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Biomedical subjects

C M Chu

Publications and source records attributed to C M Chu.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Determinants for hepatitis B e antigen clearance in chronic type B hepatitis.

A 6-year (mean 24.5 months) longitudinal study has been undertaken in 237 HBeAg-positive patients with clinicopathologically verified chronic hepatitis. HBeAg clearance occurred in 74 patients at a rate of 16% per year, and a cumulative probability of 67% at the end of a 5-year follow-up. HBeAg clearance was preceded by a temporary "exacerbation" with SGPT greater than 300 IU/L in 62% of the patients. On the other hand, irrespective of the level of SGPT elevation, only 23% of such exacerbations were followed by HBeAg clearance. Further analysis indicates that alphafetoprotein greater than 100 ng/ml, frequently associated with bridging hepatic necrosis, during "exacerbation" predicts HBeAg clearance. In addition, patients with chronic lobular hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis have a higher annual HBeAg clearance rate than patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and nonspecific histologic changes (greater than 15% vs less than 8%, P less than 0.03). Short-term immunosuppressive treatment did not delay HBeAg seroconversion. Male patients had a higher annual HBeAg clearance rate than female patients (18.2% vs 8.7%, P less than 0.05). It was concluded that, in addition to the time factor, the nature of chronic hepatitis, the extent of hepatic damage during "exacerbation", and the sex of the patients are important determinants for HBeAg clearance.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Jaundice after open heart surgery: a prospective study.

One hundred and fifty four consecutive adult patients having cardiac surgery for a variety of cardiac lesions were evaluated prospectively for postoperative jaundice, those with a raised preoperative serum bilirubin concentration (greater than 34 mumol/l or 2 mg/100 ml) being excluded. The incidence of early postoperative jaundice, as defined by a serum bilirubin concentration of 50 mumol/l (3.0 mg/100 ml) or greater, was 23.4%. The jaundice was mild (bilirubin concentration 51-100 mumol/l (3.0-6.0 mg/100 ml] in 26 patients (16.9%) and moderate to severe (greater than 100 mumol/l (6.0 mg/100 ml] in 10 patients (6.5%). Important contributing factors were the preoperative severity of right heart failure (raised right atrial pressure at heart catheterisation) and hypotension or hypoxaemia and the amount of blood transfused during or shortly after surgery. Age, sex, underlying cardiac lesion, whether halothane was used, operative procedure, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and presence or absence of hepatitis B surface antigen were not predictive of postoperative jaundice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The etiology of acute viral hepatitis in an endemic area of hepatitis A and B.

To understand the etiology of acute viral hepatitis in an endemic area of hepatitis A and B, serological markers of hepatitis were studied by radioimmunoassay in a consecutive series of 145 adult patients with biopsy-verified acute viral hepatitis. Seven (4.8%) were classified as hepatitis A, 92 (63.5%) as hepatitis B, and 46 (31.7%) as hepatitis non-A, non-B. Most persons with severe acute viral hepatitis were hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg)-positive, and hepatitis A appears to play a minor role if any. The evidence also implies that non-B hepatitis may have occurred intercurrently in chronic HBsAg carriers in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Clinical and histological events preceding hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic type B hepatitis.

A 60-mo longitudinal study has been undertaken in 99 HBeAg-positive patients with clinicopathologically verified chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B e antigen clearance occurred in 30 patients at a rate of approximately 17% per year. A phenomenon of abrupt elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (greater than 300 IU/L) with histological changes compatible with chronic lobular hepatitis was observed in 13 of 20 patients (65%) preceding spontaneous HBeAg clearance. In contrast, 8 of 10 patients on immunosuppressive or antiviral therapy, or both, had uneventful HBeAg clearance. It was concluded that HBeAg clearance can occur in patients with varying immunologic status. The mechanism responsible for HBeAg clearance awaits further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Simultaneous acute infections with hepatitis non-A, non-B, and B viruses.

A case of overt acute hepatitis acquired through accidental needle stick was reported. The episode of hepatitis was classified as non-A, non-B because no hepatitis B marker or IgM-anti-HAV was detected during the peak of hepatitis. Concurrent with non-A, non-B hepatitis, subclinical acute hepatitis B virus infection might have developed as evidence by de novo hepatitis B seroconversion 6 weeks later. It was concluded that hepatitis B and non-A, non-B viruses can be transmitted simultaneous by the same carrier, and can acutely infect the recipient simultaneously with possible viral interference.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Occurrence of temperature-sensitive influenza A viruses in nature.

The origin and characteristics of the first naturally occurring temperature-sensitive (ts) strain of influenza A virus identified in 1973, Xia-ts, are described. Natural ts strains were found to occur in the early egg passage material of all influenza A subtypes examined, but the proportion of ts virus varied from 8.3% for old H1N1 virus (1949 to 1957) to 82.4% for recent H3N2 virus (1979 to 1980). A number of strains were found to be composed of a mixture of ts and wild-type (ts+) particles. Six natural ts strains with different shutoff temperatures and one ts+ strain of the H1N1 subtype were tested in antibody-free volunteers. Strains with a shutoff temperature of 38 degrees C or lower caused very mild symptoms, whereas those with a shutoff temperature of 39 degrees C and the ts+ strain were much more reactogenic. By complementation tests against a set of prototype WSN ts mutants with a defined genetic lesion, the ts lesion of two H3N2 viruses (HK/8/68 and Xia-ts) was located on the NP gene and that of two H1N1 viruses (Tianjin/78/77 and Beijing/1/79) was located on the M protein gene. The present study demonstrates the widespread occurrence in nature of influenza viruses of different degrees of temperature sensitivity and presumably of different degrees of virulence.

Chromosome Mapping↗