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Biomedical subjects

C Magnani

Publications and source records attributed to C Magnani.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in Italy, 1958 to 1987: a cross-sectional and cohort study.

We analyzed the mortality rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Italy from 1958 to 1987. The overall mean annual mortality rate, adjusted to the 1981 Italian population, was 0.68/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.72); 0.86 for men; and 0.62 for women. During that period, mortality increased for both sexes: from 1958/1962 to 1983/1987, mortality increased by 60% for women and 24% for men. The slope for women was 0.07, and for men, 0.02. Moreover, the mortality rate increased in older age groups and was stable for subjects under 45 years old. There was no clear birth-cohort effect, but in any cohort the age-specific mortality rate increased with advancing age, with no decline for the oldest age. Based on these data, the increase of ALS mortality rates is probably due to the effect of changing methodologic and demographic variables and the decrease of mortality of some competing diseases, rather than a real rise of the risk in the whole population or in specific birth cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hyaline splenic and hepatic plaques. Correlation with cirrhosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and asbestos exposure.

Nine hundred twenty-five unselected autopsies were investigated for the presence or absence of hyaline peritoneal (splenic or hepatic) plaques, hyaline pleural plaques, asbestos, liver cirrhosis, heart failure, previous peritoneal dialysis or abdominal surgery, chronic peritonitis, splenomegaly, splenic infarcts, and pulmonary or abdominal tuberculosis. Lung asbestos body concentrations were calculated in 570 subjects. Peritoneal plaques were recorded in 163 cases. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, they were associated with cirrhosis, pulmonary nonactive tuberculosis, pleural plaques, and asbestosis. Association with asbestos body counts was also found, with a significant trend. Peritoneal plaques were described long ago in different pathologic conditions, for some of which (cirrhosis and nonactive pulmonary tuberculosis) the association is confirmed by the present analysis. It is suggested that they are significantly associated, moreover, with indicators of asbestos exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ki-67 scores and AgNor counts in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: apparent lack of prognostic value.

The cellular proliferative state of 18 incident cases of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder treated with transurethral resection was blindly determined by two independent observers using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody and silver stain for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Ki-67 scores were significantly related to histological grade (WHO) (rs = 0.65, p < 0.01) and clinical stage (UICC) (rs = 0.46, p < 0.05). However, the follow-up analysis over a six year period did not demonstrate significant relationship between Ki-67 values and survival. AgNOR counting did not show significant association with any of the variables under study. The results of this investigation and the review of the pertinent literature suggest that the assessment of cell proliferation of bladder carcinoma by means of Ki-67 and AgNOR techniques is far from having immediate direct influence on patient management.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bone marrow histopathology and prognosis in malignant lymphomas.

Bone marrow trephine biopsies of patients with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (ML), followed for at least 4 years, were investigated using univariate and multivariate survival analyses to detect which anagraphic data and histomorphologic medullary patterns before therapy were related to the prognosis. In 234 ML (146 low grade, 88 high grade), univariate analysis showed that survival was reduced by bone marrow involvement, absence of reactive lymphoid nodules, and low marrow cellularity. Moreover, in low-grade ML, patients 50 years or older and showing absence of myeloid hyperplasia, excess of hemosiderin and mast cell hyperplasia had significantly lower-survival rates. The prognostic relevance of these parameters did not change when cases without marrow involvement were separately analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed that, besides marrow involvement, age and myeloid hyperplasia had significant prognostic importance in low-grade ML, and lymphoid nodules in high-grade ML. Our data confirm the value of bone marrow histopathology in ML and indicate that the prognosis is related not only to medullary involvement but also to the morphology of the uninvolved marrow.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Childhood cancer registry of the Province of Torino, Italy. Survival, incidence, and mortality over 20 years.

Incident childhood cancers in the Province of Torino, Italy (population aged 0 to 14 years averaging 0.5 million) have been registered since 1967. Four population-based exhaustive surveys have been done to collect cases diagnosed during the periods 1967 to 1969, 1970 to 1975, 1976 to 1981, and 1982 to 1986. For each registered child, vital status on June 30, 1988 was assessed. This article reports incidence, mortality, and survival rates over a 20-year period. A statistically significant trend toward an increased incidence of soft tissue sarcomas was identified. Statistically insignificant trends included an increased incidence of brain tumors (probably reflecting improved diagnostic procedures) and a decreased incidence of thyroid tumors. Incidence rates of leukemias in the first year of life tended to decrease. As expected, survival rates of some childhood cancers dramatically improved throughout the 20-year period; this occurred in leukemias, brain tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and renal tumors. Survival rates are compared with observations in comparable population-based series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Four new mutations of the CFTR gene (541delC, R347H, R352Q, E585X) detected by DGGE analysis in Italian CF patients, associated with different clinical phenotypes.

The delta 508 mutation accounts for about 53% of the molecular defects causing cystic fibrosis (CF) in Italy. The numerous additional mutations detected so far are all relatively rare, and about 30% of CF chromosomes carries unknown mutations in our patients. In order to identify the non-delta F508 mutations causing CF in our population, we performed GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on 9 exons of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in a sample of 86 Italian CF patients carrying unknown mutations on at least one chromosome. Direct sequencing of 17 samples showing an altered electrophoretic mobility allowed the identification of four new mutations (541delC, R347H, R352Q, and E585X), five mutations already known (G85E, I148T, G178R, 1078delT, and R347P), and one rare variant (1898 + 3A-->G). The strategy based on GC-clamped DGGE represents an efficient and rapid approach for mutation detection for those genetic diseases, such as CF, in which a large number of rare molecular defects has been described.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of death certificate diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the reliability of official mortality statistics in estimating long term trends of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Italy. DESIGN: The study was a mortality follow up of cases of ALS. SETTING: Piedmond Region, northern Italy. SUBJECTS: Cases of ALS were identified from multiple sources between 1966 and 1985. MAIN RESULTS: Cause of death was determined for the cases who died between 1970 and 1985. Death certificates were obtained in 488 out of 510 cases (95.7%). ALS was mentioned in 365 (74.8%) of cases. The most frequent erroneous diagnoses were multiple sclerosis and malignant tumours. Demographic variables, such as sex, age at death, province of death, and calendar year of death, did not influence the percentage of true positive cases significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The death certificate diagnosis of ALS appears to be adequate for use in descriptive and analytical epidemiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Guided tissue regeneration versus mucogingival surgery in the treatment of human buccal gingival recession.

A surgical technique involving membranes was used to treat localized human buccal recessions 3 mm to 8 mm. The results on 25 patients (test group) were evaluated 18 months postoperatively and compared with the results obtained in 25 other patients (control group) having undergone mucogingival surgery. In the test group, a trapezoidal flap with a large base was raised beyond the mucogingival junction. The exposed root surface was scaled thoroughly to a concave shape. A membrane was bent and adapted onto the concave root surface. The flap was sutured far coronally and the membrane removed one month later. The control patients underwent a 2-step procedure, consisting of a free gingival graft and a coronally positioned flap. The amount of root coverage obtained was similar in the 2 groups (test = 72.73%; control = 70.87%), although the clinical attachment gain (test = 5.12 mm; control = 3.56 mm) and pocket variation (test = 1 mm reduction; control = 0.06 mm increase) differed significantly (P < 0.001). The keratinized tissue width was greater in the control group. The regression analysis showed that the amount of covered root surface after treatment was in strict correlation with the depth of the original recession in the test group, while no correlation was found in the control group. The expected root coverage was greater in the test group when the recession was greater than 4.98 mm, while it was greater in the control group when the recession was less than 4.98 mm. These results indicate that a guided tissue regeneration procedure can be used to successfully treat recession. The membrane procedure compared favorably with the mucogingival surgery in the treatment of deep recession.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Periodontal regenerative therapy with coverage of previously restored root surfaces: case reports.

Two case reports are presented to demonstrate a treatment that restores proper esthetics, cures hypersensitivity, and enhances periodontal support for cases of root caries or failing Class V restorations associated with gingival recessions. The procedure involves removing the existing restoration, elevating a trapezium-shaped full thickness flap, root planing to achieve a desired concave shape, and placing a barrier membrane. In both cases, satisfying clinical results have been maintained for 18 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Social differences in infant mortality in a longitudinal Turin study].

The Turin longitudinal study enables to study the one-year survival of children born to any member of the study population and to relate the still-born and infant mortality to the parents' census characteristics. In this paper 25,108 children, born between 1981 and 1985 of parents residents in Turin at the 1981 population census, were followed up with respect to one-year survival. The numbers of infant deaths have been observed according to parents' education, housing ownership, occupational status and professional position. Only parents' education showed consistent differential in the still-born and infant mortality risks, adjusted for maternal age.

Confidence Intervals↗
PubMed1992

[Survival in respiratory tract tumors: Italian population-based data and international comparisons].

Population survival studies are usually carried out within population-based cancer registries and are useful mainly for geographical and temporal survival comparisons. Survival studies based on clinical series of patients are traditionally executed to evaluate the efficacy of a given treatment or to analyze the prognostic role of clinical factors. Subjects from a case-control study on incidence of larynx and hypopharynx cancers in Turin, for the period 1979-82, were followed-up in order to study their survival. The analysis was based on 347 cases of larynx cancer (319 males and 28 females) and 48 cases of hypopharynx cancer (47 males and 1 female). For larynx cancer, observed five-years survival was 59% in males and 64% in females. Hypopharynx cancer had a worse prognosis (21%). In males suffering from larynx cancer, older age, extent of spread, birth in Northern Italy, and being unmarried proved to be statistically significant negative prognostic factors. The same variables were also predictive of survival for hypopharynx cancer. The one- and three-year relative survival for larynx cancer in Turin was higher than that reported by other cancer registries. For males, relative five-year survival figures range from 47% to 65%. Survival for hypopharynx cancer is considerably lower, five-year figures ranging from 13% to 35%. The survival study on lung cancer was based on all the incident cases recorded by the Lombardy Cancer Registry (L.C.R.) from 1976 to 1981; during this period there were 2042 cases of primary lung cancers occurred in males and 217 in females. Observed survival at one, three and five years from diagnosis was 29%, 8% and 5%, respectively. Survival decreased with increasing age; no important differences between sexes are evident. Information on tumor stage was available in 1904 cases and histotype was known in 1605. Three-year survival was 17% for localized tumors, 8% for tumors with regional metastasis, and 1% for tumours with distant metastasis. Epidermoid carcinomas had a better prognosis than non-epidermoid carcinomas in the first year of follow-up, survival being 38% and 29%, respectively; among non-epidermoid carcinomas the worst prognosis was for small-cell carcinomas. Comparisons between the LCR relative survival and that reported by other cancer registries did not show important differences, five-year figures ranging from 5% to 10% in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Socioeconomic status and survival from soft-tissue sarcomas: a population-based study in northern Italy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differential prognosis among cancer patients according to socioeconomic status (SES) has been reported. We analyzed survival from soft tissue sarcomas (STS) according to different SES indicators. METHODS: We followed up all the adult patients with a new diagnosis of STS occurring between 1.1.1981 and 31.12.1983 in an area of Northern Italy (N = 86). RESULTS: The overall three-year survival rate was 57 percent. After adjustment for confounders, both low education and blue collar jobs were negatively associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that patients of low SES have a poorer prognosis for STS.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Screening for non-delta F508 mutations in five exons of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in Italy.

Analysis of exons 10, 11, 14a, 15, and 20 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene by denaturing-gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed the identification of mutations causing cystic fibrosis (CF) in 25 of 109 non-delta F508 chromosomes, as well as identification of a number of polymorphisms and sequence variations. Direct sequencing of the PCR fragments which showed an altered electrophoretic behavior not attributable to known mutations has led to the characterization of four new mutations, two in exon 11, and one each in exons 15 and 20. Screening for the different mutations thus far identified in our patients by the DGGE analysis and other independent methods should allow detection of about 70% of the molecular defects causing CF in Italy. Mutations located in exons 11 and 20 account for at least 30% of the non-delta F508 mutations present in Italian CF patients.

Base Sequence↗