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Biomedical subjects

C M Payne

Publications and source records attributed to C M Payne.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

An ultrastructural morphometric analysis of platelet giant and fusion granules.

Our purpose in this study was to establish ultrastructural morphometric criteria that can be used to define pathologic giant and fusion platelet granules and to determine whether patients with neoplastic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) can be distinguished from other patients. We have morphometrically analyzed 2,391 giant and fusion granule profiles from 46 patients with neoplastic MPD, 127 other diseased control subjects, and 30 normal subjects using a computerized image analyzer. The largest granule profile observed in normal subjects had an area of 0.51 mu 2 and a perimeter of 3.21 mu. The most irregularly shaped of the large granule profiles photographed from normal subjects had a form factor (FF) value of 0.31. FF values indicate the degree of deviation of a given granule contour from a circle and is expressed by the formula 4 pi A/P2. A pathologic granule profile was then defined as a granule that exceeded any of these limits. Fifty-seven percent of the patients with neoplastic MPD were determined to have abnormal platelet granule profiles using the aforementioned morphometric criteria. It was determined, however, that morphometrically defined giant- and fusion-type granule profiles were nonspecific and were also found in 20% of the other diseased patients with no clinical evidence of an underlying neoplastic MPD. Morphometry has allowed us to define the upper limits of normal for the area and perimeter of individual platelet granules. Morphometrically defined giant fusion granules were determined to be more prevalent in the neoplastic MPD group, but because of their nonspecificity, may only have diagnostic significance for the individual patient in specific clinical settings. The pathogenesis of platelet fusion granules is discussed.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1985

Coronaviruslike particles in human gastrointestinal disease. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory observations.

Coronaviruslike particles (CVLPs) were visualized by direct electron microscopy (EM) of diarrheal stools in 49 of 126 infants and children between 1 month and 12 years of age during a three-year observation period. The clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients were analyzed and compared with patients with diarrhea who were shedding rotaviruses, or whose stools were negative for enteric viruses by EM. Seasonal and age distributions for CVLP shedding were similar to those for rotaviruses (in most cases less than 1 year of age; peak months were September through January), as were the symptoms and median durations of illness. Prospective studies of three subsequent patients suggest that the duration of shedding in acute illness is five to at least 25 days. Multiple attempts to cultivate the CVLPs were unsuccessful. In addition, partial purification of CVLPs from stool specimens was performed, and immunologic analysis by immunoelectron microscopy and radial immunodiffusion showed no antigenic relatedness to prototype human (OC43 and 229E) or animal (bovine and canine) coronaviruses. These findings suggest that CVLPs may be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal illness in infancy, and may represent a virus antigenically unrelated to known human and animal coronaviruses.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Benign mediastinal teratoma with immature elements exhibited clonal growth and motility in the human tumor clonogenic assay.

The human tumor clonogenic assay has been used to study the growth and drug sensitivity of a wide variety of malignant and a limited number of benign tumors. We conducted detailed studies on a multipotential benign teratoma from a young child that gave rise to colonies in soft agar culture. The colonies separated themselves from the surrounding agar and exhibited rapid rotary movement (15 r/min). Morphologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic studies showed the colonies to be comprised exclusively of ciliated respiratory epithelium. The uniform beating of the cilia resulted in a constant rolling motion of the colonies in a single direction.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1985

The immunoarchitecture of cutaneous pseudolymphoma.

The immunoarchitecture of five cutaneous pseudolymphomas was studied by staining serial sections for T- and B-cell and dendritic reticulum cell (DRC) antigens with monoclonal antibodies, and compared with that of reactive lymph nodes and cutaneous lymphoma. In four cases compartmentalization of B and T cells was observed, analogous to findings in reactive lymph nodes. In two of these cases the immunoarchitectural features were strikingly similar to those of reactive lymph nodes. Both had distinct follicles with germinal centers, and in one distinct mantle zone formation was seen. B cells in the follicles were polyclonal, with kappa chain predominance. The germinal centers showed the expected intercellular and/or dendritic pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain, B2, and DRC-antigen expression. T cells admixed in the germinal centers were overwhelmingly of the T-helper type. The B-cell compartments in the other two cases showed some subtle immunologic evidence of aberrance, but the weight of evidence suggested reactive/aberrant rather than malignant processes. The T-cell compartments in all four cases showed a predominance of T-helper and a minority of T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells. All contrasted with the lymphomas, which showed B-cell monoclonality, markedly deranged T-subset proportions, or novel T-cell phenotypes. Although the main focus of this study was cases involving substantial populations of both B and T cells, preliminary observations were made in one case in which a predominance of T cells and prominent epidermotropism simulated mycosis fungoides. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis in this case suggested a reactive T-cell process. Leu-6-positive Langerhans cells were increased in the epidermis and dermis in all five cases, and in the dermis they were found almost exclusively in T-cell compartments. It is proposed that this distribution is the anatomic correlate to the known functional role of Langerhans cells in antigen processing/presentation and T-cell activation. In the cutaneous "lymph node equivalent," Langerhans cells are analogous to interdigitating reticulum cells of reactive lymph nodes in distribution and, probably, in function. The DRC found in the germinal centers in two cases were probably antigenically identical and functionally analogous to those in germinal centers of reactive lymph nodes. Immunologic phenotyping of serial cutaneous sections may aid in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic lymphoid lesions. Immunoarchitectural analysis promises to be a powerful tool for the study of lymphoproliferative disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Surface features of human natural killer cells and antibody-dependent cytotoxic cells.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the surface features of purified large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) (natural killer (NK) cells, antibody-dependent cytotoxic lymphoid (ADCL) cells, K-cells, Fc gamma (+) third population (non-T, non-B) lymphoid cells, T gamma cells) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to compare their surface features with granulocytes, monocytes and Fc gamma (-) lymphoid cells that were all fixed for SEM under identical conditions. We have determined that 72-80% of LGLs enriched by rosette formation with sensitized erythrocytes or using Percoll gradients, have a complex microvillous surface (CMS) pattern identical to that of lymphocytes. The LGL fraction appears by SEM to represent a morphologically homogeneous population of cells. Monocytes prepared for SEM under identical conditions had distinct surface folds and granulocytes displayed numerous broad-based ridge-like profiles. The majority of lymphoid cells in an unfractioned population have a CMS pattern when incubated at room temperature (25 degrees C) before fixation, and a sparse microvillous surface (SMS) pattern when incubated at body temperature (37 degrees C). Ficoll-Hypaque (FH) also had a direct effect on the cell surface pattern. Over half of the unfractionated lymphoid cells displayed a CMS pattern after cells were washed free of FH and incubated at 37 degrees C before fixation. The CMS pattern is therefore not unique to LGLs but can be produced by the surface alteration of non-LGLs found in unfractionated buffy coat and mononuclear fractions. The interactions between LGLs and sensitized erythrocytes in an antibody-dependent cytotoxic assay system, and LGLs and K562 target cells in an NK assay system, were also examined. This is the first report that describes the surface features of human LGLs interacting with K562 target cells in an NK assay system. The LGL populations studied by SEM were determined to have a high percentage of Leu-11(+) and Leu-7(+) cells. These same population were also shown to have high antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and NK activity using the 51Cr release assay.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1985

Intranuclear helioid inclusions.

We have coined the term 'helioid inclusion' to describe a new type of single-membrane-bound intranuclear inclusion which contains one or more rounded bodies with radiating filaments (helioid bodies). Helioid bodies were not found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, or in the cytoplasmic matrix, but a helioid body was seen in dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum included in a double-membrane-bound intranuclear pseudoinclusion. No firm conclusion regarding the genesis of helioid inclusions has emerged from our studies, but two possibilities exist: 1) that helioid bodies derive from modification of serous secretory granules sequestrated in an intranuclear inclusion; or 2) that they develop by condensation of the contents of the perinuclear cistern or rough endoplasmic reticulum subsequent to its sequestration in an intranuclear inclusion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Signet-ring cell lymphoma of T-cell origin. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study relating giant vacuole formation to cytoplasmic sequestration of surface membrane.

In contrast to previous accounts of signet-ring lymphoma as a B-cell neoplasm, we report a case of signet-ring, large-cell lymphoma of T-cell lineage. Immunologic and ultrastructural studies were performed on a subcutaneous mass noted initially, as well as on an enlarged lymph node that developed later, in a 69-year-old man. Immunologic assessment indicated strong expression of T-helper antigen (Leu 3a + b), universal T-antigens (Leu 1, 5), and Ia. There was an absence of T-suppressor/cytotoxic antigen (Leu 2a), universal T-antigens (Leu 4, 9), and immunoglobulin light and heavy chains. Collectively, these findings indicate a mature T-cell lymphoma of T-helper type in an activated (Ia+) state. In contrast to previous reports of T-cell and Ia occurring solely as surface antigens, we demonstrated pools of cytoplasmic Leu 1, 3, 5 and Ia that displaced the nucleus. The ultrastructure of the giant cytoplasmic vacuoles was identical to the microvesicle-containing vacuoles reported in signet-ring cell lymphomas of B-cell lineage. In our case of T-cell lineage, we found substantial evidence of endocytosis by the neoplastic cells and numerous giant multivesicular bodies. The pools of cytoplasmic T and Ia antigens may result from abnormal internalization of surface T-antigens or the sequestration of T-antigen-containing Golgi-derived vesicles. Our combined immunologic and ultrastructural findings suggest that aberrant membrane recycling may be the common denominator of signet-ring formation in both B- and T-cell signet-ring lymphomas.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of normal human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with mitogens and antigens.

In the present study the authors attempt to experimentally produce the characteristic cerebriform appearance of Sézary cells from normal cells by stimulation in vitro with a variety of mitogens and antigens. Lymphocytes were stimulated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen and the antigens spherulin, Candida, and herpes simplex virus Type I. In vitro blast transformation was measured in tritiated thymidine uptake microculture systems. Nuclear contours were morphometrically analyzed with the use of a computerized planimeter. An exhaustive search for Sézary-type cells did not reveal any nuclear profiles that were highly convoluted. The lowest form factor value obtained from the stimulated cultures was 0.14. This value represents 14% of a circle. All stimulated cultures analyzed morphometrically showed significant blast transformation. There was no correlation between the degree of stimulation and the nuclear contour values. An analysis of mean form factor values from ten separate lymphoid populations revealed that neither mitogens nor antigens had any effect on increasing the nuclear irregularity of lymphoid cells. One PHA-stimulated culture, in fact, had less irregular nuclear contours than the 3-day unstimulated control cells. The difference in these means was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). In addition, morphometric analysis of 73 published electron micrographs of human lymphoid cells from a variety of clinical and experimental conditions showing irregular nuclear contours revealed that only 5% had nuclei that were more irregular than the most convoluted nuclei analyzed from lymphocytes stimulated in vitro in the present study. The authors have shown that mitogen- and antigen-stimulated cells do not display the highly irregular nuclear outlines commonly seen in the Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides and emphasize the need for more objective analysis of Sézary-like nuclear profiles to determine their specificity.

Antigens↗
PubMed1985

Establishment of two new myeloma cell lines from bilateral pleural effusions: evidence for sequential in vivo clonal change.

Two new human myeloma cell lines have been established from a 36-year-old woman with refractory IgG kappa multiple myeloma in whom bilateral malignant pleural effusions developed. The malignant plasma cells from each effusion were set up in a liquid culture using an L-15 medium containing catalase, glutathione, selenous acid, ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, additional glutamine hydrocortisone, and 2-mercaptoethanol and designated as M-3 medium. Two IgG kappa cell lines, LB -831 and LB-832, were established and proved to be Epstein-Barr virus negative using the internal repeat sequence DNA probe. Characteristic plasma cell morphology was evident by light and electron microscopy. Immunotyping revealed an IgG kappa , B1+, B2-, Ia (HLA-DR)+, CALLA+ phenotype for each cell line as well as for the original pleural fluid and bone marrow myeloma cells. The supernatants also contained IgG kappa, beta 2 microglobulin, and large amounts of osteoclast-activating factor (indicating bone-resorbing activity). Cytogenetic analysis of the LB-831 cell line revealed a nearly triploid highly abnormal karyotype with numerous clonal chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, and 15; several structurally abnormal marker chromosomes; and a putative homogeneously staining region on chromosome 7p at band p22. Analysis of the LB-832 cell line revealed several additional clonal abnormalities. These additional cytogenetic changes suggest that in vivo sequential clonal evolution occurred in this patient. Therefore, two new but related cell lines have been established, which should prove useful for further biological studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Identification of nuclear matrix proteins tightly bound to soluble simian virus 40 chromosomes.

Nuclear matrix proteins (defined as the nuclear proteins which were highly enriched in an insoluble fraction following extraction of lipids, loosely bound proteins, and nucleic acids) from mock- and SV40-infected cells were identified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, consisting of nonequilibrium pH gradients in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. The proteins identified in the mock-infected nuclear matrix included M1 (molecular weight, 71K), M2 (69K) M3 (58K), M4 (50K), M5 (49K), M6 (36K), M7 (36K), and M8 (31K), while the nuclear matrix from SV40-infected cells included, in addition to all these proteins, VP-1 (45K), VP-1' (44K), VP-3 (25K), V1 (36K), V2 (35K), and V3 (35K). Except for M7 all of these proteins sedimented with SV40 chromosomes isolated and partially purified by glycerol gradient sedimentation at low ionic strength, and only M6 and M8 were removed from the SV40 chromosomes during more extensive purification of the SV40 chromosomes by subsequent sedimentation at high ionic strength (0.5 M NaCl). When the structures of the SV40 chromosomes were destroyed by digestion with DNAase I, these tightly bound proteins no longer sedimented to the position of SV40 chromosomes. Further subfractionation of SV40 chromosomes indicated that the proteins M1 to M4 were preferentially associated with the nonreplicating SV40 chromosomes, whereas M5 was associated with encapsidating SV40 chromosomes and virions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A quantitative ultrastructural evaluation of the cell organelle specificity of the uranaffin reaction in normal human platelets.

The purpose of this study was to determine the normal variation in the number of uranaffin-positive organelles in normal human platelets and to study the effect of pH and fixation on the uranaffin reaction. The normal variation in uranaffin organelles was determined by studying platelets from nine normal subjects. At pH 3.9, the mean number of reactive sites/platelet profile was 0.43 +/- 0.10 when platelets were fixed with lower glutaraldehyde concentrations and 0.56 +/- 0.24 with higher glutaraldehyde concentrations. Fixed platelets were reacted at pH 2.8, 3.9, 5.0, and 7.0 with four different uranaffin procedures that varied in the extent of fixation and rinse steps (isotonic saline vs. cacodylate buffer). The number of uranaffin-positive sites in 200 platelet profiles was scored under the electron microscope. There was a progressive increase in the number of reactive sites/platelet profile as the pH increased from 2.8 to 7.0. In general, higher pH favored granule matrix and core staining, whereas low pH favored both the staining of granule membranes and their contents. The uranaffin reaction showed organelle specificity when run under certain experimental conditions. At low pH and using isotonic saline in the rinse steps, only the dense bodies and ribosomes stained. The biochemical content of the dense body responsible for uranaffin reactivity is discussed.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1984

Ribosome-lamellae complexes in benign plasma cells accompanying neoplastic infiltrates.

Two examples of ribosome-lamellae complexes (RLCs) occurring in benign plasma cells are presented. These were seen utilizing transmission electron microscopy in a case of mycosis fungoides in skin and a fibrosarcoma of a lower extremity. In both cases the accompanying plasmacytic infiltrate was interpreted as reactive and not malignant. Once thought to be a specific marker for hairy cell leukemia, RLCs now have been described in a wide variety of neoplastic diseases (mostly hematologic) and in a few examples of nonneoplastic conditions. RLCs have not been described previously in benign plasma cells. A review of the literature with respect to occurrence and significance of RLCs is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Human polymorphonuclear-leukocyte inhibition of incorporation of chitin precursors into mycelia of Coccidioides immitis.

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), when added to arthroconidial suspensions of Coccidioides immitis, markedly inhibit fungal incorporation of the cell-wall precursor N-acetylglucosamine. This effect does not require serum but is facilitated by a heat-labile serum component(s), probably by promoting PMNL attachment to the arthroconidia. Inhibition is entirely reversible within 24 hr. In parallel with this finding, PMNLs exhibited virtually no killing of arthroconidia and (as determined by electron microscopy) did not produce damage to the fungal ultrastructure. PMNLs from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease suppressed fungal incorporation of N-acetyl-glucosamine by only 0%-22% under various conditions, as compared with 54%-85% suppression by PMNLs from normal donors. Our studies demonstrate that PMNLs can influence the metabolism of C immitis and raise the possibility that their presence in coccidioidal histopathology may be an important immediate host defense in limiting progression early after infection.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1984

An ultrastructural cytochemical stain specific for neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that the uranaffin reaction, when run under specific conditions, will stain neurosecretory granules. In this ultrastructural cytochemical study, we analyzed the granule-staining properties of 13 normal, 10 abnormal (non-neoplastic), and 138 neoplastic tissues in an attempt to evaluate the specificity of the uranaffin reaction for diagnostic purposes when compared with routinely processed specimens. For the uranaffin reaction, previously fixed tissue stored in buffer was rinsed with 0.9% NaCl and reacted with a 4% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate (pH 3.9) for 48 hours. After three NaCl rinses, the tissue was dehydrated and processed for electron microscopy. The granules of normal or non-neoplastic neuroendocrine cells that stained positively with the uranaffin reaction included pancreatic islet cells, thyroid C cells, adrenal medullary cells, parathyroid chief cells, and the neuroendocrine cells of the intestine. All 42 neuroendocrine neoplasms studied possessed abundant uranaffin-positive granules and included carcinoids, oat cell carcinomas, islet cell neoplasms, medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, pheochromocytomas, carotid body paragangliomas, a pituitary adenoma, Merkel cell carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, and a neuroblastoma. All 96 control neoplasms that were not classified as neuroendocrine in nature were negative for neurosecretory granules when studied with the uranaffin reaction and included 13 neoplasms derived from endocrine glands, 57 neoplasms from secretory epithelium, 10 of hematopoietic origin, and 16 miscellaneous neoplasms. It was determined that the uranaffin reaction is a useful ultrastructural cytochemical marker for neuroendocrine granules and helped distinguish these cytoplasmic organelles from ultrastructurally similar granules derived from non-neuroendocrine cells.

Adult↗