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Biomedical subjects

C M Arroyave

Publications and source records attributed to C M Arroyave.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

The frequency of antinuclear antibody (ANA) in children by use of mouse kidney (MK) and human epithelial cells (HEp-2) as substrates.

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of antinuclear antibody (ANA) in a normal pediatric population. Sera from 241 children (age range 4 months to 16 years) were tested for IgG ANA by use of indirect immunofluorescence and two commercially available substrates, mouse kidney and human epithelial cells. Patients' sera were tested at three different dilutions. The positivity of the ANA was related to the substrate used. When a screening dilution of 1:5 or 1:10 was used, 2.0% and 1.6% were positive with the mouse kidney or human epithelial cell substrates, respectively, but the positivity dropped to 0.4% when the dilution was 1:20 and 1:40, respectively. Only one serum was positive with both substrates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cryoprecipitates in Kawasaki syndrome: association with coronary artery aneurysms.

Cryoprecipitates are postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of several vasculitis illnesses and infectious diseases. To investigate the presence of cryoprecipitates in Kawasaki syndrome, we studied sera from 25 children with acute Kawasaki syndrome. None of the subjects was treated with intravenous gamma-globulin. Cryoprecipitates were detectable in sera of 11 of 25 (44%) children studied. The mean (+/- SE protein concentration of the cryoprecipitates was 88.0 (+/- 20.2) micrograms/ml serum. Cryoprecipitates consisted primarily of IgG and IgM; no complement components were detected but highly sensitive methods were not used. The presence of cryoprecipitates in the serum of children with acute Kawasaki syndrome was associated with the subsequent development of coronary artery aneurysms detected by echocardiogram (P less than 0.05). There was no association between detectable cryoprecipitates and either peak platelet count or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In one patient, measurement of cryoprecipitates in serial samples showed a reduction in concentrations that paralleled subsidence of disease activity. We speculate that cryoprecipitates may be a marker for increased risk of coronary aneurysm formation and may play a role in the pathogenesis of the cardiac disease in Kawasaki syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Scleromyxedema with corneal deposits.

Scleromyxedema (Arndt-Gottron syndrome) is a rare cutaneous disease in which hyaluronic acid is deposited in the dermis. The authors describe a patient with scleromyxedema and corneal deposits. A corneal biopsy demonstrated hyaluronic acid deposition in the corneal stroma and amyloid P component in Bowman's membrane. This is the first report of scleromyxedema involving the cornea. It is also the first report of amyloid P component deposition in the cornea occurring independent of corneal amyloid deposits.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Plasma complement and histamine changes after intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein.

Venous blood samples were obtained from 85 patients before and at three, ten, and 30 minutes after intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein. Whole complement hemolytic activity and plasma histamine were measured. The patients were observed for side effects. Clinical adverse reactions occurred in 18 (21%) of the patients. Changes in complement hemolytic activity occurred in all patients, but probably were the result of binding of fluorescein to complement proteins, or on the membrane of sensitized red blood cells used in the assay. Plasma histamine was increased within the first few minutes after infusion of fluorescein and persisted up to ten minutes. Increased histamine was found in 66% of patients with adverse reactions and in only 15% of patients with no reactions. Histamine may be an important mediator of adverse reactions to fluorescein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Plasma complement and histamine changes in atopic dermatitis.

Fifteen patients with atopic dermatitis were investigated to evaluate the total of complement and histamine. In five patients total serum complement haemolytic activity (CH50) was significantly decreased as was the haemolytic activity of complement components C2 (C2H50) and C3 (C3H50). By counter immunoelectrophoresis split products of C3 were detected. There was no evidence for alternative pathway activation or the presence of an activator of the alternative pathway. In three patients plasma histamine concentrations were elevated. The intensity of the complement and histamine changes observed seemed to be correlated to the severity of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Postnatal changes in response of canine neonatal pulmonary arteries to histamine.

Postnatal development of histamine receptors in the canine pulmonary circulation was examined utilizing histamine cumulative dose-response curves of pulmonary arteries isolated from neonatal and adult dogs. The maximal contractile response to histamine was relatively low at birth (avg 0.069 g) and increased with postnatal age, reaching a maximum in the adult (avg 1.10 g). H2-receptor blockade with metiamide increased the contractile response to histamine during the first 2 wk of life (avg 0.38 g), suggesting H2-receptor dominance over H1-receptors in the newborn. Maximal developed tension, in response to KCl, gradually increased with postnatal age, suggesting progressive maturation of the smooth muscle response. In contrast to pulmonary arteries, isolated tracheal segments from puppies aged 1-5 days demonstrated large contractile responses (avg 5 g). Histamine (in microgram/g of wet wt of lung tissue) was absent in the lungs from 3rd trimester fetal dogs and rapidly increased over the first 2 wk of life, reaching a maximum in the adult. It is concluded that 1) the response of pulmonary arteries to histamine changes during the first 2 wk of life; 2) this change may reflect a decrease in H2-receptors and an increase in H1-receptors; 3) the contractile ability of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle increases with postnatal age; and 4) histamine is unavailable for physiological responses in the fetal dog pulmonary circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by antiserum to factor B.

Monospecific rabbit and goat antisera to human complement proteins and human immunoglobulins were tested for their ability to activate the alternative complement pathway. This activation was detected by two methods where classical pathway activation was blocked with EGTA and alternative pathway activation was promoted with added magnesium ions. These two methods consisted of lysis of GSHE and conversion of factor B into split products. C1q-depleted serum was used in a third assay system. Only antiserum to human factor B was able to activate the alternative pathway in the various systems used. None of the other anticomplement sera showed such activity. When antiserum to factor B was fractionated by ammonium sulfate and column chromatography, activation of the alternative pathway was found in the IgG fraction, and this activity was completely removed by absorption with purified factor B but not with other purified complement components.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The complement system in pediatric renal disease.

A brief review of the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation is presented. Clinically, according to the complement system, we can divide the children with glomerulonephritis into two groups, normocomplementemic and hypocomplementemic. In addition, inherited complement deficiencies can be identified associated with renal diseases. We discuss the three possible sources of complement in urine, although more control studies are necessary in patients with different causes of proteinuria in order to define the clinical significance of complementuria. The immunohistological results of glomerular nephritic biopsy material by the fluorescence antibody technique is analyzed with respect to clinical diagnosis and evaluation of the treatment. The nature of C3NeF as an antibody to factor B-C3 complex is demonstrated by different groups and in different diseases. Finally, the presence of a receptor for complement in the glomerulus, is explained in human disease by the deposition of immune complexes into the renal glomeruli.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1979

Alteration of human blood cells and changes in plasma mediators produced by radiographic contrast media.

In vitro incubation of human blood cells with iodinated radiographic contrast media (RCM) produced marked effects which were dose-dependent: erythrocytes showed crenation which was reversible; neutrophil leukocytes released the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase; basophil leukocytes released histamine; and platelets released serotonin as well as beta-glucuronidase. The release reaction could not be attributed to cell lysis, as demonstrated by the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). In normal human serum, RCM produced activation of the complement system with lysis of cells. This RCM-induced complement activation seemed to occur via the alternate pathway. Stabilizers and cations present in the clinically used RCM solutions did not produce any complement changes.

Basophils↗
PubMed1978

Human blood cells ultrastructural changes and mediator release after exposure to roentgenographic contrast media.

Adverse reactions to roentgenographic contrast media (RCM) are associated with the release of mediators including complement components (anaphylatoxins), histamine and serotonin. In an in vitro study of platelets and leukocytes from 20 healthy individuals, RCM-induced release of granules from basophils and platelets was correlated with the release of histamine and serotonin respectively. The release of histamine from basophils was augmented in the presence of exogenous complement; in contrast, the release of serotonin from platelets was not dependent on the addition of exogenous complement. Although individual differences were noted, iothalamate most effectively released serotonin, whereas diatrizoate most effectively released histamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Screening test for complement activation by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

This report describes the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) as a method of detecting activation of the complement system. With this technic small amounts of C3 split products (C3c/d) can be detected in plasma samples by specific precipitation with antiserum in less than two hours. The CIE technic is a highly sensitive, rapid method for detecting activation of the complement system in the presence of normal concentrations of C3 measured hemolytically or by radial immunodiffusion (RID) in human disease. A clinical investigation was carried out in 40 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases and 116 normal healthy individuals. The following observations were made: (1) plasmas and sera from normal individuals had normal total complement hemolytic activity (CH50), hemolytic active C4 (C4H50) and C3 (C3H50); (2) in 30% of the serum samples it was possible to identify the presence of C3 split products, in contrast to only 2.5% of the plasma samples obtained simultaneously; (3) in the specimens from patients who had rheumatic disease activity, C3 split products were identified by CIE in all cases except one in the presence of normal C3 protein measured by RID.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Complement and immunoglobulin deposits in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis.

The immunofluorescent patterns of uninvolved and involved skin biopsies from eight patients with atopic dermatitis were studied, using direct immunofluorescence techniques to identify deposits of the immunoglobulins G, A and M as well as the complement factors C1q, C3, C4, C5, factor B and properdin. Immunoglobulin deposits (mainly IgG) were found in five patients, complement deposits in three patients in the basement membrane zone. In three patients the immunofluorescence was positive for C3, in two patients for C1q, C4 and C5. Regarding the factors of the alternative pathway of the complement system, two patients showed deposits of properdin, one of factor B. The changes were not confined to the eczematous lesions, but were found in uninvolved skin too. The most prominent changes were observed in patients with severe disease.

Adolescent↗