[Gustav Adolf Wehrli and the "Landigeist": medical history in the service of national self-consciousness and genetic biology].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Mörgeli.
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Caesarean delivery was rarely practised in the early nineteenth century and was considered highly dangerous, being both technically and morally controversial. In view of this, Johann Jakob Locher's performance of two consecutive caesareans attracted international attention. Not only contemporary printed literature, but also the archive material and specimens presented in this journal for the first time provide a uniquely detailed account of the operations. The University of Zurich's Institute and Museum of the History of Medicine were able to acquire the preserved pelvis of the patient in 1983.
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In 1991 the Medical History Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich received a significant portrait and biographical collection from the private estate of the physician family Meyer "zum Felsenegg". Of particular interest is the handwritten obituary notice for the distinguished Swiss medical historian, Conrad Meyer-Ahrens. Written by his personal friend and professional colleague, Conrad Meyer-Hofmeister, this obituary was read to the Society of the Zurich Masonic Lodge "Modestia cum Libertate" on January 25, 1873.
Wherever the successful surgeon, Ferdinand Sauerbruch, worked, headlines about his incredible fees appeared in the press. In 1912 and 1913, even the Zurich Cantonal Parliament investigated an alleged scandal regarding excessive fees demanded by Sauerbruch. However, the allegations were quickly proven false by the medical faculty and the accused himself. Nevertheless, the affair made headlines once again in 1931, which led to a clarifying exchange of letters between the rector of the University of Zurich and the surgeon, who was then working in Berlin.
One of the most bizarre and forgotten suggestions to have developed from the discussion of pauperism in the 19th century was the infibulation of the impoverished men. A communication in 1827 from the Halle professor of surgery, Carl August Weinhold (1782-1829), raised indignation and caused ironic as well as angry reactions. Despite such a heated response, Weinhold's proposed method of population control soon fell into oblivion, a fate considered by this contemporaries as "highly desirable".
The death by violence of the scientist and statesman Johannes Hegetschweiler (1789-1839), M.D., constituted a double tragedy: just previously, at the instigation of his friends, he had withdrawn an already submitted petition to be relieved of all his public functions. And from the outset he declared himself an opponent to the appointment of the theologian Friedrich David Strauss to the Zurich Professorship for Dogmatics, an appointment leading to political unrest ('Züriputsch'). On September 6, 1839, Hegetschweiler dashed, as a member of the Cantonal Government, between the militia of the Government and the advancing insurrectionists with instructions to effect a cease-fire. While doing so, he was wounded in the head by a deliberately aimed discharge of a shot, succumbing after three days of suffering. The general turbulence occasioned by the Züriputsch, the unprecedented animosity among the political misdemeanors and felonies rendered any legal prosecution impossible. It is here proven that one of the insurrectionists from the Zurich Oberland is the only person who can be considered as the murderer of Hegetschweiler.
A manuscript, written about 1825, by the Zurich surgeon Johann Ludwig Meyer (1782-1852), is kept at the Institute and Museum of Medical History of the University of Zurich. The author describes his surgical observations in the makeshift military hospitals in Zurich during the French occupation of 1798 and the 2nd Coalition War in 1799. Together with Johannes Grimm, the then 16-year-old Meyer worked as an assistant to his father Konrad Meyer, the senior surgeon of Zurich, giving surgical treatment to wounded officers and soldiers in the French, Austrian and Russian military hospitals.
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The author describes the long search for a suitable place for the museum as well as the five years of planning, reconstructing and arranging the new display of often unique objects. The idea is to present the history of medicine with a view to lead the visitor to a better understanding of medicine in general and thus to a rather confident attitude towards the medicine of to-day.
In 1951 Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957) wrote a manuscript paper on the structure of lectures on medical history. In this paper, which has remained unpublished yet, Sigerist's considerations are based on many years of experience in teaching in Leipzig and Baltimore. According to him, a lively medical history must always refer to current medicine. Furthermore, it should try to bridge the gulf between the arts, the social and the natural sciences. His proposal for a possible schedule includes an introductory course of lectures into medicine for beginners and a course on the history of medicine for advanced students. Lectures on medical ethics and sociology of medicine are also part of his programme. Finally, Sigerist stresses the fact that, in addition to these four lecture courses, seminars and a colloquy may provide students with the possibility of working on a specific subject in more detail.
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