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Biomedical subjects

C M Kesson

Publications and source records attributed to C M Kesson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Determination of glycosylated adult and foetal haemoglobins by affinity chromatography.

Estimation of adult glycosylated haemoglobin by affinity chromatography was found to be quick and less dependent on ionic strength, pH and temperature than ion-exchange chromatography. Results obtained by both procedures correlated strongly (r = 0.96) but the range for normal subjects was smaller with the affinity assay. The affinity method correlated equally well with the colorimetric assay (r = 0.95). However, the method did not measure all the glycosylated forms, and only half of the glycosylated species isolated by ion-exchange chromatography was bound to the affinity resin. It also showed that the amount of glycosylated haemoglobin in cord blood is less than in adult blood.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor secretion during biguanide therapy.

In a survey of 46 randomly selected diabetic patients on biguanide therapy, 30% had malabsorption of vitamin B12. Withdrawal of the drug resulted in normal absorption in only half of those with malabsorption. In most patients with persistent malabsorption, the results of absorption tests with exogenous intrinsic factor suggested the diagnosis of coincidental intrinsic factor deficiency. Further considerations, however, led to the concept that biguanides can induce malabsorption by two different mechanisms. One of these is temporary and unrelated to intrinsic factor secretion and the other is permanent and mediated by depression of intrinsic factor secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effects of prolonged bromocriptine administration on PRL secretion GH and glycaemic control in stable insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Plasma glucose, PRL and GH concentrations were measured at hourly intervals over a 24-h period before and after oral bromocriptine administration in a dosage of 7.5 mg/day for 6 weeks in nine stable insulin-dependent diabetic men. The pattern of PRL secretion was noted to be normal in stable diabetes (with a mean concentration of 205 mu/l +/- 23 SEM) and was effectively suppressed by bromocriptine (to a mean concentration of 51 mu/l +/- 2 SEM). This suppression of PRL secretion caused no major alteration in glycaemic control, mean plasma glucose for the group was 10.6 mmol/l +/- 3.4 SD before and 9.6 mmol/l +/- 3.1 SD after bromocriptine administration. Bromocriptine produced no change in plasma glucose or GH profiles. It is concluded that PRL secretion is not a major influence on carbohydrate metabolism in stable diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prolongation of the QT interval during therapeutic starvation: a substrate for malignant arrhythmias.

Retrospective examination of weekly electrocardiograms of 13 patients on zero calorie intake for 97 +/- 25.4 d (mean +/- standard deviation) for morbid obesity demonstrated a significant progressive reduction in QRS voltage by the seventh week. There was a significant prolongation of the QTc interval in the group during the eighth week and in seven patients the QTc had lengthened beyond normal by the end of the fast. The importance of these changes is illustrated by one patient with QTc prolongation who sustained two cardiac arrests due to torsade de pointes. We recommend regular in-patient electrocardiographic monitoring for obese patients on therapeutic starvation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Drug administration audit.

Drug surveillance has demonstrated that inaccuracy of variable degree exists in medicine administration in hospital practice. Brooks et al. (1) found a 53%-67% incidence of dispensing errors in a study of forty general medical inpatients, but in a larger study of over seven thousand prescriptions to hospital patients, Tesh et al. (2) found only a 3% incidence of error in drug administration. Since 1974 the Aberdeen system (3), designed to reduce dispensing errors, has been used in our hospital. As an elementary effort in medical audit a study of drug administration in a general medical ward was undertaken to determine the current incidence of error.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1980

Relevance of colour vision and diabetic retinopathy to self-monitoring of blood glucose.

A study was performed to determine the effect of colour vision defects and diabetic retinopathy on diabetic patients' ability to use a visual method of measuring their own blood glucose concentrations. Forty-eight diabetics whose colour vision and retinal status was assessed by an ophthalmologist carried out 311 blood glucose estimations using oxidase-peroxidase test strips which were then compared with laboratory values. There was a trend towards poor performance with advancing age but neither colour vision nor diabetic retinopathy had a significant effect on patients' ability to use this visual method of estimating blood glucose concentrations. The vast majority of diabetics who will benefit from being able to monitor their own blood glucose control should have no difficulty in using a visual method of testing, even if they do have defects of colour vision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Blood viscosity in young male diabetics with and without retinopathy.

Blood viscosity (shear rates 100s-1 and 0.94s-1) and several of its major determinants (haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and plasma viscosity) have been measured in 38 male insulin-treated diabetics, aged 18-50 years, and in 38 non-diabetic control subjects matched for age and smoking habit. Diabetics without fundoscopic retinopathy (n=20) had higher mean blood viscosity than controls at the high shear rate (7.07 cP vs 6.75 cP, p < 0.05) and the low shear rate (21.2 cP vs 18.7 cP, p < 0.025). These differences persisted after correction of blood viscosity to a standard haematocrit, and were associated with increased plasma viscosity (1.41 cP vs 1.34 cP, p < 0.025) and plasma fibrinogen (2.9 g/L vs. 2.5 g/L, p < 0.025). Diabetics with retinopathy (n = 18) had higher mean blood viscosity than diabetics without retinopathy at the high shear rate (7.53 cP vs 7.07 cP, p < 0.05) and the low shear rate (24.3 cP vs. 21.2 cP, p < 0.05), associated with a higher haematocrit (p < 0.05). Blood viscosity and haematocrit correlated with the duration of diabetes (r > 0.32, p < 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Clobazam--a new hypnotic?

1 A double-blind randomized trial to compare the relative efficacy of the 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, the 1,4-benzodiazepine nitrazepam, and placebo as hypnotics was carried out. 2 A preference technique was used and the analyses were performed sequentially. 3. The results confirmed that nitrazepam was superior to placebo as a hypnotic but failed to show that clobazam was superior to either placebo or nitrazepam in a ratio of 2:1. Thus, it seems likely that the hypnotic properties of clobazam are minimal. 4 Clobazam is not suitable for use as a hypnotic in hospitalized patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Acrylamide poisoning.

A small epidemic of acrylamide poisoning amongst workers in the construction industry is described. The clinical features of this condition are reviewed and two cases are described in which residual neurological problems persisted for over 1 year. The literature on acrylamide poisoning is reviewed and it is recommended that this substance should only be handled in the open air or in well ventilated areas. Its use in confined spaces such as tunnels appears to be unduly hazardous.

Acrylamides↗