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Biomedical subjects

C M Henderson

Publications and source records attributed to C M Henderson.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Associations between behavior disorders and health status among older adults with intellectual disability.

Few studies have examined the relationship of behavior and health status among aging persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Behavioral disorders, which often are coincident with functional decline in older persons with I/DD, may be more related to medical morbidity than previously reported. This cross-sectional study examined the association between health status and behavior disorders with increasing age in a cohort of 60,752 adults with I/DD clustered into four adult-age groupings (21-44, 45-59, 60-74, and >74). Age grouping data suggested an association between morbidity and increased likelihood of behavior symptoms in all but the oldest age grouping. The magnitude of the association and trend varied by specific disease across age groupings compared to that found in healthy cohorts. About 25% of the adults with I/DD had psychiatric diagnoses and the frequency of such diagnoses did not decrease with age grouping. These results suggest that adverse health status may increase the likelihood of persistent behavioral disturbances in older persons with I/DD. Moreover, behavioral disorders may be sentinels for occult medical morbidity, which in turn may be responsive to intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Health characteristics and health services utilization in older adults with intellectual disability living in community residences.

BACKGROUND: The health status and health needs of adults with intellectual disability (ID) change with advancing age, and are often accompanied by difficulties with vision, hearing, mobility, stamina and some mental processes. AIM: The present study collected health status information on a large cohort of adults with ID aged > or = 40 years living in small group, community-based residences in two representative areas of New York State, USA. METHOD: Adult group home residents with ID aged between 40 and 79 years (n = 1371) were surveyed to determine their health status and patterns of morbidity. RESULTS: Most subjects were characterized as being in good health. The frequency of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratory conditions, and sensory impairments increased with age, while neurological, endocrine and dermatological diseases did not. Psychiatric and behavioural disorders declined with increasing age, at least through 70 years of age. Although most conditions increased with age, their frequency varied by sex and level of ID. Frequencies of age-related organ system morbidity were compared to data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey III. It was found that adults with ID had a lower overall reported frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and adult-onset diabetes. Inconsistencies with mortality data among older adults with ID were observed (which showed equal if not greater prevalence of deaths as a result of cardiovascular disease and cancer). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that either a cohort effect is operating (i.e. contemporary populations are healthier than previous populations), or that there may be under-recognition of select risk factors and diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ethanol-induced conditioned place aversion in mice.

Previous studies have shown that ethanol produces conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice when injections are given immediately before exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS). Paradoxically, however, injection of ethanol immediately after the CS produces conditioned place aversion (CPA). Four experiments were conducted to characterize the parametric boundaries of CPA produced by post-CS ethanol exposure. Experiment 1 showed that CPA is positively related to ethanol dose, with significant CPA at 2 and 4 g / kg, but not at 1 g / kg. Experiment 2 revealed an inverse relationship between CPA and trial duration, i.e. significant CPA occurred when the trial duration was 5, 15 or 30 min, but not when it was 60 or 90 min. Experiment 3 indicated that ethanol pre-exposure (eight daily injections) significantly reduced subsequent development of CPA. Finally, experiment 4 showed that repeated exposure to the CS alone (six 30 min exposures to each CS) after CS-ethanol pairings produced complete extinction of CPA. The same extinction procedure also completely eliminated CPP induced by pre-CS injections of ethanol. Overall, these studies demonstrate that CPA induced by post-CS ethanol injection is influenced by many of the same variables that affect CPP produced by pre-CS ethanol injection in mice. However, these findings do not resolve the issue of whether the 'before-versus-after' effect in ethanol place conditioning is better explained by assuming ethanol produces only rewarding effects or by assuming that ethanol produces both rewarding and aversive effects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Extinction of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference and conditioned place aversion: effects of naloxone.

Four experiments examined the effect of naloxone pretreatment on the expression and extinction of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (experiments 1, 2, 4) or conditioned place aversion (experiments 1, 3). DBA/2 J mice received four pairings of a distinctive tactile (floor) stimulus (CS) with injection of ethanol (2 g/kg) given either immediately before or after 5-min exposure to the CS. A different stimulus was paired with injection of saline. Pre-CS injection of ethanol produced conditioned place preference, whereas post-CS injection of ethanol produced conditioned place aversion. Both behaviors extinguished partially during repeated choice testing after vehicle injection. Naloxone (10 mg/kg) had little effect on the initial expression of conditioned place preference, but facilitated its extinction. Moreover, repeated naloxone testing resulted in the expression of a weak conditioned place aversion to the CS that initially elicited a place preference. In contrast, naloxone (1.5 or 10 mg/kg) enhanced expression of conditioned place aversion, thereby increasing its resistance to extinction. A control experiment (experiment 4) indicated that repeated testing with a different aversive drug, lithium chloride, did not affect rate of extinction or produce an aversion to the CS previously paired with ethanol. These findings do not support the suggestion that naloxone facilitates the general processes that underlie extinction of associative learning. Also, these data are not readily explained by the conditioning of place aversion at the time of testing. Rather, naloxone's effects appear to reflect a selective influence on maintenance of ethanol's conditioned rewarding effect, an effect that may be mediated by release of endogenous opioids. Overall, these findings encourage further consideration of the use of opiate antagonists in the treatment of alcoholism.

Alcohol Deterrents↗
PubMed1996

Preretirement planning of female registered nurses.

Knowledge of preretirement planning among women has not been a major focal point for researchers. The purpose of this study was to test a model for understanding preretirement planning among working women and to describe and explain preretirement health and financial plans. A multivariate method of analysis was used with a sample of 145 working female registered nurses, 40 years of age or older, from a major health sciences institution. Data were collected with a mailed questionnaire that measured knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of women regarding health and financial preretirement planning. The results of this study indicated that formal and informal methods of planning for retirement were limited. Knowledge of health maintenance issues and economic issues were found to be helpful in making plans for the retirement years. This study identifies strengths and weaknesses in the preretirement planning process of working women and contributes to the expansion of knowledge to reduce problems during retirement.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Perioperative experience: an essential component for nursing education.

1. Many of today's nursing curricula have limited or no exposure in perioperative nursing. This deficit probably has contributed to the current crisis level in the shortage of nurses occurring in this area. 2. As a recruitment tool and orientation package, the clinical practicum and perioperative elective are a cost-effective means of teaching, increase the self-esteem of the graduates, and provide long-term problem solving experiences. 3. In addition to applying accrued theory to a clinical setting for an extended period, students are allowed to experience an area of nursing without a formal commitment to an agency.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1986

Joint pharmacy/nursing procedure for monitoring unit dose distribution and unadministered doses.

This article describes a procedure that uses a multidisciplinary approach to quality assurance in a unit-dose distribution system. The procedure described here uses an assigned nurse and one member of the pharmacy staff (pharmacist, technician/intern) on each nursing unit to check the physical contents of medication cassettes as well as compare pharmacy patient profiles with nursing medication administration records. In examining data from a 184 calendar day period, there was an average of 822 doses of medication per day, including IV admixtures and piggybacks, checked using this system. The time spent in the checking process was approximately 40 minutes per day for each of the three pharmacy staff members performing the check. The average daily census during this period was 60 patients, located on two medical/surgical nursing units, a combined short-procedure unit/detox unit, and an eight-bed critical care unit. The procedure presented also includes a mechanism for the nursing staff to easily document unadministered doses in a manner that provides the pharmacy department with this information. The procedure described makes it extremely difficult for certain types of medication errors to extend beyond a 24-hour period. It also controls missing doses. We found during the 184-day period that only 12 doses were reported missing from the cassettes after the check process. The low number of missing doses reported can be attributed to the fact that the assigned nurse and member of the pharmacy staff verify the presence of a 24-hour supply of medication.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299↗
PubMed1983

Posterior-lateral foraminotomy as an exclusive operative technique for cervical radiculopathy: a review of 846 consecutively operated cases.

Between 1963 and 1980, one or more posterior-lateral foraminotomies were performed for simple cervical radiculopathy as the sole operative procedure for 736 patients. One hundred three patients (14%) required a second posterior procedure, but only 24 (3%) cases represented true recurrent radiculopathy. There were 13 minor complications (1.5%) and no deaths or detectable incidence of air embolism. All operations were done with the patient in the sitting position. Central venous pressure monitoring was used only infrequently. There was a 96% incidence of relief of significant arm pain and/or paresthesia and a 98% incidence of resolution of preoperatively present motor deficit. Eight hundred twenty-eight procedures (98%) were preceded by Pantopaque cervical myelography. There was a 71.5% incidence of correlation between preoperative clinical findings (both sensory and motor) and operative findings. In 13% of the cases, two spaces were thought by the operating surgeon to be equally involved by the spondylotic process. Most (91.5%) of the patients describe themselves as either "good or excellent" postoperatively. There was no significant difference postoperatively regarding results or recurrence between patients with suspected soft or hard disc protrusions and those with strictly spondylotic radiculopathy. Nor was there any statistical difference in results among the three patient population groups ("private" vs. compensation vs. liability). The mean length of time to return to work or other "normal" activities was 9.4 weeks. The mean length of follow-up time was 146 weeks (2.8 years). There was an associated incidence of significant lumbar disc and/or foraminal disease requiring operation of 33.4%.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1980

Evaluating the rat inner ear. A technique using scanning electron microscopy.

The laboratory rat is the most commonly used species in safety evaluation of pharmaceutical compounds. However, surface preparations of the organ of Corti (OC) are difficult to perform in this species largely due to problems in removing the thick, bony otic capsule. A modified technique was developed using rapid decalcification to solve this problem. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to quantitate hair cell damage and/or loss after exposure of the OC by microdissection. It was found that hair cell loss and amage could be easily detected and quantified in rats given gentamicin sulfate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mortality and morbidity among older adults with intellectual disability: health services considerations.

PURPOSE: Described is a study of the mortality and morbidity characteristics of 2752 adults with intellectual disability, age 40 and older, who died over a 10 year period in one American state. RESULTS: The main finding was that although individuals in the current generation of older adults with intellectual disability still generally die at an earlier age than do adults in the general population (average age at death: 66.1 years), many adults with intellectual disability live as long as their age peers in the general population. The results suggest that the longevity of adults with intellectual disability, whose aetiology is not attributable to organic causes, is progressively increasing. The results also confirm an increased longevity for adults with Down syndrome (average age at death: 55.8 years). Findings also showed that the causes of death for the study cohort were similar to those of the general older population, with cardiovascular, respiratory and neoplastic diseases among the most prominent causes of death. CONCLUSIONS: It was proposed that clinical and prophylactic health practices could have significant social and health care consequences for delaying the onset or minimizing the occurrence of life threatening diseases (and thus prolonging life) in adults with intellectual disability. It was suggested that clinical practices could be implemented that deter the onset and lessen the impact and burden of older age-related diseases and secondary conditions and that greater attention needs to be given to training of health care professionals in the area of geriatric medicine and intellectual disability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proactive versus reactive recruitment and retention strategies.

With so many options available to nurses today, it is imperative to recognize the importance of not only recruiting but retaining nurses within the organization as well as the profession. This study identifies recruitment and retention strategies that nurses deem important. Although numerous responses were noted, continuing education was the most frequently cited benefit for recruitment and retention of nurses.

Adult↗