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Biomedical subjects

C M Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to C M Shapiro.

143 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Marihuana-induced antibody response.

Utilizing an indirect Coombs' technique, humoral antibodies to marihuana and its major components were found in 34 subjects with known marihuana exposure. Similar antibodies were absent in the sera of a control population of 34 subjects with no known marihuana exposure. The specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by differential absorption studies in six seropositive subjects. Routine laboratory tests were abnormal in 22 of 34 seropositive subjects and in 9 of 34 control subjects. The relationship of seropositivity to abnormal laboratory tests is not certain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Local hypothalamic blood flow during sleep.

There are several hypotheses to explain the observed rise in hypothalamic temperature during REM sleep. One of theories suggests that the increase in temperature is due to an increase in local blood flow. In order to test this hypothesis local hypothalamic blood flow (HBF) was measured during wakefulness, HBF increased by 63% and 25% during REM and non-REM sleep respectively. It is possible that the increase of HBF during REM sleep is due to the activation of the recently described noradrenergic pathways from the brain stem to the cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Sleep patterns afted graded exercise.

The effects of six graded and measured exercise activities on sleep patterns were investigated in two healthy young men. Electrophysiological recording were made continuously throughout the night to distinguish sleep states. This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis of a relation between physical activity and slow-wave sleep (SWS: stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep). A progressive increase in SWS over the whole-night sleep record was found with progressively increasing physical fatigue. A fall in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and at higher exercise levels, of stage 2 sleep, was found. The results support the hypothesis that SWS is involved in the recovery process from fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population.

The aim of the study was to assess sleep disturbances in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from an urban general population and to identify associated psychiatric disorders in these subjects. The study was performed with a representative sample of 1,832 respondents aged 15 to 90 years living in the Metropolitan Toronto area who were surveyed by telephone (participation rate, 72.8%). Interviewers used Sleep-EVAL, an expert system specifically designed to conduct epidemiologic studies of sleep and mental disorders in the general population. Overall, 11.6% of the sample reported having experienced a traumatic event, with no difference in the proportion of men and women. Approximately 2% (1.8%) of the entire sample were diagnosed by the system as having PTSD at the time of interview. The rate was higher for women (2.6%) than for men (0.9%), which translated into an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 6.1). PTSD was strongly associated with other mental disorders: 75.7% of respondents with PTSD received at least one other diagnosis. Most concurrent disorders (80.7%) appeared after exposure to the traumatic event. Sleep disturbances also affected about 70% of the PTSD subjects. Violent or injurious behaviors during sleep, sleep paralysis, sleep talking, and hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations were more frequently reported in respondents with PTSD. Considering the relatively high prevalence of PTSD and its important comorbidity with other sleep and psychiatric disorders, an assessment of the history of traumatic events should be part of a clinician's routine inquiry in order to limit chronicity and maladjustment following a traumatic exposure. Moreover, complaints of rapid eye movement (REM)-related sleep symptoms could be an indication of an underlying problem stemming from PTSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effect of exogenous melatonin on delayed sleep phase syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and alertness were investigated in 22 patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome whose nocturnal sleep was restricted to the interval from 24:00 to 08:00 hours. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Subjects received either placebo or melatonin (5 mg) daily for 4 weeks, underwent a 1-week washout period, and then were given the other treatment for an additional 4 weeks. Patients could take the melatonin between 19:00 and 21:00 hours, which allowed them to select the time they felt to be most beneficial for the phase-setting effects of the medication. METHODS: Two consecutive overnight polysomnographic recordings were performed on three occasions: at baseline (before treatment), after 4 weeks of melatonin treatment, and after 4 weeks of placebo treatment. RESULTS: In the 20 patients who completed the study, sleep onset latency was significantly reduced while subjects were taking melatonin as compared with both placebo and baseline. There was no evidence that melatonin altered total sleep time (as compared with baseline total sleep time), but there was a significant decrease in total sleep time while patients were taking placebo. Melatonin did not result in altered scores on subjective measures of sleepiness, fatigue, and alertness, which were administered at different times of the day. After an imposed conventional sleep period (from 24:00 to 08:00), subjects taking melatonin reported being less sleepy and fatigued than they did while taking placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin ameliorated some symptoms of delayed sleep phase syndrome, as confirmed by both objective and subjective measures. No adverse effects of melatonin were noted during the 4-week treatment period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of metastatic pancreatic and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM).

Twenty-six patients with metastatic pancreatic or gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and mitomycin C. One complete and five partial responses were observed among 15 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (40% response rate) and six partial responses were observed among 11 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (55% response rate). Responders had a significantly longer survival than nonresponders in both groups.

Adenocarcinoma↗