Internal carotid artery aneurysm presenting as an unusual nasopharyngeal mass.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C M Liu
Publications and source records attributed to C M Liu.
Postpartum hemorrhage of the uterine artery rupture.
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Adult↗
Clinical response of localized recurrent periodontitis treated with scaling, root planing, and tetracycline fiber.
The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of scaling and root planing alone versus tetracycline fiber therapy used adjunctively with scaling and root planing in the treatment of nonresponsive active periodontitis in patients under supportive periodontal therapy. Thirty patients who were receiving supportive treatment and had at least two nonadjacent periodontitis sites with a probing depth of between 4 and 8 mm and bleeding on probing, or had aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels above 800 microIU in the gingival crevicular fluid in separate quadrants participated in this study. For each patient, the test sites were treated with scaling and root planing plus tetracycline fibers while the control site was treated with scaling and root planing only. Probing depths, clinical attachment levels, gingival recession, AST levels, and bleeding on probing were recorded and subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment. At 3 months after treatment, there was a reduction of bleeding on probing and probing depth, and a gain of clinical attachment in both test and control sites. The mean reduction in probing depth of the test sites was 1.38 mm and the attachment gain was 0.8 mm after 6 months. The clinical response obtained at 3 months following therapy was maintained throughout the 6-month follow-up period. However, there were no statistically significant differences between sites treated with scaling and root planing alone and those treated with combined tetracycline therapy. Most of the reductions of probing depths in the fiber group were attributed to gingival recession. The present study did not confirm the efficacy of adjunctive tetracycline fibers in treating nonresponsive sites in maintenance subjects with regard to probing depth reduction or clinical attachment gain. Reinfection of the pockets from untreated sites and extra-crevicular regions may explain the insignificant response to local tetracycline therapy.
Adult↗
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of clindamycin in human plasma or serum: application to the bioequivalency study of clindamycin phosphate injections.
This paper presents an assay of clindamycin phosphate injection in human plasma or serum. A 0.5-ml volume of plasma was used with the internal standard, propranolol. The sample was loaded onto a silica extraction column. The column was washed with deionized water and then eluted with methanol. The eluates were evaporated under nitrogen gas. The residue was reconstituted with the mobile phase and injected onto the high-performance liquid chromatographic system: a 5-micron, 25 cm X 4.6 mm I.D. ODS2 column was used with acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and 0.05 M phosphate buffer as the mobile phase and with ultraviolet detection at 204 nm. A limit of quantitation of 0.05 microgram/ml was found, with a coefficient of variation of 11.6% (n = 6). The linear range is between 0.05 and 20.00 micrograms/ml and gives a coefficient of determination (r2) or 0.9992. The method has been successfully applied to the bioavailability study of two commercial preparations of clindamycin phosphate injection (300 mg each) in twelve healthy adult male volunteers.
Adult↗
[Synthesis and antifungal activity of 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-substituted-2-propanols].
Twenty-three 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-substituted-2-propanols were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal activities in vitro. The synthetic methods of the intermediates are also reported. The compounds belong to two kinds: sulfones and sulfides. All of the compounds are new. The results of preliminary antifungal test showed that most of the sulfide derivatives exhibited potent activities against six kinds of common pathogenic fungi such as Microsporum lanosum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium carrionii, and Saccharomyces torulopsis in vitro. Compounds IVe, f,i,j showed equal or more potent activities when compared with ketoconazole and were markedly superior to fluconazole. The sulfone derivatives showed lower antifungal activity.
Antifungal Agents↗
Capillary electrophoresis of proteins.
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Buffers↗
Relationships between clinical parameters, Interleukin 1B and histopathologic findings of gingival tissue in periodontitis patients.
IL-1 beta is one of the cytokines which can induce bone resorption and connective tissue destruction. Previous studies demonstrated that the amount of IL-1 beta in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was closely related to the severity of gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD). To further investigate whether the amount of IL-1 beta in GCF and the tissues adjacent to the periodontal pockets can reflect the degree of inflammation and destruction of these tissues, the GCF and inflamed gingival specimens were harvested from 14 periodontal patients and IL-1 beta in these samples was measured by ELISA. Clinical parameters of the sampled teeth were also recorded. Possible relations among periodontal parameters, GCF or tissue IL-1 beta and the degrees of inflammation in tissue sections were analysed statistically. The results showed that with increasing GI and PD, there was an elevation of GCF and tissue IL-1 beta activity. GCF flow also showed a tendency to increase with a higher percentage of inflammatory infiltrate. The GCF and tissue IL-1 beta activity were significantly correlated with clinical parameters (GI, PD and GCF flow), as well as with the percentage of inflammatory infiltrate and tissue alterations. With the exception of a significantly negative correlation with the extent of inflammation, no obvious relation between the GCF or tissue concentration of IL-1 beta and the state of tissue pathology could be detected. In conclusion, measurements of IL-1 beta activity in GCF or diseased tissues based on the classification of clinical parameters can reflect the degree of inflammation within periodontal disease tissue. These observations indicate that clinical parameters can provide reliable means of evaluation of the severity of periodontal disease, and that IL-1 beta plays a pivotal role in the pathogenic mechanism of periodontal tissue destruction.
Adult↗
Expression of three members of the calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) belong to a unique family of enzymes containing a single polypeptide chain with a kinase domain at the amino terminus and a putative calcium-binding EF hands structure at the carboxyl terminus. From Arabidopsis thaliana, we have cloned three distinct cDNA sequences encoding CDPKs, which were designated as atcdpk6, atcdpk9 and atcdpk19. The full-length cDNA sequences for atcdpk6, atcdpk9 and atcdpk19 encode proteins with a molecular weight of 59343, 55376 and 59947, respectively. Recombinant atCDPK6 and atCDPK9 proteins were fully active as kinases whose activities were induced by Ca2+. Biochemical studies suggested the presence of an autoinhibitory domain in the junction between the kinase domain and the EF hands structure. Serial deletion of the four EF hands of atCDPK6 demonstrated that the integrity of the four EF hands was crucial to the Ca2+ response. All the three atcdpk genes were ubiquitiously expressed in the plant as demonstrated by RNA gel blot experiments. Comparison of the genomic sequences suggested that the three cdpk genes have evolved differently. Using antibodies against atCDPK6 and atCDPK9 for immunohistochemical experiments, CDPKs were found to be expressed in specific cell types in a temporally and developmentally regulated manner.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): ultrastructure and biochemical studies of typical and core-like particles present in liver homogenates.
Calicivirus particles isolated from rabbits suffering from acute RHD were compared with virions found in rabbits with chronic disease. Liver homogenates of rabbits with the protracted disease display no hemagglutinating activity and contain viral particles with diameters of 25-27 nm. These virions contain only one structural protein of 30 kDa and are distinctly smaller than intact rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) (32-40 nm). To prove the RHDV identity of the smaller virions, their reactivity with RHDV specific antibodies was investigated by immunoblots of the virion protein and by immunoelectron microscopy. Proteolytic digestion of RHDV particles with alpha-chymotrypsin did not transform RHDV into the smaller form. We assume that these core-like particles (CLPs) are not a result of proteolytic digestion but arise from a truncated RHDV genome or defective expression.
Animals↗
Post-operative pain control with topical steroid injection after hot dissection tonsillectomy.
Electrocautery excision (hot dissection) and scissor/snare dissection (cold dissection are two popular methods used in tonsillectomy. The former causes relatively more post-operative pain but takes less time to perform and is associated with less intra-operative and immediate post-operative bleeding than the latter. To explore post-operative pain control in patients undergoing electrodissection tonsillectomy, a prospective, randomized, one-blind study was designed involving local injections of steroid into the pillar and tonsil bed. The pain levels among the topical injection, deltoid muscle injection and the control group were scored and analyzed. Local steroid injection was found to significantly abate the post-tonsillectomy pain.
Adolescent↗
A cDNA clone encoding Brassica calmodulin.
A 834 bp cDNA encoding calmodulin (CaM) has been isolated from Brassica juncea. On Northern analysis this cDNA hybridises this cDNA to mRNAs of about 0.9 kb in leaf, silique and peduncle. Genomic Southern analysis indicates the presence of a CaM multigene family in Brassica juncea. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of Brassica CaM with that of Arabidopsis CaM ACaM-2 and ACaM-3 showed 100% homology, which is not unusual, since both plants belong to the family Cruciferae. In situ hybridisation studies on Brassica seedlings using a digoxigenin-labelled RNA probe showed that high levels of CaM mRNA were detected in the leaf primordia and the shoot apical meristem, and to a lesser degree, in the zone of root elongation of the root tip. The occurrence of a higher rate of cell division and growth in these regions than its surrounding tissue may possibly be related to higher levels of CaM mRNA.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Crevicular interleukin-1 beta in moderate and severe periodontitis patients and the effect of phase I periodontal treatment.
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), a potent stimulator of bone resorption, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. However, the relationship between cytokines and periodontal disease has not been studied sufficiently to allow definitive conclusions. The aims of this study are to investigate crevicular IL-1 beta and the clinical status of patients with periodontitis and the effect of phase I periodontal therapy on levels of IL-1 beta. For this study, 130 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were harvested from non-inflamed (15) and diseased sites (115) in 11 patients with periodontitis. The gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) of each site was recorded initially and one month after treatment. The amount of IL-1 beta in the GCF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antibody specific for this cytokine. Before treatment, IL-1 beta was found in 12 of 15 non-inflamed gingival crevices and in 112 of 115 diseased pockets. The amount of IL-1 beta varied from 4.03 to 511.12 pg/site. The average amount of IL-1 beta from diseased sites was 3-fold greater than that from non-inflamed sites. Both total amount of IL-1 beta and the GCF volume, but not IL-1 beta concentration, were found to be correlated, positively, with GI score and PD. After therapy, 63 sites from 7 patients were re-examined, and the amount of IL-1 beta in 49 of 63 sites was found to have declined. These data suggest that the amount of crevicular IL-1 beta is closely associated with periodontal status. This relationship may be valuable in monitoring periodontal disease activity.
Adult↗
Expression of matrix proteins in cloned fibroblasts derived from periodontal tissue under different cell growth densities.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have been implicated in the attachment, migration and differentiation of cells during periodontal wound healing. This study was designed to investigate the expression of ECM proteins in gingival fibroblasts (GF) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PF) at different cell growth densities. Both mass-cultured and cloned cells were derived from explants of healthy human gingivae and periodontal ligament. The grown cells, in situ, were subjected to immunofluorescent staining for the expression of collagen type I (CI), III (CIII) and fibronectin (Fn), and then measured by microfluorimetry. Partial biochemical measurement of the ECM proteins secreted in the medium was done by SDS-PAGE and densitometry. These data indicated that CI, CIII and Fn were expressed in both mass-cultured and cloned GF and PF. There were variations in the expression of these ECM proteins among the clones. PF and most of its clones produced a greater amount of total cellular and ECM proteins than did GF. The expression of these proteins was found to be greater in areas of low, as opposed to high, cell density. Parallel results were also noted in limited biochemical analyses. Thus, PF differed from GF with regard to the production of cellular and matrix proteins, and protein metabolism was affected by cell growth density. These data tend to support the previous hypothesis that PF is the essential cell type contributing to periodontal regeneration.
Cell Count↗
Modulation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts by cementum and alveolar bone extracts.
This study investigated the effect of acetic acid extracted proteins of bone and cementum on periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Alveolar bone and cementum obtained from clinically healthy subjects were subjected to 0.5 M acetic acid extraction, dialysis and lyophilization. Effects of both extracts on cell attachment and stimulation of DNA synthesis were studied in fibroblast-like cells cultured from human periodontal ligament tissue. A wide spectrum of proteins, such as 11-14, 17, 19, 22, 24, 27, 30, 34-44, 47 and 55 kDa, were detected in 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of both extracts. A few tissue-specific bands (19, 22, 47 kDa in cementum extract; 34-44, 55 kDa in bone extract) were noted. These extracts were found to promote cell attachment and stimulate DNA synthesis of periodontal fibroblasts. Cementum extract appeared to have a higher activity in stimulating DNA synthesis than bone extract, while promotion of cell attachment was similar with both extracts. Addition of serum evoked a synergistic effect on the promotion of DNA synthesis of both extracts. These preliminary observations suggest that acetic acid extracts from bone and cementum contain distinct components capable of modulating cellular activities of periodontal fibroblasts.
Bone and Bones↗
Guided tissue regeneration demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: treatment of furcation defects in mandibular molars.
The present study evaluated the effects of combined guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) therapy on the healing of grade III furcation lesions in mandibular molars of seven periodontitis patients. De novo surgical debridement of furcation roofs by fine diamond bur was introduced. Routine presurgical preparation of teeth and a strict plaque control program were performed for at least six weeks before surgery. A papillary conserved full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was used in all cases. In addition to conventional debridement, odontoplasty was performed on the furcation areas with a diamond bur to eradicate inaccessible fissures or grooves and ensure calculus-free root surfaces. Following debridement, the bony defects were filled with DFDBA and covered with polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes. The flaps were then closed by interproximal sutures coronally positioned through the contact point. The ePTFE membranes were removed 6 to 7 weeks after operation. Clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), probing attachment level (PAL), tooth mobility (TM), and periapical x-ray were recorded at the baseline and 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after removal of the ePTFE membrane. The results showed a significant increase in the probing attachment level and radiographic evidence of bone fill at the furcation sites. Thus, the addition of fine diamond bur debridement on the furcation in the GTR procedure with DFDBA grafting may be effective in the treatment of grade III furcation involvement.
Adult↗
Long-term effects of gingival fibroblast-coated hydroxylapatite graft on periodontal osseous defects.
This study was designed to examine the long-term effects of gingival fibroblast-coated hydroxylapatite (GF-HA) grafting on the healing of osseous defects caused by inflammatory periodontitis. Gingival fibroblasts were cultured from biopsy specimens of a healthy portion of gingiva in a periodontal therapy patient. Growth of cells on hydroxylapatite (HA) particles was established in vitro and the GF-HA complex was transplanted into the periodontal osseous defects. Clinical data of the gingival and plaque index, probing depth and periapical X-ray were monitored at baseline and at regular intervals up to 28 months after surgery. Postoperative plaque control and regular maintenance were meticulously performed. In addition to disappearance of gingival inflammation, results showed that the GF-HA treated sites had a marked pocket reduction and probing attachment gain at reentry and later recalls. Clinical bone fills of osseous defects were also demonstrated in periapical radiographs. These observations suggest that GF-HA grafting treatment may lead to regeneration of periodontal tissue in periodontitis-affected osseous defects.
Adult↗
Villous adenoma of ampulla of Vater: a case report.
A 56-year-old female patient presented with pain and tenderness over the epigastric region. Endoscopy showed a polypoid mass at the ampulla of Vater. Endoscopic biopsy showed villous adenoma with moderate cellular atypia. Wide excision of the tumor was performed. After resection, histological examination confirmed the tumor to be a villous adenoma of ampulla of Vater. This is a rare neoplasm with an incidence of 0.04-0.12% in postmortem series. A few cases have been reported in the literature, but only two documented in the Chinese literature to date. Wide excision has had good results and should be regarded as the treatment of choice for benign lesions.
Adenoma, Villous↗
Pre-column fluorescence derivatization using leucine-coumarnylamide for HPLC determination of mono- and dicarboxylic acids in plasma.
A sensitive HPLC assay utilising a simple fluorescence pre-column labelling technique was developed for plasma level monitoring of different types of mono- and dicarboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids form mixed anhydrides with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of triethylamine; the mixed anhydrides further react with L-leucine-4-methyl-7-coumarinylamide, forming highly fluorescent and stable amides. Drugs with no chromophore (azelaic acid, and its longer carbon chain analogues) or week UV absorption (artelinic acid, enalaprilat) were used as model compounds. The plasma samples were extracted using ion exchange solid phase cartridges. The separation was performed on an Axxiom C18 (5 microns, 4.6 x 250 mm) column. The detector wavelengths were set at 330 nm for excitation and 390 nm for emission.
Animals↗