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Biomedical subjects

C M Coppin

Publications and source records attributed to C M Coppin.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The combination of cyproterone acetate and low dose diethylstilbestrol in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Cyproterone acetate is a steroidal antiandrogen with weak progestational activity that results in the partial suppression of pituitary gonadotropin. We demonstrate that the associated decrease in serum testosterone is more complete and prolonged if cyproterone acetate (200 mg. daily) is combined with a low dose of diethylstilbestrol (0.1 mg. daily). The effectiveness of the combination in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma was investigated in 51 patients with stage D2 malignancy. From an initial concentration of 360 +/- 23 ng. per dl. (mean +/- standard error), serum testosterone decreased to 56 +/- 5 ng. per dl. after 1 week and reached a plateau of approximately 30 ng. per dl. after 2 months. This was accompanied by a decrease in serum prostatic acid phosphatase from a mean starting concentration of 43 +/- 11 ng. per ml. to a low of 3 +/- 1 ng. per ml. at 12 months; the proportion of normal values increased from 10 to 80 per cent. A complete response was observed in 7 patients (13 per cent), partial response in 35 (69 per cent) and stable disease in 8 (16 per cent), yielding an over-all objective response rate of 98 per cent (1980 National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria). The actuarial median time to progression was 17 months and the median survival time was 23.5 months. In 26 patients who subsequently had signs of progressive carcinoma the relapse rate in bone (85 per cent) far exceeded that in nonskeletal sites (23 per cent). The incidence of cardiovascular toxicity was 12 per cent. These results indicate that cyproterone acetate and low dose diethylstilbestrol may be co-administered to achieve a synergistic and potent androgen withdrawal effect in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Renal magnesium wasting and hypocalciuria in chronic cis-platinum nephropathy in man.

1. The renal handling of calcium and magnesium was studied in six patients with persistent hypomagnesaemia after cis-platinum treatment for testicular tumours. 2. In comparison with normal subjects, the patients showed hypomagnesaemia (mean 0.54 mmol/l), which was associated with a normal urinary magnesium excretion (mean 4.83 mmol/24 h). Urinary calcium excretion was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal subjects (mean 2.05 vs 5.15 mmol/24 h, respectively; P less than 0.01), despite slightly higher total serum calcium levels (2.53 vs 2.38 mmol/l, respectively; P less than 0.05). During magnesium chloride infusion, when serum magnesium levels were comparable in patients and controls, urinary calcium excretion remained lower in the patients, indicating that hypomagnesaemia was not the cause of the hypocalciuria. 3. Dietary magnesium supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the serum magnesium levels in the patients, while dietary magnesium deprivation resulted in a comparable decrease in urinary magnesium excretion in patients and controls (to 1.46 and 2.00 mmol/day, respectively), although the serum magnesium level fell further (to 0.46 mmol/l) in the patients. 4. The dissociation of renal calcium and magnesium excretion appears to be part of the intrinsic tubular defect caused by cis-platinum. This dissociation of urinary calcium and magnesium excretion, which resembles that seen in Bartter's syndrome, may result from a lesion in the distal convoluted tubule.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

The description of chemotherapy delivery: options and pitfalls.

Delivered and planned drug doses in chemotherapy trials are analyzed in relation to dose size, dose rate, and total drug delivery. Time-dose factors are presented in different ways, further exploring what may be misleading when comparing one treatment program with another. The time frame over which treatment intensity is to be calculated is recognized as arbitrary and not necessarily from start to end of treatment. Considerations for doses missed are presented. The cumulative-dose plot represents a new method of data presentation. This method graphically captures both intensity and total drug delivery per patient, and is helpful when analyzing trials designed to isolate treatment variables and improve the therapeutic index of available drugs.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of lonidamine in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study.

The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase II study of lonidamine, given in an escalating oral daily schedule in patients with measurable advanced renal cell carcinoma. Two responses were seen in 25 evaluable patients. Toxicity was mild or moderate in most patients and included myalgia, nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and testicular pain. Lonidamine was not myelosuppressive. This agent had only minimal activity against renal cell carcinoma when given in this oral schedule.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of lonidamine in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study.

The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase II study of lonidamine, given in an escalating oral daily schedule to a maximum dose of 450 mg/m2 in patients with previously treated advanced breast cancer. Five responses were seen in 30 evaluable patients (17%). Treatment was discontinued because of toxicity in seven patients. Toxicity generally consisted of myalgia, nausea, vomiting, skin hyperesthesia, somnolence, and ototoxicity. All side effects were reversible and no hematologic toxicity was observed. The absence of myelosuppression and the suggestive lack of cross-resistance between lonidamine and standard chemotherapeutic drugs warrant further studies of lonidamine in breast cancer, particularly in combination with other agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Permanent suppression of phase separation cataract in calf lens using amine modification agents.

Low temperature induced opacification (cold cataract) of the nucleus of young mammalian lenses is associated with a phase separation of proteins in the lens cell cytoplasm. Calf lenses were treated with a variety of imido-esters and N-hydroxysuccinimide-esters, which react specifically with amino groups. Many potent inhibitors of phase separation cataract were identified which lower the opacification temperature by 6 degrees C or more. Lenses generally remain clear, colorless and soft. Furthermore, suppression of the cold cataract temperature is permanent upon removal of excess reagent.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bleomycin and subsequent anaesthesia: a retrospective study at Vancouver General Hospital.

A retrospective review was made of 20 surgical procedures in 14 patients with testicular carcinoma, previously treated with bleomycin chemotherapy, to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Other studies have suggested an increased rate of pulmonary complications, including fatal respiratory failure, when inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) exceeds 0.3 during or after operation. There is a suggestion that bleomycin may sensitize the lungs to the effect of oxygen, leading to oxygen toxicity. This study involved patients whose inspired oxygen fraction ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 and only one non-fatal pulmonary complication occurred. The risks of anaesthesia following bleomycin are discussed with particular reference to possible enhanced oxygen toxicity.

Anesthesia↗