Nickel and nickel-conjugate metabolism and acute toxicity.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
C M Young
Publications and source records attributed to C M Young.
Maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy and lactation: effect on digestive organ development in suckling rats.
To examine the relative effects of maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation on development of the pancreas and small intestine in suckling pups, rats were restricted to 50% of control (C) intake beginning at day 5 of pregnancy. Immediately after birth, some litters were exchanged such that some C dams were suckling pups born to 50%-restricted dams (C/50) and vice versa (50/C). Other litters were allowed to stay with their own mothers, which received a control or restricted diet as during pregnancy (C/C and 50/50). Pups nurtured by restricted dams had reduced body weights, intestinal lengths, hepatic and pancreatic weights, and specific activities of pancreatic lipase and small intestinal brush border sucrase and maltase. Small intestinal lactase levels were higher in the groups of pups from mothers restricted during lactation. In nearly all cases, the 50/C group was the most severely affected while the C/50 group was intermediate between the C/C and 50/50 groups.
Amylases↗
Migration and mortality: the experience of birthplace groups in Australia.
"Wide diversity exists in the mortality experience of different birthplace groups in Australia, and this also occurs with respect to their cause of death profiles. Most migrant groups experience lower mortality in Australia than in their country of origin, and most experience lower mortality than the Australian-born population. In the latter case the main [groups] are the Scots, Irish, Poles, South Pacific Islanders, Scandinavian men and North American women. Exceptionally high levels of survival occur among Greeks and Italians in Australia. The lower risk of mortality from heart disease is a principal reason for the deficit between observed and expected deaths of most migrant groups in Australia." The analysis is based on deaths of those aged 15-74 by birthplace, as recorded by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in the years 1980, 1981, and 1982.
Australia↗
Intraoperative radiation: taking a clear shot at cancer.
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Combined Modality Therapy↗
Differential mortality of birthplace groups in Australia during 1980-82.
"At the 1981 Census, just over one-fifth of Australia's population was born overseas, and this paper examines the mortality experience during 1980-82 of some of the larger birthplace groups with respect to age, duration of residence in Australia and cause of death. One of the main findings is the low mortality of those from Southern Europe, both with respect to total mortality and from many of the major causes of death. In contrast the Australian-born have relatively high mortality from heart disease, respiratory diseases, and from diseases of the genito-urinary system. Mortality differences are generally greatest at the middle adult ages, with convergence at the older ages."
Age Factors↗
Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on the development of intestinal brush border disaccharidases of postnatally malnourished weanling rats.
The reversibility of the effects of postnatal malnutrition on the intestinal brush border enzymes and somatic and intestinal weights were examined using either ad libitum or restricted feedings. Malnutrition was induced in the immediate postnatal period by expanding newborn rat litters to 20 pups/dam. At 21 days of age, malnourished pups exhibited significantly decreased body and intestinal weights as compared to those from control litters. Malnourished pups also had significantly elevated lactase specific activities whereas sucrase and maltase activities were not affected in the proximal small intestine. With subsequent nutritional rehabilitation by an ad libitum (food available 24 h/day) or restricted feeding regimen (food available 2 h/day), body and intestinal weights remained significantly depressed by 56 days in malnourished as compared to control animals. Rats on 2-h feedings consumed approximately 35% of the food consumed by their ad libitum-fed counterparts. Comparison of the ratio of weight gained to the amount of food consumed did not demonstrate a greater food efficiency with any particular feeding pattern. With ad libitum or restricted feedings, lactase specific activity in the proximal segment attained control values by 14 days. Restricted feedings resulted in an apparent elevation of specific activity of sucrase and of maltase, when rats were sacrificed at one chosen time point. Multiple time studies in a 24-h cycle showed that maximal elevations in enzyme activities were associated with feeding time. There were no significant differences in mean specific daily enzyme activities between the two feeding regimens. Restricted feedings show no advantage in enzyme efficiency or in promoting the rate of recovery of the intestine after postnatal malnutrition.
Animals↗
Effects of intrauterine and postnatal malnutrition on the ontogeny of gut function.
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Animals↗
Surgical management of irradiated skin in the pig.
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Animals↗
Incidence of ocular abnormalities in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies.
We examined 110 consecutive unselected patients with SS, SC, or Sthal sickle hemoglobinopathies to determine the prevalence of various retinal lesions within each group. The most prevalent retinal abnormality was the black sunburst, occurring in 46% of SS patients, 63% of SC patients, and 37% of Sthal patients. Our data also suggest that retinal lesions become more prevalent up to the fifth decade of life. Included in our series was an eight-year-old SS hemoglobin patient who presented with a dense vitreous hemorrhage secondary to a large salmon patch that had bled into the vitreous, reducing her vision to 20/200.
Adolescent↗
The binding of copper(II) and zinc(II) to oxidized glutathione.
1H and 13C NMR studies of Zn(II) binding to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in aqueous solution over the pH range 4-11 show that it forms a complex with a 1:1 Zn:GSSG stoichiometry. At pH values between 6 and 11 the metal ligands are the COO- and NH2 groups of the glutamate residues. Below pH 5 the glycine end of the molecule also binds to the metal ions. EPR and visible absorption spectra of Cu(II) GSSG solutions suggest that similar complexes are formed with Cu(II). The solid products obtained from these solutions are shown by analysis and EPR to be primarily binuclear with Cu2GSSG stoichiometry, although the structures depend on the pH and stoichiometry of the solution from which they were obtained.
Copper↗
Effects of varying degrees of chronic dietary restriction in rat dams on reproductive and lactational performance and body composition in dams and their pups.
To assess the effects of varying degrees of chronic dietary restriction, rats were fed ad libitum or were restricted to 75%, 50% or 40% of ad libitum intake beginning 28 days prior to breeding and continuing through day 14 of lactation. Pup birth weight did not differ among the groups, but maternal weight gain, net maternal growth, and litter number were proportional to dietary intake. During lactation, maternal weight loss was minimal in all groups and carcass protein proportions remained constant. However, maternal fat stores were mobilized in all groups, with smaller changes in the 50% group. Milk yield was reduced in restricted dams. Despite a partial compensation in milk yield by the 75% group, litter weights were proportional to maternal dietary level. In contrast, rats in the 50% group made no compensation in milk yield. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between milk yield and litter growth are explored.
Adipose Tissue↗
Norms for hand grip strength.
Norms for hand grip strength of healthy children are presented. Sex and age specific centiles for age 5 to 18 years have been determined using a portable strain gauge dynamometer with an accuracy of 0.5 N. The test group comprised 1417 healthy, urban school children from a middle class suburb of Brisbane. Mean maximum grip strength (of four tests, two with each hand) and mean peak grip strength (best of four tests) were recorded. Mean values of peak grip strength were 10 to 15% higher than the average maximum grip in all age groups. At all ages girls had a reduced grip strength compared with boys and although boys manifested a continual, approximately linear increase in grip strength through all age groups, girls manifested an approximately linear increase up to 13 years after which mean hand grip usually remained constant. By the age of 18 years boys had a mean grip strength some 60% higher than girls. Correlations with height and weight are also presented. "Handedness' influenced grip strength and was most noticeable in children aged over 10 years. The clinical use of hand grip strength centiles for the early indication of neurological and muscular disorders and for following the natural history of neuromuscular disease is discussed.
Adolescent↗
A study of neonates' differential responses to three voices, as measured by transcutaneous oxymonitor.
123 newborn infants were tested for changes in arterial oxygen status as an index of response to three voices, one of these being the maternal voice. Male infants responded more than female infants to their mother's voice, but female infants showed a higher response to the other female voice and the male voice. Black infants of each sex responded more than white infants to the maternal voice and to the other female voice. White female infants responded more than black female infants to the male voice.
Black or African American↗
A product report: Osto-Zyme as an odor eliminator.
A product, Osto-Zyme, was clinically tested at our Institute for the elimination of odor. Thirteen clients were chosen by enterostomal therapists to be tested. The product was sprayed directly into pouch, peristomal skin, and into night drainage units. This product proved very effective in the elimination of odor. The manufacturer of Osto-Zyme is the Richard C. Shelton Co., Wright Brothers Branch, Dayton, Ohio.
Aged↗
The isotope clearance technique for measuring skin blood flow.
The measurement of skin blood flow using the isotope clearance technique has been investigated in pig skin. The isotope used was technetium-99m; this was shown to be freely diffusible in skin. The volume injected (0.02 to 0.3 ml) did not affect the clearance parameters. Bi-exponential clearance curves were always obtained in normal pig skin. An analysis of what parameters of blood flow are indicated by the two exponents has been made by correlating changes in clearance parameters (animal age and depth of injection) with changes in vascular density and dermal thickness. It is suggested that the fast and slow clearance parameters are derived from clearance by capillaries in the papillary and reticular regions of the dermis respectively. Further evidence in support of this hypothesis was derived from the application of the clearance technique in skin traumatised by surgery (pedicle skin flaps) or x-irradiation. The value of the isotope clearance technique in the measurement of nutrient flow in the dermis is discussed.
Animals↗
A new automated approach to high-density facial measurement. Part 1: The image capturing and processing hardware.
Hardware used in the capturing and processing of the stereo image for a previously published description of a facial geometric measurement technique is detailed, together with underlying theoretical concepts regulating the selection of the hardware system components. This is the first follow-up paper in an ongoing research project to develop and document in depth a fully automated technique for photogrammetric determination of a Facial Surface Model (FSM), and ultimately to apply the technique in multidisciplinary research.
Anthropometry↗
The effects of preoperative x-irradiation on the survival and blood flow of pedicle skin flaps in the pig.
Pedicle skin flaps have been raised from pre-irradiated sites on the flanks of pigs. Radiation treatment was given as a single dose, 6 fractions in 18 days or 30 fractions in 39 days. Surgery was performed at 12, 52 or 104 weeks after irradiation. Control flaps were raised from normal skin on the other flank. The length of flap remaining viable after surgery was shorter in the irradiated than the control flaps. This reduction in flap survival was the same at the three time periods at which it was assessed and for each of the radiation doses selected for the different treatment groups. Clearance rates of an isotope (99mTechnetium) injected intradermally in the distal surviving regions of irradiated and normal flaps were compared. Clearance changes were related to those recorded in normal and irradiated skin before surgery. Isotope clearance in normal flaps was impaired after surgery (days 1-3) but then became faster than in intact skin (days 5-14). A similar pattern of changes was recorded in irradiated flaps only when the pre-operative isotope clearance rates in irradiated skin were similar to that in normal skin (i.e. for all treatment groups at 52 and 104 weeks after treatment). However, when pre-operative clearance was already slower in irradiated than in normal skin (i.e. for a single dose and 6 fraction/18 days after 12 weeks), surgery in the irradiated site did not have the usual effect of slowing the clearance rate.
Animals↗
High density facial measurement: a new automated approach.
A brief summary of research undertaken into facial geometric measurement is furnished, emphasizing the potential of photogrammetric methods. The techniques described solves the long-standing problem of stabilization of the human head for repetitive longitudinal investigations. The basic geometric principles of terrestrial photogrammetry and digital imaging techniques are outlined, as the groundwork for a description of a fully automated method of obtaining a high density geometric delineation of sensitive surfaces by digital methods. The technique is appropriate for any medical purpose dealing with measurement and analysis of soft tissue surfaces, obviating, as it does, the need for head stabilization with its concomitant problems, and also in its provision of a databank capability.
Anthropometry↗