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Biomedical subjects

C M Sandler

Publications and source records attributed to C M Sandler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Gallbladder enhancement following angiography: a normal CT finding.

The authors reviewed computed tomography (CT) studies that had been preceded within 2 days by angiography. Twenty-one patients were selected who showed no laboratory evidence of liver or renal disease. Eighteen patients received greater than 37 g of iodine at angiography. Eight of these underwent CT within 2 h of angiography and showed enhancement of the gallbladder wall, nine underwent CT 15 to 48 h after angiography and showed enhancement of the gallbladder contents, and one had no gallbladder enhancement. Three patients received less than 22 g of iodine at angiography and none had gallbladder enhancement on CT. The necessity of differentiating normal gallbladder enhancement from pathology on CT is stressed. In addition, the physiologic mechanisms responsible for gallbladder enhancement are presented, and the relationship of our findings to the total body opacification effect and to infusion tomography of the gallbladder is discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

133xe uptake in focal hepatic fat accumulation: CT correlation.

Irregular fatty infiltration of the liver appears as focal areas of decreased attenuation on computed tomography (CT) and often cannot be distinguished from other, clinically more significant space-occupying lesions. Six patients with CT and clinical findings suggestive of fatty infiltration had xenon-133 ventilation scans of the liver. Four of these patients showed uptake and retention of 133Xe in the corresponding area of the liver, confirming the presence of fatty infiltration. The two patients in whom there was no uptake or retention of xenon by the liver were subsequently proven to have liver abscess and metastatic adenocarcinoma, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute focal bacterial nephritis: focal pyelonephritis that may simulate renal abscess.

We report 4 cases of acute focal bacterial nephritis, a solid inflammatory lesion of the kidney. In each patient the findings on excretory urography, when combined with the clinical features, suggested the possibility of a renal abscess. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography aid in distinguishing this solid inflammatory process from that of frank abscess. The possible etiology of acute focal bacterial nephritis, its evolution to abscess formation and its distinguishing features are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of the nonvisualizing gallbladder.

A prospective computed tomography (CT) study of a group of patients suspected of having gallbladder disease was performed. Ten patients were evaluated who had gallbladder nonvisualization on two consecutive oral contrast medium administrations. Evaluation of the gallbladder and common bile duct by CT disclosed specific abnormalities including gallstones, unsuspected common bile duct obstruction, and acute and chronic cholecystitis. Additional information on the physiologic processes involved in gallbladder nonvisualization is offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Unusual inflammatory processes involving the colon.

Six patients with unusual inflammatory lesions of the colon are presented. Several of these cases demonstrated unusual presentations of an unusual disease. The clinical and radiologic features (which together are of paramount importance in suggesting the correct diagnosis) are discussed. Important differential diagnostic considerations are listed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of chest trauma.

Computed tomography (CT) and radiography were used to study 20 patients with chest injuries. Excluding rib fractures, CT revealed 50 traumatic lesions ranging from extrapleural hematomas to pericardial fluid collections. In contrast, only 12 lesions were detected on the corresponding radiographs. While many of the processes demonstrated on CT were not life-threatening, substantial abnormalities such as pericardial effusion and diaphragmatic rupture were detected.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomographic evaluation of blunt renal injuries.

Adequate radiologic demonstration of the extent of renal injury following blunt abdominal trauma is an important guide to therapy. Traditionally, the evaluation has been based on urographic and/or angiographic studies. This report details the results of computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of suspected renal injuries in ten patients. Renal injuries were demonstrated by CT in nine of these patients. Abnormalities demonstrated were subcapsular/perinephric hematomas, intrarenal hematomas, renal lacerations, segmental infarcts, and contrast material extravasation. This study suggests that CT is valuable in providing further definition of urographic abnormalities and in avoiding the necessity for angiography in otherwise stable patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Posterior urethral injuries after pelvic fracture.

Rupture of the posterior urethra is an uncommon but serious complication of anterior pelvic arch fracture. It is commonly believed that such injuries occur at the apex of the prostate and on urethrography result in extravasation of contrast material above the urogenital diaphragm. In 1977, Colapinto and McCallum proposed a different classification of such injuries. This paper presents experience in 18 proven cases of posterior urethral injury using this new classification. All patients were studied with retrograde urethrography before any attempt at urethral catheterization. The data support the contention that the traditional concept of posterior urethral injury is, in fact, unusual. Of 18 patients, 12 had complete or partial urethral injuries extending both above and below the urogenital diaphragm as demonstrated by urethrography. Only three of 18 patients had the classical injury, that is, extravasation into pelvic fascial planes limited inferiorly by an intact urogenital diaphragm.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiology of the bladder and urethra in blunt pelvic trauma.

Appropriate radiologic studies are mandatory for assessing the extent and nature of lower urinary tract injuries following blunt pelvic trauma. A flow sheet summarizing these radiographic studies is presented in Figure 24. With pelvic fracture, two injuries may be found--extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder and rupture of the posterior urethra. In some patients, these injuries may be combined. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder occurs as a result of a blow to the lower abdomen or pelvis in patients whose urinary bladder is distended at the time of injury. A pelvic fracture may or may not be present. Anterior urethral injuries are more commonly associated with instrumentation in the male patient; they may, however, occur as a result of blunt injury to the external genitalia or perineum.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in blunt trauma.

Until now, CT has been utilized very little in the evaluation of the bluntly traumatized patient. Based on our early experience, we have attempted to demonstrate the CT features of a spectrum of injuries. Much of this information is new and additional studies will have to be performed to elucidate fully the benefits of computed tomography in the diagnosis of trauma. A method of study has been outlined which stresses the use of intravascular, oral, and, when needed, rectal contrast materials for study in these patients.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1980

CT demonstration of pancreatic transection: a case report and comparison with other diagnostic modalities in the evaluation of blunt pancreatic trauma.

A case of prevertebral pancreatic transection demonstrated by pre-operative computed tomography is presented. The dramatic demonstration of pancreatic transection in this case suggests that CT scanning should be considered among the first-line modalities in the evaluation of suspected pancreatic injuries. In addition, the value of other diagnostic modalities in the evaluation of this disorder is reviewed.

Adult↗