuals and not only to risk groups.

Animal Experimentation↗
PubMed1990

The ethical approach to AIDS: a bibliographical review.

This bibliographical study involved first the exploitation of four data-banks: Medline, CNRS, Bioethics and AIDS, with the following key words (in conjunction with AIDS): ethics, human rights, confidentiality, legislation, jurisprudence. A total of 412 references were listed between 1983 and the end of 1987. Examination of the quantitative increase of articles over these years shows that, while references to AIDS and/or HIV infection--referred to as 'AIDS' for brevity--increased by about one third per year, the number of papers treating ethical problems linked to AIDS doubled each year. This increase makes it clear that these problems are important and pressing, that they are evolving rapidly and can be given no easy solution. After reading and analysis of accessible articles in readily comprehensible languages, the different themes can be classified in two categories: 1: Measures intended to protect society (starting with the most coercive); quarantine and isolation; discriminatory measures concerning specific groups; non-respect of the confidential nature of medical information; application of the penal code; screening; obligatory declaration and registration; testing of blood given by donors; vaccination and medical innovations, therapeutic assays; information, education. 2. Measures intended to protect the individual: fundamental rights of the patient: his/her right to confidentiality, to information and to treatment; civil rights: civil liberty, right to education, right to work, etc...; rights of the healthy individual: right of those in contact with the patients, safety of hospital staff, of those receiving blood-transfusions, etc... The legislation adopted in the various countries and the main opinions to be found in these articles are listed and analysed, and for each particular theme it is possible to refer to a list of the 232 most important articles. While the debate seems to concentrate on the conflict between the right of society to protect itself against the spread of infection and the 'civil' rights of the infected minorities, our conclusion tends to reduce this antagonism, showing that, particularly as far as the confidential nature of medical information is concerned, measures intended to protect the individual also protect society.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

No effect of roxithromycin on pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of warfarin and its enantiomers.

The macrolide antibiotics are metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and interactions with similarly metabolized compounds have been described. Simultaneous treatment with erythromycin and warfarin is known to decrease warfarin clearance and prolong prothrombin time. Roxithromycin (RU 28965), a new erythromycin derivative with improved pharmacokinetic properties, might then, because of structure similarity, be expected to interact with warfarin. In 21 healthy volunteers, the effect of orally administered roxithromycin (150 mg b.i.d.) on warfarin steady-state kinetics, and the effects of warfarin on roxithromycin kinetics, were investigated in a double-blind, randomized study versus placebo. Since the warfarin enantiomers, R- and S-warfarin have both different potency and different metabolism, the ratio between the enantiomers with and without roxithromycin, was also determined. In this study, mean AUC for warfarin increased slightly from day 14 of warfarin treatment to day 28, but no difference was found between the roxithromycin group and the placebo group, and no change appeared in the ratio between the warfarin enantiomers. A moderate increase in dosage was needed to maintain hypocoagulability during warfarin medication, but there was no difference between the roxithromycin group and the placebo groups, respectively. In addition, roxithromycin kinetics appeared to be unaffected by warfarin treatment.

Adult↗