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Biomedical subjects

C M Flaitz

Publications and source records attributed to C M Flaitz.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetic cavity preparation effects on secondary caries formation around resin restorations: a polarized light microscopic in vitro evaluation.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of conventional handpiece and kinetic cavity preparation (KCP, air abrasion) techniques of cavity preparation on caries-like enamel lesion formation. After a fluoride-free prophylaxis, twelve human molars were examined macroscopically to ensure that buccal and lingual surfaces were caries-free. Unfilled cavities were prepared in mesiobuccal (conventional [CU]) and mesiolingual (air abrasion [AU]) enamel surfaces. Cavities were prepared in distobuccal (conventional [CF]) and distolingual (air abrasion [AF]) enamel surfaces and restored with composite resin following placement of a bonding agent. Acid-etching of cavity walls was performed only with the conventionally prepared cavities restored with resin. Air abrasion (KCP) prepared cavities were restored without acid-etching of the cavity walls. Teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5 degrees to 50 degrees C, 500 cycles) and exposed to an artificial caries medium for caries initiation and progression. After caries formation, two longitudinal sections were taken from unfilled and filled cavity preparations and examined by polarized light microscopy for wall lesion presence and mean surface lesion depth. Surface lesion depths were similar among groups after the caries initiation period (CU = 225 microns; AU = 237 microns; CF = 241 microns; AF = 251 [p > .05, ANOVA, DMR]), and progression (CU = 437 microns; AU = 415 microns; CF = 405 microns; AF = 429 um [p > 0.05, ANOVA, DMR]). Extensive wall lesions were present in all CU and AU; while small wedge-shaped wall lesions were significantly (p < .05, ANOVA, DMR) fewer in CF (19 percent & 21 percent) and AF (17 percent & 21 percent) following caries initiation and progression compared with unfilled controls. Resin restorations placed in cavities prepared by air abrasion (KCP) and conventional handpiece techniques provided similar degrees of protection against a secondary caries-like challenge.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Palatal blue nevus in a child.

The intraoral blue nevus occurs infrequently in children. This case report describes the clinical features of an acquired blue nevus in a 7 year-old girl that involved the palatal mucosa. A differential diagnosis and justification for surgical excision of this oral lesion are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gingival enlargement associated with a partially erupted mandibular molar.

Odontogenic lesions may present as enlarged opercula and result in the delayed eruption of teeth. This case report describes the clinical and microscopic features of a peripheral odontogenic fibroma in a 13-year-old boy that involved the overlying gingiva of a partially erupted, mandibular second molar. A differential diagnosis and treatment for lesions presenting as gingival enlargements in the molar region are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Painful tongue lesions associated with a food allergy.

Transient lingual papillitis is an inflammatory disease of the tongue that can be very symptomatic in children. This case report describes the clinical features of transient lingual papillitis in a 7-year-old boy that was associated with a food allergy. The potential causes of this condition are reviewed and a differential diagnosis is provided.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride varnishes and caries development in primary tooth enamel: an in vitro study.

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of fluoride varnishes on caries development in primary tooth enamel using polarized light microscopic techniques. A total of forty extracted or exfoliated primary teeth with intact, caries-free smooth surfaces underwent a fluoride-free prophylaxis and soft tissue were assigned to one of the following groups: 1) duraphat (5 percent sodium fluoride, vanish, Colgate, n=10); 2) Duraflor (5 percent sodium fluoride, Pharmascience, n = 10); 3 Cavity Shield (5 percent sodium fluoride varnish, Omni, n=10); and 4) Control (n=10). An acid-resistant coating was applied to the specimens leaving an exposed window of sound enamel (5mm x 1mm). The fluoride varnishes were applied to the primary teeth according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Following thermocycling (500 cycles, 5-50 degrees C) of the fluoride varnish-treated and control teeth, a fluoride-free pumice toothbrushing was performed to remove visible and macroscopically (dissecting microscope at 16x) detectable fluoride varnish. An acid resistant coating was reapplied where necessary, leaving the fluoride varnish treated sound enamel window exposed. Following in vitro caries formation (2.2mM Ca, 2.2mM PO4 50mM acetic acid, 0.5ppm fluoride, pH 3.90), longitudinal sections (5 per specimen) were obtained and evaluated by polarized light microscopy for mean lesion depth. Comparisons were made among treatment and control groups.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental emergencies in a university-based pediatric dentistry postgraduate outpatient clinic: a retrospective study.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and types of dental emergencies occurring in a university-based, pediatric dentistry postgraduate outpatient clinic. All patients presenting for emergency dental care during scheduled clinic hours over a three year were identified, and their charts were retrieved. Each record was reviewed for demographic information, chief complaint and clinical diagnosis. Only those charts with both chief complaints and clinical diagnoses recorded were included in this study. A total of 816 patients received emergency care, representing 15.3 percent of all patient treated during the study period. The patient population had a slight female predilection (53 percent female, 47 percent male) and a mean age of 5.1 years (range 10 days to 15 years). Ethnicity (39 percent African-American, 36 percent Hispanic, 24 percent Caucasian <1 percent Asian-American) was similar to that for the clinic in general. Reimbursement for dental care was primarily via Medicaid (91 percent) with <10 percent covered by insurance or payment by responsible parents. For one quarter of the children, the emergency visit was their first dental visit. Reasons for seeking emergency included 1) pain or discomfort due to caries [30.1 percent] with 27 percent due to early childhood caries; 2) dental trauma [23 percent];3) eruption difficulties [18 percent] with 27 percent due to early childhood caries; 2) dental trauma [23 percent];3 eruption difficulties [18 percent];4) soft tissue pathoses [16 percent]; 5) problems with orthodontic appliances or space maintainers [10 percent]; and 6) lost restorations [2 percent]. Pain and bleeding were the most common reasons for seeking emergency dental care. Most causes for seeking outpatient emergency dental care are disease processes which may be avoided by infant oral health and preventive dentistry programs and early treatment intervention.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of parent and adolescent responses from independent health histories.

This study compared agreement of written responses between parent and adolescent concerning medical and psychosocial information from independent health histories during an initial medical visit. Records with two health histories completed separately by 268 parent/adolescent pairs were studied. The following medical questions were coded and compared: chief complaint, infectious diseases, review of systems, hospitalizations, accidents, allergies, and medications. Psychosocial questions included recreational drug use, sexual behavior, body image, home life, and mental health. Using three-factor repeated measures ANOVA, significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) were obtained for gender and age when comparing the mean scores for medical and psychosocial questions. These differences were found primarily in the psychosocial category and chief complaint question. Findings suggest that many adolescents are reliable informants about their medical histories, but private interviewing of the teenager may be necessary to determine high-risk behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic evaluation of pulpal therapy for primary anterior teeth.

A total of 144 anterior primary incisors with formocresol pulpotomies or pulpectomies comprised the study sample. Although the former had a moderately high success rate, those incisors treated with the latter procedure had a better prognosis. It may be the preferred treatment when the extent of pulpal involvement cannot be determined.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the anterograde amnesic effect of rectally administered diazepam in the sedated pedodontic patient.

Randomly, a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg of either diazepam in solution or sodium chloride was dispensed rectally to twelve preschool children. Before the local anesthetic injection, each child was shown a toy and, before dismissal, asked to identify the toy displayed earlier. Amnesia was observed in the majority of children during the diazepam treatment appointment.

Amnesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dens invaginatus with partial coronal agenesis: report of case.

This developmental phenomenon may occur in as many as 10 percent of maxillary lateral incisor teeth. The case described in this report occurred in a maxillary right central incisor which was also inflicted with a partial coronal agenesis.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind comparison of rectally administered diazepam to placebo for pediatric sedation: the cardiovascular response.

The sedative and cardiovascular effects of rectally administered diazepam (0.6 mg/kg) were compared to placebo in uncooperative children who required sedation during dental treatment. Twelve healthy preschool children, who required amalgam restorations, were treated during two standardized restorative appointments in a double-blind, crossover study. Blood pressure and pulse were obtained during four specified intervals during the appointment. The behavior of the children during the treatment visits was videotaped and later statistically analyzed using a kinesics/vocalization instrument. Behavioral ratings of cooperation were significantly improved during the treatment visit following diazepam. All interfering bodily movements, patient vocalizations and operator commands for the diazepam group were reduced significantly (p≤0.0001). No significant differences were observed for noninterfering behavioral response. Rectally administered diazepam did not alter blood pressure or pulse significantly in these sedated children when compared to the placebo. These findings indicate that rectal diazepam is an effective sedative agent with minimal effect on the cardiovascular system for the management of the young pediatric dental patient.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential diagnosis of oral enlargements in children.

The purpose of this article is to review soft tissue and bony enlargements that typically occur in the oral and perioral region of children. In order to organize these lesions into a thorough but comprehensible format, the principles of differential diagnosis must be used. All oral enlargements are broadly classified as soft tissue or bony abnormalities. Determination of the specific lesion category is based primarily on a prominent feature that demonstrates the nature of the lesion, followed by the secondary clinical features and any contributory patient information. Classification of exophytic soft tissue entities includes: papillary surface enlargements, acute inflammatory enlargements, reactive hyperplasias, benign submucosal cysts and neoplasms, and aggressive and malignant neoplasms. Bony enlargements of the maxilla and mandible are divided into three categories: inflammatory lesions, benign cystic and neoplastic lesions, and aggressive and malignant lesions. This extensive topic is summarized on flow charts for easy reference with emphasis on grouping together lesions with common characteristics.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Argon laser irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment in caries-like lesion formation in enamel: an in vitro study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the combined effects of argon laser irradiation (ArI) and acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment (APF) on caries-like lesion formation in human enamel. Each specimen was divided into tooth quarters with each quarter assigned to one of four groups: 1) control; 2) ArI Only; 3) ArI before APF treatment; 4) APF treatment before ArI. After a fluoride-free prophylaxis, acid-resistant varnish was applied to the tooth quarters, leaving sound enamel windows exposed on buccal and lingual surfaces. Argon laser irradiation was at 2 watts for 10s (100J/cm2). APF treatment was with a 1.23% APF gel for 4 min. Lesions were created in sound enamel windows with an acidified gel. After lesion formation, sections were obtained and imbibed with water for polarized light study. Body of the lesion depths were determined and compared among the four groups. Lesion depths were: 195 +/- 23 microns for control; 129 +/- 17 microns for ArI only; 96 +/- 14 microns for ArI before APF; and 88 +/- 11 microns for APF before ArI. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the control group and all treatment groups, and between the ArI only group and both combined APF and ArI groups. Significant difference (P > 0.05) was not found between the ArI before APF and the APF before ArI groups. Laser irradiation alone reduced lesion depth by 34% compared with control lesions. When ArI was combined with APF treatment, lesion depth decreased by more than 50% compared with control lesions, and by 26 to 32% when compared with lased-only lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of the acid-etch technique in remineralization of caries-like lesions of enamel: a polarized light and scanning electron microscopic study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of acid-etching on remineralization of caries-like lesions with calcifying fluids (CF). Caries-like lesions were created in two windows of sound enamel on both buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars. A central longitudinal section was taken from each tooth to serve as control lesions (CL). Each tooth was then sectioned into quarters and each quarter assigned to one of four groups: 1) 1mM Ca CF Remineralized (RC1); 2) 1mM Ca CF Remineralized Etch (RE1); 3) 3mM Ca CF Remineralized (RC3); 4) 3mM Ca CF Remineralized Etch (RE3). Lesions in the etch groups were exposed to 30 percent H3PO4 for 30s prior to CF. Etch and non-etch groups were treated with 1mM or 3mM Ca CFs (prepared from HAP [Ca/P ratio = 1.63], pH 7.0, 0.05mM F-) for ten 60-second periods, interspersed with deionized water rinses. Mean lesion depths were determined using a digitized tablet. Following 1mM Ca CF, mean lesion depths were: 179 microns for CL, 157 microns for RC1 and 118 microns for RE1. Following 3mM Ca CF, mean lesion depths were: 188 microns for CL, 171 microns for RC3 and 143 microns for RE3. SEM topographic features of the remineralized etched lesions consisted of adherent surface coatings with finely globular patterns in the 1mM Ca CF group and densely adherent surface coatings which masked the effects of etching in the 3mM Ca CF group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remineralization of caries-like lesions of enamel with acidulated calcifying fluids: a polarized light microscopic study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of acidulated calcifying fluids (CF) on remineralization of caries-like lesions of enamel. Lesions were created in sound enamel using an acidified gel. Central longitudinal sections were taken from each tooth (N = 20) following lesion formation to serve as control lesions (CL). Each tooth was sectioned into quarters and each quarter was assigned to one of four groups: 1) 1 mM calcium CF at pH 7.0 (CF1); 2) 1 mM calcium CF at pH 5.0 (ACF1); 3) 3 mM calcium CF at pH 7.0 (CF3); 4) 3 mM calcium CF at pH 5.0 (ACF3). Tooth quarters were treated with assigned CFs (HAP [Ca/P = 1.63], pH 7.0 or 5.0, 0.05 mM Fl) for ten 60-sec periods. Longitudinal sections were prepared and imbibed in water for polarized light study. Mean lesion depths were determined and compared (ANOVA and DMR). With 1 mM calcium CFs, mean lesion depths were 187 microns for CL, 154 microns for CF1 and 133 microns for ACF1. With 3 mM calcium CFs, mean lesion depths were 192 microns for CL, 172 for CF3 and 149 for ACF3. Acidulated (22%, 29%) and nonacidulated (10%, 18%) CFs resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.05) in lesion depths when compared with control lesions. Acidulated CFs (13%, 14%) resulted in significant lesion depth reductions (P < 0.05) when compared with nonacidulated CFs. The acidulated 1 mM calcium CF produced the greatest degree of remineralization. Acidulation of CFs enhanced the degree of remineralization over that attained by nonacidulated CFs. This improvement in remineralizing ability of acidulated calcifying fluids may be due to creation of a more reactive enamel surface.

Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of carbamide peroxide whitening agents on enamel surfaces and caries-like lesion formation: an SEM and polarized light microscopic in vitro study.

Whitening enamel with carbamide peroxide (CP) to remove cosmetically displeasing stains has become common-place in dental practice. This in vitro study evaluated CP treatment effects on enamel surface morphology and caries-like lesion susceptibility. Tooth quarters were prepared from 10 caries-free human molars following a fluoride-free prophylaxis. The tooth quarters were assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) Distobuccal-10 percent NW gel (Nite White, Discus Dental); 2) Distolingual-10 percent PL paste (Platinum, Colgate); 3) Mesiobuccal-16 percent NW gel; and 4) Mesiolingual-Control. Following the manufacturers' recommended treatment, each quarter was sectioned with one portion prepared for SEM and the other portion for caries-like lesion formation. Intact enamel surfaces were present with all treatments. Enamel prism markings with exaggerated prism peripheries and mild to moderate prism core loss were seen with both 10 percent NW and 16 percent NW gels, but was more prominent with 16 percent NW gel. Amorphous surface layers with occasional exposure of indistinct prism markings occurred with 10 percent PL paste. Body of lesion mean depths were 135 microns control, 159 microns 16 percent NW, 144 microns 10 percent NW, and 122 microns 10 percent PL. Lesion depths were significantly different (p < 0.05 DMR paired design) between 10 percent PL and 16 percent NW, and between control and 16 percent NW. Whitening enamel surfaces in vitro with 10 percent carbamide peroxide paste containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (Colgate-Platinum) produced an amorphous surface layer and reduced caries susceptibility when compared with 16 percent carbamide peroxide gel (Nite White).

Carbamide Peroxide↗