Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C M Yeoman.
Lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous condition in which the occurrence of oral lesions has been cited as between 0.5 and 1.9% of the adult population. It is rare in childhood. Here we report three cases of children with intra oral lesions of lichen planus. Lichen planus, although reportedly rare in childhood, should be considered in the diagnosis of hyperkeratotic or erosive lesions of the oral mucosa in children.
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OBJECTIVES: To determine use of alcohol, tobacco and paan among males from the various Asian communities in Leicester; and assess their knowledge and attitudes towards oral cancer risk factors and prevention. Also, to determine any differences regarding habits and attitudes between first and second generation Asians. DESIGN: Volunteers completed a confidential, bilingual questionnaire regarding alcohol, tobacco and paan use and also knowledge about oral cancer risk factors and preventive measures. SETTING: Participants were recruited from sources that included GPs' surgeries, sixth form colleges and places of worship. SUBJECTS: Asian males, i.e. those of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin; over the age of 16 years and resident in Leicester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantitative figures were obtained from the questionnaires as to the frequency of alcohol, tobacco and paan use and responses regarding oral cancer knowledge, risk factors and preventive measures. RESULTS: The principal Asian community groups in Leicester were Hindu, Sikh, Muslim and Jain. Significant differences were found in males from these groups with regards to habits and oral cancer awareness. Muslim males use tobacco and paan more than the other groups but avoid alcohol. Sikh males drink more alcohol (especially spirits) than the other groups but their use of tobacco and paan is low. Habits of Hindu and Jain males are variable. However, approximately 10% of both 1st and 2nd generation Hindu males combine all three habits of alcohol, tobacco and paan; and are thus considered to be at high risk of developing oral cancer. Seven percent of 1st generation Hindu males were found to chew paans containing tobacco which are strongly associated with oral cancer. More 2nd generation Jains drank alcohol than the 1st generation, and a greater proportion of Hindu, Sikh and Jain 2nd generation males drink spirits than their older counterparts. Knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and preventive measures were variable, the lowest level of knowledge being among the 1st generation Sikh group. Few volunteers realised the risk of alcohol drinking in the aetiology of oral cancer. CONCLUSION: The 'Asian' community in Leicester is not homogeneous, but consists of distinct community groups; each with their own cultural beliefs, habits and attitudes. Knowledge of these differences can be used to provide appropriate health education programmes suitably targeted to reduce the use of the known risk factors for oral cancer.
OBJECTIVE: Determination of the incidence of Candida carriage in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and xerostomic controls to assess the influence of immunologic disturbances in SS on carriage. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 16 primary SS patients, 12 secondary SS patients, and 14 xerostomic controls were included in the study. Sampling was performed using an oral rinse method. Aliquots (100 microliters) were spread onto CHROMagar* and incubated for 48 hours. Species identification was confirmed by the germ tube test and API ID32C. Total colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) were counted and statistical analyses performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Candida carriage in primary SS, secondary SS, and xerostomic patients was 81.25%, 66.7%, and 71.4%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in total CFU/ml. A wide range of species was isolated in each group. CONCLUSION: The immunologic disturbances seen in SS do not significantly influence the intraoral Candida carriage in patients with a dry mouth.
The antigen receptor diversity of pathogenic T cells in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) may have important implications in the development of the disease; cytokines from these cells and other sources also play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Using a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we have attempted to correlate the presence of restriction in the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire with cytokine profiles. We have analysed TCR V alpha family usage, and the expression of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in labial biopsies from 12 patients with SS and compared these with samples from three patients with chronic sialadenitis (CS). Only one of the SS biopsies showed evidence of V alpha restriction (three out of 18 gene families). Apart from this, expression patterns were similar in both patient groups. Four of the 12 SS samples demonstrated a 'limited heterogeneity' of the V alpha repertoire with 3-4 families predominantly expressed, in particular V alpha1 and V alpha3. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were unrestricted. The cytokine profiles of the SS and CS biopsies were generally similar. However both IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha were absent from CS, but present in SS samples. The expression of IFN-gamma in the majority of the samples, together with a lack of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA, suggests the predominance of a Th1 response in SS. There was no clear association between the repertoire of V alpha genes expressed and the cytokine profile observed. However, the V alpha restriction in one SS sample did correspond with a limited diversity of cytokines detected.
Octyl gallate is an antioxidant (European Community number 311). It is used as a preservation agent in a wide variety of foods and other non-dietary substances. We report a case of a 49-year-old female with a 10-year history of 'burning mouth' and clinical erythema of the tongue, who, after investigation, proved to be allergic to octyl gallate. Management with an exclusion diet proved effective in both controlling the burning sensation and resolving the erythema of the tongue.
A case is described of a mandibular haemangioma extending into soft tissue structures of the face, pharynx and neck. The initial emergency presentation, subsequent treatment and progress of the patient is documented and the treatment rationale discussed.
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NZB/NZW mice exhibit changes in their salivary and lacrimal glands similar to those occurring in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of azathioprine in the treatment of SS in NZB/NZW mice. The experimental animals comprised three groups; the first received the drug daily from 14 weeks of age, the second started therapy at 26 weeks of age and the third group remained untreated. The animals, in groups of five, were killed at four-weekly intervals, up to 42 weeks, using ether. The submandibular and lacrimal glands were assessed for the extent of lymphocytic infiltration using a modified focus scoring system, with light microscopy. During the progression of the disease, azathioprine produced a reduction in the number of lymphocytic foci. This reduction occurred when azathioprine was used both early and late in the condition.
OBJECTIVE: Sulphasalazine is a recognised second-line agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine if it might prove useful in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome. METHODS: The trial was performed in NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice and efficacy was assessed on the basis of a reduction in the lymphocytic infiltration of the submandibular salivary and lacrimal glands. The animals were divided into three groups; the control group remained untreated, the second group received the drug from 14-42 weeks and the third group received sulphasalazine from 26-42 weeks. At four-weekly intervals throughout the study, five animals in each group were killed using ether and the glands assessed for lymphocytic infiltration using a modified focus scoring technique with light microscopy. RESULTS: No significant reduction in the lymphocytic infiltration occurred consistently throughout the trials with sulphasalazine. CONCLUSION: Sulphasalazine did not significantly alter the development of Sjögren's disease in NZB/NZW F1 mice.