Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C M Scott

Publications and source records attributed to C M Scott.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pericardial complications in hepatic trauma.

During a 5-year period, 35 of 70 patients with liver trauma required entry of the thoracic cavity, with nine deaths. Pericardial complications developed in four of the nine survivors who had both thoracic and abdominal incisions. Two patients resolved their problems (postpericardiotomy syndrome, late pericarditis) with medical therapy. One patient required emergency thoracotomy for pericardial tamponade, and one patient developed constrictive pericarditis that required pericardiectomy. Available data support closure of the pericardium after pericardiotomy. Thoracic extension of abdominal incisions is often necessary. Pericardial complications may occur with hepatic trauma in the early or late postoperative periods and are potentially fatal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Common femoral artery injury by blunt trauma: a case report.

Blunt injury to the common femoral artery with associated extensive soft tissue damage presented significant problems in arterial reconstruction as exemplified in this case report. Arterial restoration resolved into three phases. Initially, the femoral artery was replaced with an ipsilateral saphenous vein graft; in the second phase for septic complications, an axillofemoral bypass graft was used; and in the third phase, the contralateral saphenous vein graft was placed sequentially from the common iliac to the deep femoral to the superficial femoral to the popliteal artery. The contralateral saphenous vein had been placed in an arterialized circuit for 9 months before its harvest by means of a distal arteriovenous fistula. The primary consideration was to enlarge the small vein to approximate the caliber of the external iliac and common femoral artery. Of secondary concern was the potential for delayed aneurysmal degeneration as reported incidence in much higher in younger patients. Whether in situ arterialization influences this outcome is yet to be documented. At 36 months the saphenous vein graft is palpably normal and the ankle-brachial index is 1.0.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

The sheep as a potential reservoir of human trypanosomiasis in the Republic of the Congo.

The identical electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of a human-plasma-resistant Trypanozoon stock from a sheep and of two other stocks from trypanosomiasis patients in the Congo Republic indicated that the sheep stock was probably infective to man. These, and one further human stock from the Congo, closely resembled stocks isolated from man in Liberia and Ivory Coast.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sleeping sickness in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia. A preliminary report of the 1982 outbreak at Kasyasya village.

Sleeping sickness (SS) in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia is widespread but generally sporadic and of low prevalence. Between March and June 1982 eleven SS cases were reported from Kasyasya village, a community of about 75 people in 12 households. Transmission most likely occurred in two periods between November 1981 and April 1982, when people were living in three groups of small farming homesteads adjacent to their fields and to woodland . Their main village was deserted for the duration of the cultivation season. The high incidence of SS at Kasyasya , particularly amongst adult females of one homestead , suggested that transmission occurred close to or within areas of habitation. Intimate contact between man, fly and the unknown reservoir was also indicated by the finding of only two, almost identical, T. rhodesiense zymodemes amongst Kasyasya cases. The zymodemes differed only by a single band in one enzyme (ALAT) of the twelve examined by starch-gel isoenzyme electrophoresis. There was no evidence for cyclical man-fly-man transmission, but mechanical transmission and single-fly transmission of a mature infection to several people may have occurred. Game animals feeding close to the homesteads were the most likely, but unproven, sources of the outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of Gambiense sleeping sickness. Part III. Characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum.

Polymorphism in 12 enzymes, as shown by electrophoresis on thin-layer starch-gel, was examined in 88 stocks of trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon isolated from man and animals in the Ivory Coast and Upper Volta. Three of the enzyme profiles seen in trypanosomes from man in the Ivory Coast were exactly the same as in trypanosomes from local domestic pigs and from various game animals and a bovine in the Upper volta, thus confirming previous evidence that human trypanosomiasis is a zoonosis in West Africa. Altogether 9 zymodemes were found in man; one was exactly the same as another from the Congo while a further one was identical to a Ugandan zymodeme. Thirty-one zymodemes were found only in animals, and 6 were exactly the same as others from elsewhere in Africa, including the eastern part. All zymodemes resembled each other by possessing common electrophoretic patterns in 5 enzymes. In most zymodemes, the variants of two other enzymes were characteristically West African, although an East African influence was apparent, together with further evidence of hybridization. Many zymodemes differed from others only to a minor extent in a few isoenzyme bands. A group of closely related minor zymodemes constituted another trypanosome population ineffective to man in West Africa which had a variable sensitivity to normal human serum; enzymatically it was clearly separated from the major zymodeme previously described in West Africa, which was consistently resistant to normal human serum and had been previously associated with chronic gambiense sleeping sickness.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1981

Endarterectomy for segmental occlusive disease of the superficial femoral artery.

Endarterectomy for segmental disease is a reliable method for restoring the continuity of the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Operative morbidity was negligible and mortality absent. Long-term patency compares favorably with that of femoropopliteal saphenous vein grafts. The purpose of segmental endarterectomy is to restore arterial continuity, which hopefully will prevent major occlusions of the SFA. To maintain the integrity of the SFA, however, frequent interval examination and repeated arteriography are indicated as segmental disease tends to recur. Relief of intermittent claudication is a major event in the patient's life-style, and this technique of restoring arterial continuity while preserving the greater saphenous vein is a concept worthy of consideration.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Isoenzymes in two species of Acholeplasma.

The reference strains Type A and Type B and two equine strains of Acholeplasma laidlawii were examined for a wide range of isoenzymes using thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis; in addition two isoenzymes were examined in two strains of A. equifetale. The type strains A and B of A. laidlawii were differentiated by their lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and aspartate aminotransferase patterns and the two equine strains by their hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase patterns. The two pairs of strains differed from one another with respect to hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The two strains of A. equifetale could be distinguished by their isoenzymes of hexokinase. The two species were differentiated by their hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase patterns.

Acholeplasma↗
PubMed1980

Neonatal mercury vapor exposure in an infant incubator.

A healthy newborn infant acquired a substantial body burden of mercury by inhaling mercury vapor originating from a broken mercury expansion switch in the heating unit of an infant incubator. Highly toxic mercury vapor is produced in quantity by heating otherwise harmless metallic mercury. Switches and thermometers that contain mercury should be removed from infant incubators.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of home and clinic gathered language samples.

Language samples were gathered for 12 normal children representing a range of linguistic levels in a clinic setting with unstructured clinician-child interaction, and the home setting with unstructured mother-child interaction. Comparison of the samples revealed that children with an average utterance length four to five morphemes produced significantly longer utterances in the home setting. A comparison of frequency counts for various forms and construction types indicated the presence of syntactic preferences in each setting that could be traced to the nature of the underlying interaction. Clinic sampling was conducive to the description of ongoing or imminent activity, while home sampling stimulated substantially higher frequencies of past tense and modal verb forms, complex utterances, and questions. While there were frequency of occurrence differences between settings, the variety of forms and construction types was found to be similar. The results should be useful to clinicians as they interpret the significance of the presence, absence, or frequency of various syntactic structures in clinic language samples.

Child Language↗
PubMed1976

Supplemental sensory feedback for the VA/NU myoelectric hand. Background and preliminary designs.

Methods for realizing three SSF systems for the VA/NU myoelectric hand have been shown. In some cases, estimates concerning amputer acceptance, and references relating to improvements in function, were made. These estimates are purely speculative, and are not intended as a substitute for accurate information which can only be obtained by complete laboratory evaluations of the SSF system codes and by placing the systems on subjects. At this time, it appears that all three of the systems are technically feasible, and that they could be made clinically practical through careful design.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1975

Proportionally controlled linear power assist device for artificial arms.

A new prosthetic add-on device is being developed which promises to provide an economical means of adding power assist to a patient's existing conventional cable-operated prosthesis. Only minor modifications by a prosthetist would be required. Patients wearing conventional cable-operated above-elbow prostheses, who lack adequate function because they cannot generate the necessary cable excursion, are expected to dramatically improve their performance with little or no retraining. The proposed system will operate at speeds comparable to those of a conventional cable-operated prosthesis. The system will retain considerable function even if there is no power assist, and it will imporve the quality of the sensory feedback normally associated with a conventional cable-operated body powered prosthesis.

Arm↗