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Biomedical subjects

C M Huang

Publications and source records attributed to C M Huang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clinical significance of urinary ferritin excretion in patients with transitional cell carcinoma.

1. The serum ferritin level provides a valuable index of the body iron store. An increase in serum ferritin has often been observed in patients with neoplastic disease and correlates well with the stage of cancer. A few studies have suggested the potential of urinary ferritin as a marker for transitional cell carcinoma. The rationale of the measurement, however, has not been investigated in detail. 2. Urinary ferritin levels were evaluated in patients with diverse urological diseases to investigate their potential clinical implications. 3. Analysis of logarithmic transformed values (ng/mg creatinine) showed that patients with both neoplastic and non-neoplastic urological diseases had significantly higher ferritin levels than normal control subjects (P = 0.02). There was no apparent difference between subgroups of patients with urological disease (P > 0.5). For patients with urothelial carcinoma, univariate analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between urinary ferritin levels and the density of lymphoid cells in tumour stroma (P = 0.0001), while no important association was observed with tumour grade (P = 0.32), stage (P = 0.29) or urinary cytology detection (P = 0.33). Patients with muscle-invasive tumour had significantly higher ferritin levels than those with papillary, superficial cancer (P < 0.05). For patients with non-neoplastic urological disease (n = 19), urinary ferritin levels tend to correlate with the severity of tissue inflammation (P = 0.03). 4. The results suggest that urinary ferritin may reflect the degree of local inflammatory reaction in the urinary tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasound-guided biopsy of thoracic masses.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytologic examination may be sufficient for managing patients with primary lung cancer. However, the procedure is not reliable for benign lesions and metastatic lung cancers. An attempt was made to find the influence of cell type on the results of fine needle aspiration and cutting biopsy. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients with thoracic nodules or masses underwent chest ultrasound examination and percutaneous ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (UGAB) and thirty-eight of them also underwent ultrasound-guided cutting biopsy (UGCB). Thoracic lesions were divided into seven groups. RESULTS: Using UGAB alone, the diagnostic rate varied from 56% (mediastinal tumor) to 91% (lung mass). When both methods of UGAB and UGCB were evaluated, the diagnostic rate varied from 67% (pulmonary nodule) to 100% (collapsed lung with mass and pancoast tumor). When thoracic lesions were divided into carcinomatous neoplasms (n = 88) and noncarcinomatous lesions (n = 21), a higher diagnostic rate was found in the carcinomatous group than in the noncarcinomatous group (92% versus 53%, p < 0.001). Correct histologic results between both groups had no statistical significance (64% versus 56%, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy has a high diagnostic yield of thoracic tumors, and carcinomatous masses can be easily diagnosed by UGCB. Noncarcinomatous masses and benign tumors frequently need UGAB to obtain a histologic diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Identification of cell types from action potential waveforms: cerebellar granule cells.

We have recorded 404 single units extracellularly in the cerebellar cortex of the rat with tungsten microelectrodes. Waveforms of action potentials were analyzed in order to develop criteria for on-line identification of cell types. Two of the four most frequently recorded waveforms were simple and complex spikes from Purkinje cells. The other two originated from granule cells and glomeruli. Presumed granule cells showed biphasic action potentials with half-widths (0.78 +/- 0.14 ms, n = 51) broader than those of the simple spikes of Purkinje cells (0.22 +/- 0.06 ms, n = 54), whereas presumed glomerular potentials had complex action potentials with narrower half-widths (0.14 +/- 0.05 ms, n = 35). The mean inter-spike interval of presumed granule cells (333.3 +/- 195.4 ms, n = 53) was longer than that of Purkinje cells (47.3 +/- 31.8 ms, n = 59) and the presumed glomerular potentials (77.7 +/- 50.8 ms, n = 20). Results were virtually identical from 17 cerebellar units recorded extracellularly in the cat. Intracellular recording and staining of 20 granule cells with HRP-filled microelectrodes provided further support for our assessment. These results suggest that action potentials from granule cells may be identified on-line by waveform.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

Cytokine-specific ELISPOT assay. Single cell analysis of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 producing cells.

In order to assess cytokine-producing cells at the single cell level, the cytokine-specific ELISPOT assay has proven to be an important and sensitive method. The purpose of this study was to adapt this method to elucidate individual cells producing murine IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6. In order to establish these cytokine-specific ELISPOT assays, IL-2-, IL-4- and IL-6-specific cDNA transfected myeloma cell lines, e.g., X63-Ag8-653 X2, X63-Ag8-653 X4 and X63-Ag8-653 X6, respectively, were used as specific cytokine-producing cells. In the IL-2 ELISPOT assay, the coating reagent, monoclonal antibody (mAb) rat IgG2a anti-mouse IL-2 (CR #40014) was used while rabbit IgG polyclonal anti-mouse IL-2 was employed for detection of IL-2 spot forming cells (SFC). The mAbs anti-mouse IL-4, BVD4-1D11 and BVD6-24G2 were selected as capture and detection antibodies for enumeration of IL-4 SFC. For the IL-6 ELISPOT assay, anti-mouse IL-6 (MP5-20F3) mAb was used for coating and MP5-32C11 mAb was used for detection of IL-6 SFC. When IL-2 producing X63-Ag8-653 X2 cells were subjected to these three different ELISPOT assays, IL-2-specific SFC were only noted with the IL-2 ELISPOT system. In the case of IL-4 SFC, only X63-Ag8-653 X4 cells formed specific spots using the tandem of BVD4-1D11 and BVD6-24G2 mAbs. IL-6-specific spots developed in MP5-20F3 mAb pre-coated wells containing X63-Ag8-653 X6 cells, when developed with mAb anti-IL-6 (MP5-32C11). Addition of cycloheximide (50 micrograms/ml) inhibited formation of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 SFC by approximately 90%. When an unrelated mAb was used as detection antibody in these three different cytokine-specific ELISPOT assays, IL-2-, IL-4- and IL-6-specific SFC were not detected. Further, when concanavalin A stimulated T cells from Peyer's patch of normal mice were subjected to the respective cytokine-specific ELISPOT assay, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 SFC were enumerated. These results have shown that cytokine-specific IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 ELISPOT assays have now been established and will allow analysis of the frequency of cytokine-secreting cells at the single cell level.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of Leuconostoc oenos Strains by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA digested with NotI or SfiI was used to differentiate individual strains of Leuconostoc oenos. L. oenos isolates with 13 different restriction digest patterns were detected in New Zealand wines undergoing malolactic fermentation. The average genome size was estimated to be 1,800 kb.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on longevity tea].

This paper reports the preparation, physical and chemical identification and content determination of Longevity Tea. The preparation process is advanced, the content determination is simple and accurate and thus can be taken as standards for the quality control of Longevity Tea.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1992

Electrophysiology of nitrous oxide on cerebellar granule cells: a single-cell study.

We recorded 18 single cells in the granule cell layer of the cat. Each single cell was screened and identified as a granule cell based on a set of criteria derived from known electrophysiological properties of granule cells. We then monitored the effects of nitrous oxide on the spontaneous activities and the auditory responses of these cells. Nitrous oxide consistently caused a severe inhibition of spontaneous activities as well as responses to sound in these cells. Furthermore, the amplitudes of their action potentials decreased during the inhibition. Three of the 18 cells were subsequently injected intracellularly with HRP. All three were verified to be granule cells. In those granule cells we recorded intracellularly, nitrous oxide did not change the resting membrane potentials. The gradual decrease in the amplitudes of action potentials suggested that some of the mechanisms leading to the genesis of action potentials were being altered by nitrous oxide. It is also possible that nitrous oxide may act on synaptic transmission at a site located postsynaptically on the granule cells.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Comparative analysis of lipid composition in axenic strains of Blastocystis hominis.

1. Six axenic strains of Blastocystis hominis varied in content of lipids from 12 to 43 pg total lipid/cell. With all strains, phospholipid content was about 39% of total lipids. 2. Neutral lipid fractions of B. hominis were resolved into nine constituents, of which seven were identified tentatively. Sterol esters, principally esters of cholesterol, were the major neutral lipid constituent, accounting for 49-63% of the neutral lipids, and at least 30% of the total lipids. 3. Polar lipids were resolved into eleven constituents, of which nine were identified tentatively. Phosphatidylcholine was the major polar lipid constituent of all strains, accounting for 53-63% of the polar lipids, and about 22% of the total lipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of alcohol withdrawal on serum concentrations of Lp(a), apolipoproteins A-1 and B, and lipids.

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease. The mechanism of the putative protective effect of alcohol intake, however, remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that a ratio of apolipoprotein A-I/apolipoprotein B and Lp(a) are better indicators of the risk of atherosclerosis than total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. To assess the effect of alcohol on these analytes, we determined the concentration of Lp(a), apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of 12 patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence at the time of admission for treatment of alcohol withdrawal (before). The analyses were repeated after 4 weeks of supervised abstinence on a locked research unit (after). With abstinence, there was a significant increase in the concentration of Lp(a), the atherogenic index and the ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but a significant decrease in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and the apolipoprotein A-I/B ratio. Apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no significant changes before and after alcohol abstinence. Thus, decreased Lp(a) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I may be factors mediating the putative protective effect of alcohol in coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Construction of a 3-chlorobiphenyl-utilizing recombinant from an intergeneric mating.

Recombinant Pseudomonas sp. strain CB15, which grows on 3-chlorobiphenyl (3CB), was constructed from Pseudomonas sp. strain HF1, which grows on 3-chlorobenzoate, and from Acinetobacter sp. strain P6, which grows on biphenyl, by using a continuous amalgamated culture apparatus. DNA from strains CB15 and HF1 hybridized very strongly to each other, while hybridization between both parental strains, HF1 and P6, was negligible. However, DNA from the recombinant CB15 hybridized moderately to strongly with three specific fragments of parental strain P6. Strains HF1 and P6 did not grow on 3CB, but recombinant strain CB15 mineralized this compound and released inorganic chloride. When growing on 3CB, strain CB15 accumulated brown products, one of which was identified as 3-chloro-5-(2'-hydroxy-3'-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzoquinone by mass spectrometry. Emulsification and mechanical fragmentation greatly increased the rate of 3CB mineralization by strain CB15. At least three methods of inhibition from catecholic intermediates may account for slow growth on 3CB. The meta fission of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (the nonchlorinated analog of the metabolic intermediate 3-chloro-2',3'-dihydroxybiphenyl) was affected by substrate inhibition (Vmax = 359 nmol.min-1.mg-1, Km = 114 microM, Kss [the inhibition constant] = 951 microM) and was also inhibited by 3-chlorocatechol. The ortho fission of 3-chlorocatechol, a degradation product, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax = 365 nmol.min-1.mg-1, Km = 1 microM), but the addition of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl inhibited the reaction (Ki = 0.87 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1992

[Intraoperative pleural lavage in lung cancer patients].

In lung cancer patients, pleural effusion may or may not be present even if cancer cells have invaded the pleura. Using the traditional staging methods, not all pleural metastasis can be detected before the presence of pleural effusion. We performed intraoperative pleural lavage on 38 patients who underwent a thoracotomy due to tumors of the lungs. The first lavage (lavage 1) was performed just after the pleural cavity was open; the second lavage (lavage 2) was performed after all surgical procedures were completed (including lung resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection). Totally 12 of the 32 primary lung cancer patients were found to have positive lavage 1 cytology; 13 had positive lavage 2 cytology. In 13 patients whose visceral pleura was invaded by tumor, 11 had a positive lavage 1, 10 had a positive lavage 2. For prediction of positive lavage 1 cytology from visceral pleural involvement, the accuracy was 90.6%, the sensitivity was 84.6%, the specificity was 94.7%, the positive predictive rate was 91.7%, the negative predictive rate was 90.0%. For lavage 2, the accuracy was 81.2%, the sensitivity was 76.9%, the specificity was 84.2%, the positive predictive rate was 76.9%, the negative predictive rate was 84.2%. Stage of disease and cell type seemed to have no relationship to the incidence of positive lavage fluid cytology. Further investigation is recommended to evaluate the prognosis of patients with positive lavage fluid cytology.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Auditory responses in the posterior vermis of the cat: the buried cerebellar cortex.

Although an auditory area has been found over the exposed area of lobules VI-VIII in the posterior cerebellar vermis of the cat, there has been little information on its buried portion. This point should be of some concern, since very little of the brain tissue in lobules VI-VIII of the cerebellar cortex is exposed. We have systematically explored the posterior vermis with long electrode tracks and compared auditory responses recorded from neurons within the granule cell layer in the folial crown with those in the buried cortex. There was a similarity between neural activities recorded from the exposed surface area and those from the buried portion both in the temporal discharge pattern of neurons to sound and in the spatial distribution pattern of auditory responses.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Nitrous oxide inhibits auditory and visual responses of granule cells in the cerebellum.

Much of the laboratory investigation on the auditory and visual areas of the posterior vermis has been carried out under barbiturate anesthesia. It is now known that barbiturates potentiate GABA inhibition by binding directly to the GABA receptor protein. Since GABAergic receptors are present in many cell types of the cerebellar cortex, barbiturate anesthesia is likely to interfere severely with cerebellar physiology. We have examined auditory and visual responses in granule cells in the cerebellum of the cat under nitrous oxide anesthesia. To our surprise, nitrous oxide abolished auditory as well as visual responses in the granule cell layer in the posterior vermis. However, both auditory and visual responses recovered after the cessation of nitrous oxide.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Auditory receptive area in the cerebellar hemisphere is surrounded by somatosensory areas.

We mapped the neuronal discharges in response to sound in the granule cell layer of the cerebellar hemisphere of the rat. An auditory receptive area was located in the lateral part of Crus IIb. The size of the auditory area was approx. 1 mm2. It was surrounded by somatosensory receptive areas representing the regions in and around the mouth, particularly the lips, the incisors, and areas inside the mouth. Frequency selectivity of neurons in the auditory area was so broad that it resembled the audiogram of the ear of the animal. The auditory responses were not particularly sensitive to binaural intensity differences. On the basis of the response properties of these neurons to sound and the receptive field properties of the adjacent somatosensory areas, we suggest that the function of the auditory area in the cerebellar hemisphere may be in the control of movements involved in vocalization.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Failure of dithiothreitol and pronase to reveal a false-positive cryptococcal antigen determination in cerebrospinal fluid.

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and a serum rheumatoid factor (RF) of 1:1,280 had a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) latex agglutination test (LAT) for cryptococcal antigen, in culture-negative, India-ink-negative CSF. Pretreatment of the sample of CSF with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) ablated the antigen titer and established the presence of a false-positive LAT, whereas CSF pretreated with dithiothreitol (DTT) and pronase continued to yield a false-positive result. The differing ability of pronase, DTT, and 2-ME to eliminate interfering substances from CSF has not been previously described. Moreover, because RF is unlikely to cross the blood-brain barrier, the authors postulated that malignant disease was responsible for the patient's false-positive LAT in CSF. Hence, the authors report the case to emphasize that false-positive LAT results in CSF are unlikely to be produced by RF and to underscore the benefit of using enzymatic and sulfhydryl-reducing agents when the validity of the initial test results are in doubt. Such a procedure will optimize the chances of accurately identifying false-positive LAT results in CSF.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Modified immunoblotting technique for phenotyping lipoprotein(a).

We describe a modified immunoblotting method for phenotyping lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. This immunoblotting procedure uses commercially available reagents that have a long shelf life. The method is sensitive and takes only 18 microL of sera. Lp(a) phenotyping can be performed on sera stored at 4 degrees C for as much as a week or at -80 degrees C for as long as a year. In a study of 145 unrelated healthy subjects, we found Lp(a) allelic frequencies of LpF = 1.8%, LpB = 2.6%, LpS1 = 5.1%, LpS2 = 14.8%, LpS3 = 35.9%, LpS4 = 11.6%, and LpO = 28.0%.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Target areas of presumed auditory projections from lateral and dorsolateral pontine nuclei to posterior cerebellar vermis in rat.

Small injections of the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase were made into lobules V through X in the posterior cerebellar vermis of the rat. Labeled cells were counted in the auditory subdivisions of the pontine nuclei, the lateral and dorsolateral pontine nuclei. The results suggest that, within the posterior vermis, lobules VI, VII, and VIII together receive over 90% of projections from the lateral and dorsolateral pontine nuclei.

Animals↗