Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C M Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to C M Lewis.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A multiobserver, population-based analysis of histologic dysplasia in melanocytic nevi.

BACKGROUND: Nevi that are clinically atypical and histologically dysplastic have been associated with increased melanoma risk. There are few reproducibility studies or population-based studies of nevus histology. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to quantify concordance in histologic diagnosis of melanocytic lesions among a diverse group of pathologists, to assess intraobserver concordance by comparing readings of the same slide as well as of adjacent recuts from the same block, to correlate histology with nevus appearance and melanoma risk, and to estimate the range of prevalence of histologic dysplasia. METHODS: Histologic slides were prepared from 149 tissue blocks of pigmented lesions from melanoma cases, relatives, and controls. Six dermatopathologists independently evaluated the lesions for histologic dysplasia, without prior agreement on criteria. RESULTS: According to kappa statistics, intraobserver reproducibility was substantial, and interobserver concordance was fair, despite differences in criteria. The estimated prevalences of histologic dysplasia for the six pathologists ranged from 7% to 32%. Histologic dysplasia was correlated with nevus size for most observers, confounding the observed correlation between nevus appearance and histology. CONCLUSION: Although experienced dermatopathologists use different diagnostic criteria for histologic dysplasia, their usage is consistent. Histologic changes ascribed to melanocytic dysplasia are prevalent in the white population for all pathologists. The term nevus with histologic dysplasia should be used in preference to dysplastic nevus.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The structure of Yalom's Curative Factors Scale.

Factor analysis was used to evaluate the short form of Yalom's Curative Factors Scale with data from 372 participants in the 1986 American Group Psychotherapy Association Institute Groups. With the data randomly assigned to three subgroups, results showed 10 scale items loading on three factors across all three subgroups. When the data was organized into two self-selected subgroups corresponding to the two Institute group categories, factor analyses showed the first factor to be consistent with the previous analyses, but other factors showed differences interpreted to be characteristic of the two groups' modalities. The study suggests a framework for understanding the concept of therapeutic factors and how they work together.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Protocol for acute and chronic sinusitis.

Formal protocols for nurse practitioners are mandated by many states. Protocols are of two types--process-oriented, which describe the steps used in treating patients, and disease-oriented, which define disease, explain etiology, and describe the plan of care, among other things. The sinus protocol outlined in this article is used in the UCLA student health service. It is disease oriented and focuses on college students, but it can also be adapted to use in a different setting.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Genomic mismatch scanning in pedigrees.

The new method of genomic mismatch scanning allows the high-resolution mapping of identity by descent on the chromosomes of two related individuals. Modelling recombinant events as a continuous Markov process, the authors design experiments and statistical tests for the use of this technique on sets of affected individuals in pedigrees in order to determine candidate regions for genes contributing to the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of discrete phenotypes using a multipoint identity-by-descent method: application to Alzheimer's disease.

The multipoint identity-by-descent method was developed to detect linkage to a specific chromosomal region through partitioning the genetic variance. This method has previously been applied to quantitative traits, and here is extended to a qualitative trait, where a dichotomous affected/unaffected status variable is transformed to a quantitative variable by incorporating covariates. This method is applied to the Alzheimer's disease data sets from Genetic Analysis Workshop 8, to investigate putative linkage to chromosomes 19 and 21. The multipoint identity-by-descent method is used to test for linkage through the qualitative trait, and for excess sharing of the chromosomal region among affected sibs. Results are compared to those of the affected-pedigree-member method and classical linkage analysis. None of these methods gave results showing clear linkage, with the only marginally significant results occurring for the Boston data set on chromosome 19 and the Duke data set for chromosome 21 using the multipoint identity-by-descent method.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The current status of autologous fat grafting.

The opinion of the majority of surgeons is fat grafting does not work. The fat cells do not survive transfer. Many have attempted the techniques only to become discouraged and abandon it. This article describes certain principles necessary for successful fat grafting: for harvesting use of a large-diameter syringe and needles, an atraumatic method of cleaning the fat cells, and an anaerobic method of storage. A method of autologous fat cell transfer including harvesting, processing, and injection of the fat is described. Long-term results are shown and limitations of the procedure are presented.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Assignment of a locus for familial melanoma, MLM, to chromosome 9p13-p22.

Linkage analysis of ten Utah kindreds and one Texas kindred with multiple cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) provided evidence that a locus for familial melanoma susceptibility is in the chromosomal region 9p13-p22. The genetic markers analyzed reside in a candidate region on chromosome 9p21, previously implicated by the presence of homozygous deletions in melanoma tumors and by the presence of a germline deletion in an individual with eight independent melanomas. Multipoint linkage analysis was performed between the familial melanoma susceptibility locus (MLM) and two short tandem repeat markers, D9S126 and the interferon-alpha (IFNA) gene, which reside in the region of somatic loss in melanoma tumors. An analysis incorporating a partially penetrant dominant melanoma susceptibility locus places MLM near IFNA and D9S126 with a maximum location score of 12.71. Therefore, the region frequently deleted in melanoma tumors on 9p21 presumably contains a locus that plays a critical role in predisposition to familial melanoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Correction of deep gluteal depression by autologous fat grafting.

In the past, the traditional method of contouring the iliac crest and lateral femoral areas has been liposuction or the surgical removal of the bulges. Unfortunately, this method fails to correct the deep gluteal depression juxtaposed at these two sites. Since we use autologous fat grafts to correct contouring deficiencies elsewhere, it seems logical to investigate whether this technique is applicable to correcting this deformity. We have performed autologous fat grafting to the gluteal depression on 12 patients who underwent lipoplasty of the iliac crest and lateral femoral sites. The longest followup was one year. We have found that this method corrects the deep gluteal depression and yields an improved aesthetic contour. This article describes the technique, addresses the problems encountered, and shows postoperative results.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

A simple preoperative method of screening for alcoholism.

The patient with an alcohol problem represents a higher risk to the aesthetic surgeon. Problems may develop intraoperatively, or in the immediate postoperative period due to lack of compliance, ultimately a higher risk of patient dissatisfaction. Identification of this group of patients is helpful preoperatively. We propose a screening method consisting of two well-conceived questions and confirmation by appropriate laboratory data.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

The number of loci needed for ELOD calculations.

This theoretical approach to multiple markers considers the problem of a trait locus flanked by an arbitrary number of linked, ordered markers. Using the criterion of the Expected LOD score (ELOD) for mating, an algorithm is developed to specify the subset of markers required to provide the full linkage information available from a given parental genotype.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

ELODs for three loci.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1992

Double-blind randomized trial of nicotinamide on early-onset diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of nicotinamide in inducing remission in early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotinamide failed to induce remission or differences on beta-cell secretion between the two groups.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the syringe and pump aspiration methods of lipoplasty.

In our study of six patients who underwent fat aspiration with a syringe on one side and with a pump on the other, there was notably less blood in the fat aspirate from the syringe and less bruising and morbidity in the postoperative period. The only variable in the study for each patient was the method of aspiration.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1991

Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital.

From May to September 1988, eight employees of a microbiology laboratory developed acute brucellosis (attack rate, 31%). Seven of the eight affected employees had clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific, flulike illness to severe hepatitis. Blood cultures obtained from five of the affected employees (63%) were positive for Brucella melitensis, biotype 3. Comparison of cases and controls showed that there were no risk factors besides employment in the laboratory. Based on work locations, assignments, and interviews, it was found that person-to-person, droplet, food-borne, and waterborne spread were unlikely. Our investigation disclosed that 6 weeks before the outbreak began, a frozen brucella isolate from a patient hospitalized 3 years earlier had been thawed and subcultured without the use of a biologic safety cabinet. This clinical isolate was subsequently identified as B. melitensis, biotype 3, identical to the employee isolates. It is presumed that transmission occurred via the airborne route. This outbreak reemphasized that all work on Brucella species, an established biosafety level 3 organism, must be conducted under a biologic safety hood. Furthermore, it might be prudent to perform all clinical "setups" under a safety hood since aerosolization commonly occurs during the initial processing of specimens and the majority of these specimens are from patients with uncertain diagnoses.

Brucellosis↗
PubMed1990

A mathematical model of retrieval system performance.

There have been a number of major evaluations of the performance of retrieval systems against large full text and surrogate (bibliographic) databases. These evaluations have concentrated on the experimental determination of the Precision Ratio, the fraction of retrieved items that are relevant to an information request, and the Recall Ratio, the fraction of the total number of relevant items that were actually retrieved. While these measures have met with general acceptance, they have also generated much controversy. The purpose of this article is to review the results of several of the largest evaluations and to propose a simple model for the performance of such systems that may help explain the relationship between these measures and user behavior.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗