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Biomedical subjects

C Lindholm

Publications and source records attributed to C Lindholm.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Unstable and stable chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of people exposed to Chernobyl fallout in Bryansk, Russia.

Analyses of unstable and stable chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes were used in the assessment of radiation exposure of residents of a village situated in the Chernobyl fallout-contamination zone of Bryansk, Russia. Blood samples were taken from subjects residing in villages with high (> 1100 kBq/m2 137 Cs; Mirnyi) and very low (< 37 kBq/m2 137 Cs; Krasnyi Rog) contamination, 7 years after the Chernobyl accident. The groups were matched by age, sex, smoking habits and previous medical radiological exposures. A total of 200 people (100 exposed, 100 controls) were analysed for the presence of unstable aberrations from Giemsa-stained slides. To study stable aberrations, chromosome painting analyses were performed on 100 subjects (50 exposed, 50 controls), using painting probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 and a pancentromeric probe. People living in the contaminated area showed significantly higher rates of unstable chromosome-type aberrations but not chromatid-type aberrations in their lymphocytes, indicating radiation exposure as a causative factor for the observed difference. No significant differences were found in the aberration rates between the two areas by the chromosome painting method. The levels of chromosome exchanges were low in both populations, but consistently higher in Mirnyi compared with the control area. The magnitude of radiation exposure resulting from Chernobyl fallout was estimated on the basis of excess stable chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of the Mirnyi population compared with the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Quantification of conserved antigens in Helicobacter pylori during different culture conditions.

In this study, we raised monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against three conserved Helicobacter pylori antigens, i.e., the N-acetylneuraminyllactose-binding fibrillar hemagglutinin, HpaA; the flagellin subunits, FlaA and FlaB; and a species-specific 26-kDa protein. The MAbs were used for the development of sensitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for quantification of these antigens in H. pylori during various culture conditions. The quantities of these antigens varied considerably (up to 8-fold) during different culture procedures and between strains (up to 10-fold).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

Pain in venous leg ulcers.

A prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence, severity and diagnostic utility of pain in patients with venous leg ulcers. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 140 consecutive patients in two specialist centres caring for patients with leg ulcers. A high proportion (64%) of the 94 patients with ulcers of purely venous aetiology reported severe pain; 50% of these patients were taking either mild analgesia or none at all. In 10 of 72 cases, leg elevation made the pain worse. Venous ulcers are painful. Pain in three distinct locations was reported by patients-within ulcers, around ulcers and elsewhere in the leg. The presence of severe pain does not necessarily indicate arterial disease or infection. Pain is, in general, inadequately controlled in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reduced meal-related gastrointestinal hormone response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in female athletes.

This study was undertaken to elucidate the impact of hypercortisolism in meal-related gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite in female endurance athletes. Thirteen elite runners and seven sedentary women participated on two occasions, either receiving intravenous injection of 250 micrograms synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 1-24 or saline. Blood samples were collected before and after the injection, and then in connection with a standardized meal. Serum concentrations of cortisol, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, insulin and glucose were analyzed. Self-ratings of appetite were assessed by visual analog scales. Elevated basal levels of cortisol and glucose were found in the athletes. ACTH-induced cortisol response was comparable between groups, but a negative correlation between basal cortisol levels and the ACTH-induced response was found. In sedentary women, ACTH challenge enhanced meal-related CCK and gastrin responses, whereas athletes showed a blunted response of these hormones combined with decreased satiety and reduced levels of insulin. Blunted meal-related response of gastrointestinal hormones and decreased satiety in female runners after ACTH stimulation compared to sedentary women are probably due to difference in the effect of cortisol, which could be explained by cortisol insensitivity as a result of basal hypercortisolism in the athletes. Decreased CCK response and satiety in female athletes may reflect increased nutritional requirements.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1996

Biodosimetry after accidental radiation exposure by conventional chromosome analysis and FISH.

A 137Cs source was stolen from a radioactive waste depository in Estonia on 21 October 1994 and kept in a private house for 4 weeks. This resulted in the death of one person, acute radiation injuries to four people and exposure of several other people to lower doses of radiation. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was used in the assessment of radiation exposure of 18 people involved in the accident. Dose estimation assessment based on the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes was performed both by the standard method and by considering possible dose protraction and non-uniform exposure. Considerable differences in dose estimates were obtained depending on the approach used, ranging from about 1 Gy to almost 3 Gy in the patients most heavily exposed. In view of the deterministic health effects observed in some of the subjects, it was concluded that the dose estimates involving information on dose protraction were more realistic than those obtained by comparison with the standard high dose-rate calibration curve. Chromosome painting analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization, with a probe cocktail for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 and centromere detection, were performed in parallel. Good agreement on dicentric chromosome frequencies was observed between the conventional and painting analyses. The frequencies of complete translocations were comparable with the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes. In addition to the complete translocations, a pronounced increase in the frequency of incomplete translocations was observed. Dose estimates performed on the basis of FISH translocation frequencies were consistent with the dicentric analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical incidence of lymphoedema in breast cancer patients in Jönköping County, Sweden.

The clinical incidence of lymphoedema of the arm in breast cancer patients was studied before and after general mammography screening in the county of Jönköping, Sweden. There was a significant decrease of incidence of lymphoedema from 15% in 1983 to 8% in 1988. Clinical and pathological therapy data have been analysed in relation to lymphoedema. Significant factors contributing to lymphoedema were the number of lymph nodes examined and the number of pathologically positive lymph nodes. A higher proportion of patients receiving post-operative radiotherapy to the axilla developed lymphoedema, compared with those with surgery alone. A comparison between the two groups is impossible due to the fact that post-operative radiotherapy was prescribed only to patients with pathologically positive lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Leg and foot ulcer patients. Epidemiology and nursing care in an urban population in south Stockholm, Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence, demography, perceived aetiology, level of care, treatment and nursing care of patients treated for leg and foot ulcers. DESIGN: Prospective survey of leg and foot ulcer patients, using a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 questions directed at nurses and doctors in 193 units, including both primary health care and hospital. SETTING: South Stockholm Medical Area, Stockholm, Sweden. PATIENTS: Two hundred and ninety-four patients with leg and foot ulcers were identified during the six-week study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data of population, prevalence of leg and foot ulcers, level of care, economic aspects, treatment of ulcers, level of compression, characteristics of the ulcers, pain and analgesics. RESULTS: With a population of 241,804 in the area, the prevalence of leg and foot ulcer was 0.12%. The majority of patients (92%) were older than 65 years of age, median age 79.2 years. The commonest cause of leg ulceration, as estimated by the staff, was venous insufficiency (42%). The majority of patients were treated within the primary health care system, and only a minority were treated in hospital. Many different local wound dressings were used (n = 51). The majority of dressing changes were performed by auxiliary nurses (54%). Compression was practised in 86% of all cases diagnosed as venous ulcers. Pain was reported by staff in 47% of all patients with venous ulcers. No pain relief was given to 29% of all these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Venous leg ulcer. Management, care , quality of life].

The treatment of patients with chronic leg ulcers should always be based on aetiological diagnosis and tailored to the individual patient. In a Swedish study, medical staff responsible for such treatment were found to have been unsure of the aetiological diagnosis in as many as 40 per cent of the cases. Large gains, both to the patients and to the community, can be made by systematic treatment by an interdisciplinary team that consistently evaluates the effect of treatment. Treatment should include causal therapy, topical wound treatment, and treatment of oedema and eczema, and the focus should be on such aspects of quality of life as pain, sleep, nutrition and physical activity.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1995

Bone mineral content of young female former gymnasts.

Intense physical exercise and diet restriction could result in delayed puberty and have a negative influence on the acquisition of peak bone mass during puberty. Nineteen young women who had been in elite gymnastic training during their prepubertal and pubertal years were investigated with regard to their health, menstrual data and bone mineral areal mass (BMA). Twenty-one women of comparable age served as controls. The age of menarche of the "former" gymnasts and the controls was 14.8 +/- 1.8 and 12.1 +/- 1.4 years, respectively. Fourteen of the gymnasts had been or were using oral contraceptives (OCs) and most of the non-users now had regular menstrual periods. During the years preceding the study, physical activity among the "former" gymnasts had gradually declined. Although the gymnasts had had a delayed puberty, no difference was found in total body or spinal BMA compared to the healthy controls. Their normal BMA in early adulthood could reflect a catch-up due to a combination of decreasing athletic activity, normal menstrual cycles and intake of OCs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A nutrition study in juvenile elite gymnasts.

Twenty-two female teenagers engaged in elite gymnast training and 22 healthy girls of comparable age were studied with regard to nutritional intake. The mean daily intakes of most nutrients in both groups were in accordance with the Swedish Nutritional Recommendations; exceptions were iron and dietary fibre which were too low in both groups. The individual variation was large in both groups and many subjects had an intake below the nutritional recommendations. Both the gymnasts and the reference group had an energy intake significantly below the estimated energy need. The mean daily energy intake was 725 kcal less than the energy need in the gymnast group and 450 kcal less in the reference group. The clinical investigation revealed that several gymnasts had delayed menarche or irregular menstruation as well as less body fat than the reference group. Among the gymnasts, girls with a regular menstrual pattern had more body fat than those who had not started to menstruate. The higher energy expenditure of the gymnasts could partly explain their smaller amounts of body fat, late pubertal development and menstrual patterns.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Age-associated micronuclei containing centromeres and the X chromosome in lymphocytes of women.

Chronological aging of women is clearly associated with an increase in both X-chromosome loss and micronuclei formation in peripheral lymphocytes. It has been suggested that micronucleus formation is an important mechanism of chromosome loss. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to study micronuclei content in two age groups (women below 30 and above 50 years old). A probe for centromeric alphoid consensus sequences (SO-alpha AllCen) and a cloned X-specific centromeric probe (pXBR) were separately used to detect the presence of any chromosomes and the X chromosome, respectively. The presence of centromere-positive micronuclei was significantly higher among the older donors (51.5%) than among the younger donors (34.3%). The X chromosome was highly overrepresented in the micronuclei, the older women showing a higher proportion of X-positive micronuclei (24.0%) than the younger women (14.0%). Assuming that the rest of the centromere-positive micronuclei contained autosomes, a significant age-dependent difference was also noted for micronuclei harboring autosomes (27.5% among the older women and 20.3% among the younger women). These findings suggest that both the X chromosome and autosomes are responsible for the age-dependent increase of micronuclei in women's peripheral lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Altered adrenal steroid metabolism underlying hypercortisolism in female endurance athletes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore possible changes in adrenal steroid metabolism and androgenic-anabolic status in female endurance athletes as a mechanism for their hypercortisolism. DESIGN: Adrenal steroids and androgenic-anabolic factors were studied during basal conditions and in response to ACTH stimulation related to menstrual status. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen female elite middle to long distance runners (six eumenorrheic, seven oligoamenorrheic) and seven regularly menstruating controls. INTERVENTIONS: Blood samples were collected before and after an injection of 250 micrograms IV synthetic ACTH 1-24. Body weight, height, and body fat were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Basal serum concentrations of cortisol, androstenedione (A), DHEA, DHEAS, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), T, steroid-binding proteins, and insulin-like growth factor I and ACTH-induced response (area under the curve) of cortisol, DHEA, and 17-OHP. RESULTS: Oligoamenorrheic athletes had higher basal cortisol and A concentrations compared with healthy controls, whereas basal levels of DHEA and DHEAS were normal. Important findings in the oligoamenorrheic athletes were a significantly lower ratio between the ACTH-induced increments of DHEA and 17-OHP and an increased ratio between basal A and DHEAS. Insulin-like growth factor I was correlated negatively to sex hormone-binding globulin and to the amount of body fat in the combined material. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a redistribution of adrenal steroid metabolism in favor of glucocorticoid production in female endurance athletes. We suggest that hypercortisolism in female endurance athletes is a physiological adaptation to maintain adequate blood glucose levels during a condition of energy deficiency.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1994

Reduced serum cholecystokinin response to food intake in female athletes.

Strenuous training in women has been shown to cause menstrual dysfunction and decreased bone mineral density. These endocrine and metabolic complications are associated with an insufficient dietary intake and decreased body fat content in female athletes. The present investigation was undertaken to study serum levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, gastrin, and cortisol in 14 female long-distance runners and 15 sex- and age-matched control subjects during intake of a standardized meal (500 kcal). The athletes showed a decreased response of the "satiety peptide" CCK to the meal and reported increased hunger compared with the control group. Meal-related insulin response was also decreased in the athletes, whereas gastrin levels were comparable to those of controls. Basal levels of glucose were increased in the athletes, but there was no difference in postprandial levels between the groups. Cortisol levels were clearly elevated in the female runners. We conclude that insufficient food intake in female athletes cannot be explained by increased CCK secretion and satiety. Since the athletes reported a larger caloric intake of a normal daily breakfast than the control subjects, the decreased CCK response may instead be explained by an adaptation to increased food intake. The decreased meal-related insulin response may be a reflection of increased insulin sensitivity as an adaptation to physical exercise. However, an impaired peptide secretion cannot be excluded. The role of elevated cortisol levels in the gastrointestinal hormone response needs further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pubertal development in elite juvenile gymnasts. Effects of physical training.

Twenty-two female teenagers engaged in elite gymnast training were prospectively studied during a five-year period and their pubertal development was recorded. Height and weight, as well as stage of development according to Tanner, were registered every six months. FSH, LH, TSH and prolactin were measured in girls who had not yet had their first menstrual period. Twenty-two healthy school girls in the same age group who were not actively engaged in physical exercise served as a control group. Pubertal development was completed during the observation period in all the gymnasts but one, who had primary amenorrhea at the age of eighteen. As a group, the gymnasts had a significantly delayed age of menarche compared to the control group and to normal Swedish girls. They also had significantly less body fat and were shorter and lighter than the control group. They grew much more slowly and did not have the distinct growth spurt seen in the controls. The final height of six of the gymnasts was less than the expected height. The frequency of injuries was high in the gymnasts, which might be a result of hard training combined with late menarche and low body fat.

Abortion, Habitual↗