Biomedical subjects

C M Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to C M Shapiro.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

The influence of ipsapirone, a 5-HT1A agonist, on sleep patterns of healthy subjects.

Ipsapirone is a new pyrimidinylpiperazine ligand specific for 5-HT1A receptors, with potential therapeutic use in affective disorders. Because 5-HT is involved in the regulation of sleep, we investigated the effect of ipsapirone hydrochloride on sleep patterns in 18 normal, healthy subjects of both sexes. Compared to placebo, ipsapirone 5 mg administered by mouth three times daily for 14 days decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration and, by the tenth day of treatment, began to reduce slow wave sleep (SWS) duration. The decrease in REM sleep occurred in the first 3 h of sleep. The latency to REM sleep was increased from the first night following ipsapirone administration, remained increased throughout the 14 days of administration, and fell to equal latency on placebo immediately administration ended. Subjective assessments of sleep revealed no differences between ipsapirone and placebo. Our experiments confirm a role of 5-HT1A receptors in sleep. The effects of ipsapirone on the sleep patterns of patients with affective disorders still need to be determined.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

REM changes in narcolepsy with selegiline.

The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of selegiline HCl on sleep parameters in narcolepsy and to contrast these effects with the effects of methylphenidate. Eleven subjects with narcolepsy were studied drug-free and while receiving selegiline (15-30 mg/day) by polysomnography. The methylphenidate-treated group consisted of 11 age-matched subjects with narcolepsy. On overnight polysomnography, compared to pretreatment values, selegiline treatment resulted in a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) latency (138.1 +/- 62.8 vs. 48.7 +/- 42.3 minutes, p < 0.05) and sleep stage changes per hour. The increase in REM latency in subjects treated with methylphenidate was marginally significant (116.9 +/- 78.3 vs. 54.3 +/- 23.7 minutes, p = 0.054). Maintenance of wakefulness testing during treatment revealed the methylphenidate-treated group to be significantly more alert than the selegiline-treated group (18.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 9.4 +/- 4.8 minutes, p < 0.001); a retrospective survey of subjects treated with selegiline found that a majority reported clinical improvement with selegiline treatment. These results suggest that selegiline should be considered for further investigation as a treatment for narcolepsy.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Determination of observer-rated alpha activity during sleep.

Patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been described as having alpha intrusion into sleep. In a separate study of the relationship between depression and CFS, we investigated the sleep of CFS patients. We could not detect any observable alpha anomaly in our group of CFS patients. It is possible that there is a subgroup of CFS patients in whom no alpha anomaly is present. However, the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) montage used in our study was different to that employed by previous researchers. This paper investigates the influence of electrode derivations on the outcome of observable alpha ratings. We compared simultaneous recordings of sleep EEG using three commonly employed montages. Our results indicate that use of the mastoid reference (montage 1) results in the highest observer-related alpha. This may suggest that data regarding alpha intrusion should always be collected using montage 1. However, there is a possibility that the mastoid electrode is not electrically silent and is contaminating the data of the referenced channels. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the validity of alpha intrusion measurement of CFS and fibromyalgia.

Alpha Rhythm↗

PubMed1994

Clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa in males: 24 new cases.

As part of a larger prognostic study of anorexia nervosa, clinical features at presentation of 24 males with anorexia are described, and compared with a female group matched for date of admission. Data were extracted from the original case records and follow-up interview. The study confirms the view that males display the classical syndrome of anorexia nervosa, but differs from previous studies in several respects. Age at onset (mean 18.6 years) and at presentation (mean 20.2 years) is later, with a mean duration of illness at presentation of only 1.6 years. A premorbid tendency to obesity is confirmed; maximum weight loss during the illness amounted to 42% matched population mean weight (MPMW), and weight at presentation was 78.5% MPMW, somewhat higher than the female group. In keeping with earlier studies, binging and vomiting were noted commonly, in around half of sufferers, but laxative abuse was less frequent and excessive exercising more frequent in males. Depressive and obsessional symptoms are common in both groups, and a strong family history of affective disorders and alcohol abuse was noted in over one third.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Is hypersomnolence a feature of seasonal affective disorder?

We examined hypersomnolence as experienced among individuals meeting standardized diagnostic criteria for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Data were available from 115 individuals attending a mood disorders clinic specializing in treatment of this disorder. Three modes of assessment were employed: retrospective self-reports (Seasonal Patterns Assessment Questionnaire), cross-sectional interviews (Standardized Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale, SAD Version), and prospective sleep diaries. Results indicated that self-reported total hours of sleep varied significantly across the seasons, with longest sleep occurring in winter and shortest sleep in summer. Seasonal sleep changes, as indicated by the SPAQ did not correlate significantly, however, with severity of depressive symptoms as indicated by the Hamilton scale. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only social activity levels (one of seven SPAQ items) was significantly and uniquely related to the severity of depression. When data obtained by the three instruments were compared, self-reported hours of sleep (whether measured by SPAQ or Hamilton interview) were significantly higher than indicated by prospective sleep diaries. We conclude that hypersomnolence may not be a central feature of SAD and that the validity of the SPAQ as an index of this disorder requires further investigation.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Sleep patterns in depression and anxiety: theory and pharmacological effects.

Sleep is invariably disrupted in patients who have depression and in patients with anxiety disorders. Depression and anxiety frequently coexist and are associated with disturbances in various neurotransmitters. The authors explore the relationship between sleep and the two disorders as well as the effects of antidepressants and anxiolytics on sleep architecture. The effects on sleep of various neurotransmitter systems implicated in depression and anxiety are outlined. Lastly, various theoretical models are proposed to account for the above mentioned phenomena and further directions for research are suggested.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗

PubMed1994

Prolonged endurance exercise and sleep disruption.

To determine whether exercise duration effects the recovery sleep following exercise, eight fit male endurance athletes, ages 23-42 yr, had their sleep electrophysiologically studied. This was done on four separate occasions: after a day on which no specific exercise was performed; after a day of a 15-km run; after a 42.2-km run day; after a day in which the athletes participated in a strenuous ultra-triathlon. Sleep patterns following the no exercise day and the 15-km and the 42.2-km run days were similar. The sleep pattern of the ultra-triathlon day when compared with the other three days showed significantly increased wakefulness and delayed and decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) in the first 6 h after lights out, however, was no different. The increased wakefulness and decreased REM clearly indicate increased stress after the ultra-triathlon. REM sleep appears to be a more sensitive index of exercise induced stress than SWS.

Adult↗

PubMed1993