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Biomedical subjects

C M Chen

Publications and source records attributed to C M Chen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Treatment of unstable tibial fractures with interlocking nail versus Ender nail: a prospective evaluation.

BACKGROUND: For unstable tibial fractures, there are many methods of surgical treatment. The efficacy of the Ender nail and the interlocking nail in the treatment of such fractures is examined. METHODS: One hundred and seven cases of unstable tibial shaft fractures were collected for the prospective study. Randomly, 61 tibia were fixed with interlocking nails and 46, with Ender nails. The mean follow-up period was 30.5 (23 to 40) months. The results of the different treatments were compared. RESULTS: In the group with interlocking nails, the average blood loss was 265 cc; operation time was 61 minutes; hospital days were 10.4; and union time was 15.1 weeks for closed fractures and 17 weeks for Winquist-Hansen type III and IV fractures. In the group with Ender nails, the average blood loss was 135 cc, operation time was 32 minutes, hospital days were 8.3 days, and union time was 17.6 weeks for closed fractures and 22.5 weeks for Winquist-Hansen type III and IV fractures. Student t-test revealed statistically significant difference between the groups in all of the data described above. However, treatment with the different nails showed no significant difference in results for open type I and II fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Ender nail still has its superior usefulness in some aspects of treatment of less comminuted unstable tibial shaft fractures, but for the more comminuted unstable tibial shaft fractures, the interlocking nail is undoubtedly better used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy for early breast cancer.

Breast conservation is not a commonly prescribed treatment option for breast cancer in Taiwan. We report 42 patients with 43 early-stage breast cancers who were treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy at the Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center from April 1990 to December 1994. Included in this study were 33 patients with stage I cancers and 10 with stage II. Breast-conserving surgery consisted of wide local excision and ipsilateral axillary lymph node dissection. Radiotherapy was given 2 to 6 weeks after surgery, with a dose of 46 to 50 Gy, 2 Gy per fraction per day, to the whole breast, and an additional 14 to 18 Gy to the original tumor site. Irradiation to the regional lymph nodes was not performed in patients with negative axillary lymph nodes. Sixteen out of 43 (37%) patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. The local control rate 3 years after treatment was 97% and relapse-free survival was 91%. The cosmetic outcome in 41 treated breasts that were rendered relapse-free by conserving treatment were evaluated and graded by the physicians as excellent, good, fair or poor using a standardized scale. Forty breasts (98%) were scored as excellent or good for their cosmetic results. Breast-conserving surgery and radio-therapy offer Taiwanese women with early breast cancer excellent local control and a highly satisfactory cosmetic outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of open tibial fracture with Ender nail.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the effect of Ender nail in management of open type I and II unstable tibial fractures. METHODS: From 1984 to 1993, 30 cases of open unstable tibial shaft fracture (with fibular fracture) were collected in the retrospective study. All were fixed with Ender nails. The followup period was 99 (24-135) months. RESULTS: The average of blood loss was 140 cc, operation time 45 minutes, hospital day 10 days, and union time 20.5 weeks. Student t-test revealed statistically significant difference between open type I cases and type II cases in some parameters described above. CONCLUSIONS: Ender nail is effective in the treatment of open type I and II unstable tibial shaft fractures, but it should be used carefully, especially in cases with more comminution.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Nutrition status of the Chinese people.

Based on the available data collected with national nutritional survey, nutrition surveillance and the child surveys since 1987, analysis on food consumption, dietary pattern and nutrition status of the Chinese people has been done. The data sets used for the analysis are as follows. (1) 1987 Child Survey in 9 Provinces-91,011 preschool children were sampled. (2) 1992 National Child Survey-570,704 children under the age of 15 were sampled, with anthropometric measurement of 185,965 children under the age of 5. (3) 1990 Nutrition Surveillance-State Statistic Bureau (SSB) household survey in selected 7 provinces (including Beijing Municipality) with 8629 household samples in the urban and 11,840 households in the rural covered 5341 children under the age of 6, among which 1487 were in the urban and 3854 in the rural. (4) 1992 Third National Nutritional Survey-All the provinces and municipalities were covered with 25,033 household samples, among which 8474 were in the urban and 16,559 in the rural. 99,749 residents were surveyed, among which 30,723 were in the urban and 69,026 in the rural. Dietary survey data is used for comparison on food consumption and nutrient intake with 1990 nutrition surveillance data.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Child malnutrition in China--present status and changing trend.

Halving the malnutrition of under five of years has been set as one of the goals to be achieved by the year of 2000 by Chinese government. So it is important to know the present status of child malnutrition and its trend of changing, in order to predict the possible outcome of the achievement of the goal. According to the Child Survey carried out by the State Statistic Bureau (SSB) in 26 provinces and autonomous regions and 3 municipalities in 1992, the prevalence of malnutrition of under five was: moderate and severe underweight, stunting and wasting were 17.9%, 34.7% and 4.7% respectively. But there are significant differences among urban and rural children and between different provinces. The highest prevalence rate usually occurred in the second year of life of the children, and this may be the result of inadequate weaning food provided to the children. As compared with the data collected in 1987 by SSB in 9 provinces and autonomous regions, an impressive improvement in underweight has occurred within these 5 years. The average declined prevalence was 20.5%. It is specially true for urban children. To stunting, there was also improvement for urban children but not in the rural, resulting and over all increasing of prevalence by 5.9%. To wasting, the prevalence for urban children was low and remained at the same level while there was some what increase in the rural. So, according to these results, with constant economic development and more attempt made in areas and groups at risk, the goal to decrease malnutrition in half in terms of underweight could be reached by the year of 2000.

Body Height↗
PubMed1996

Ender nail in unstable closed tibial fractures.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the effect of Ender nail in management of unstable closed tibial fractures. METHODS: From January 1985 to May 1992, 99 cases of unstable closed tibial shaft fractures (with fibular fractures) were collected for retrospective study. All the 99 tibiae were fixed with Ender nails. The mean follow up period was 80 (26-115 months). RESULTS: The clinical results were evaluated with special charts. The average blood loss was 126 ml. Operation time was 45 minutes. Hospital day was 10.2 days. Union time was 16.8 weeks for Winquist-Hansen (WH) type I-II fractures and 20.5 weeks for VVH type III-V fractures. Student t test revealed statistically significant differences between the clinical results of WH type I-II cases and those of WH type III-V cases. The postoperative complications included superficial infection in 1 case (1%), nail protrusion in 13 (13%), malunion in 10 (10%), aseptic nonunion in 2 (2%) and infected nonunion in 1 (1%) (overall 18% in the 99 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Ender nail is no doubt effective in treatment of less comminuted unstable tibial shaft fractures, but should be used carefully for more comminuted unstable tibial shaft fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Squamous cell carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: a case report.

A wide variety of neoplastic lesions may involve the ampulla of Vater, but squamous cell carcinoma has not been reported. Here we report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of papilla Vater. A 72-year-old Chinese female was manifested by obstructive jaundice and biliary tract infection. Duodenoscopic study revealed a polypoid mass with deep and broad ulcer on the ampulla of Vater. Histological examination revealed a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The gynecologist had examined the patient carefully and revealed a negative tumor survey. Other sources were also intensively studied but which revealed nothing. The patient developed biliary tree infection after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatic study so that percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography & drainage was performed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus were cultured from the drainaged bile. Radiotherapy was used and the bleeding was halted temporarily but the patient later expired due to persistent bleeding.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Vocal cord paralysis as an initial sign of multiple system atrophy in the central nervous system.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) of the central nervous system has been recognized as a rare cause of stridor secondary to vocal cord paralysis. This respiratory problem usually occurs in the later stages of the disease. We report the case of a 53-year-old man who presented with bilateral vocal cord paralysis accompanied by stridor and sleep apnea, which were relieved by a tracheostomy. Two years after the onset of stridor, he developed extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs combined with severe autonomic failure. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellum. This clinical picture is consistent with the diagnosis of MSA. Vocal cord paralysis preceding any other neurologic and autonomic manifestations has been infrequently described. This case should remind clinicians that MSA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vocal cord palsy of undetermined origin.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1996

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with eosinophilic myositis, peripheral neuropathy and central nervous system involvement.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder marked by a sustained overproduction of eosinophils and a predilection for damage to multiple organ systems. Its neurologic involvement ranges from the central to the peripheral nervous system, and can be associated with eosinophilic myositis. We report a 68-year-old woman who had eosinophilia, eosinophilic dermatitis and eosinophilic pneumonia. She also suffered from numbness and weakness of the lower limbs. Because of long-lasting (> 6 mo) eosinophilia (> 1.5 x 10(9)/L) in the peripheral blood and the fact that no other underlying causes of eosinophilia and neurologic involvement could be identified, a diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was made. The muscle biopsy showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, including a few eosinophils (Liu's stain). Magnetic resonance images, motor evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocities also showed abnormalities in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The pathogenesis and treatments of HES are discussed in this report.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Genotyping of hepatitis D virus by restriction-fragment length polymorphism and relation to outcome of hepatitis D.

The outcome of hepatitis D virus (HDV) superinfection varies among patients and in different geographical areas. To find out whether HDV genotype affects outcome, we used a simple genotyping method based on restriction-fragment length polymorphism with enzymes XhoI and SacII for cleavage of PCR products of the HDV genome. Of samples from 88 patients studied, the genotypes of 61 were confirmed by two methods--analysis with both enzymes or by combined restriction-enzyme and direct sequencing analyses--with consistent results. No genotype III HDV was detected among these patients. The majority of patients with acute HDV infection (35/41 [85%]) had genotype II HDV. Among the 41 patients with acute infection, four of six with genotype I had fulminant disease compared with two of 35 with genotype II. Among patients in chronic stage, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma were found in 12 of 18 with genotype I HDV and eight of 29 with genotype II. Thus genotype II was the predominant HDV genotype in this study in Taiwan. Genotype II HDV was less frequently associated with fulminant hepatitis at the acute stage or with an unfavourable long-term clinical outcome at the chronic stage than was genotype I.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Jun-B oncogene aberrations in cervical cancer cell lines.

We describe here structural and expression analysis of the jun-B oncogene in two cervical cancer cell lines. In the CC7T-a cell line, results from both Southern analysis and cDNA cloning studies revealed the existence of two structurally altered jun-B alleles besides the normal gene. One of the altered alleles was due to a type 16 human papillomavirus (HPV-16) integration event, whereas the other allele was a consequence of a chromosomal translocation involving chromosome 19 (jun-B) and an EST182 locus residing in chromosome 15. In the HeLa cell line, which contains integrated HPV-18, an apparent structural aberration, a 3-fold amplification and a 3-fold overexpression of the jun-B gene were observed. Our observations suggest that deregulation of the jun-B gene expression may have contributed to the transformation process in these two cervical cancer cell lines.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Determination of berberine in plasma, urine and bile by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of berberine in plasma, urine and bile samples is described. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and urine and bile samples were pretreated by organic solvent extraction using 5% 2-propanol in methylene chloride. Berberine was determined in all samples using an octyl reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of 60-63% acetonitrile in 0.1% phosphoric acid (pH 6.0) and with UV detection at 267 nm. The detection limits for berberine in plasma, urine and bile were 18.1 ng/ml, 2.3 ng/ml and 90.4 ng/ml, respectively. The recoveries of berberine by simple deproteinization of plasma and by solvent extraction of urine were 78.3 and 82.9%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision for plasma reported as coefficients of variation and relative errors were both less then 6%. The applicability of the assay to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies was demonstrated by the determination of berberine in plasma, urine and bile after intravenous and intramuscular administration to rabbits at a dose of 2 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Frequent deletions and sequence aberrations at the transgene junctions of transgenic mice carrying the papillomavirus regulatory and the SV40 TAg gene sequences.

Exogenous DNA microinjected into one-cell mouse zygotes either integrates into the host genome within a short time span, or is rapidly degraded. On integration, a transgene sequence is frequently reiterated. In this report, we describe the enzymatic amplification analysis of transgene junctions of 12 transgenic mice carrying different copy numbers of the same transgene with dissimilar ends. The transgene was composed of the regulatory sequence of the type 18 human papillomavirus linked to the TAg gene of the SV40 virus. Nucleotide sequences of 36 of these junctions were also determined. Deletions were found in 33 (91.7%) of the junctions analysed. At the crossover regions, 55.6% contained short overlapping sequences of one to six nucleotides. Insertions of 2-6 extraneous nucleotides were also found in 8.3% of the transgene junctions. Within a 10-nucleotide sequence on both sides of the transgene junctions, topoisomerase I (topo I) cleavage sites, runs of homogeneous purines or pyrimidiens, alternating purine-pyrimidine tracks and (A-T)-rich sequences were found frequently. Stringent control experiments were also performed to ascertain that the observations made were not artefacts resulting from the polymerase chain reaction. Our data therefore indicate that damage had occurred quite frequently and extensively in our transgene construct. Such transgene damage may also occur to various extents in mice carrying other transgenes. Primary structure of the nucleotide sequences of the injected DNA seems to influence the process of transgene reiteration and aberration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Colon perforation in a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job's) syndrome.

A Taiwanese boy was diagnosed as having hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome at the age of 4 years. At age 18 he was admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia in the left lower lobe. Abdominal pain developed 9 days later, and his condition progressed to peritonitis. Colon perforation, 10 cm distal to the ileocecal valve, was found. Double-barrel ileostomy was performed, and reanastomosis was done 1 1/2 months later. Afterward, he was fine, and he had no significant gastrointestinal problems after being discharged. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome complicated by colon perforation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and sequencing of a 8.4-kb region from the 3'-end of a Taiwanese virulent isolate of the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

The nucleotide sequence (8396 nucleotides) was determined, from the 3'-end of the putative polymerase gene to the poly(A) tail, for a Taiwanese virulent isolate, TFI, of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The TFI nucleotide sequence had very high identity to the British virulent field isolate FS772/70 (98.3%), the attenuated Purdue 115 (96.7%) and from the S gene to ORF-4 gene region, to the low passaged virulent Miller (98.3%) strains of TGEV. Comparison of the TFI S protein sequence with those determined from other TGEV strains and those of the TGEV variant, porcine respiratory coronavirus, isolated from Europe and North America showed that they had changed very little over a period of 4 decades. The two extra amino acids found to be present in the spike proteins of the virulent FS772/70 and Miller strains when compared to the avirulent Purdue strain were found to be present in the TFI strain. The genomic organisation of the TFI strain was the same as that of the other TGEV viruses.

Animals↗