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Biomedical subjects

C Lidén

Publications and source records attributed to C Lidén.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Environmentally friendly paper may increase risk of hand eczema in rosin-sensitive persons.

BACKGROUND: A connection between patch test reactions to paper extracts and contact allergy to rosin (colophony) has been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to determine whether a difference in the allergenic activity of various types of paper is related to a difference in the pulp. METHODS: Patients with dermatitis who were frequently exposed to paper were patch tested with extracts from various papers and the standard series. The extracts were also tested in volunteers with or without contact allergy to rosin and in animals. The rosin compounds in the papers were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The subjects reacting to paper extracts also reacted to rosin. Most reactions were found to the papers produced from mechanical pulps, which contained the highest analyzed amounts of rosin compounds. Animals sensitized to rosin reacted only to paper from mechanical pulp. CONCLUSION: Papers based on mechanical pulps that are considered to be environmentally friendly have a greater potential to elicit positive patch test reactions than papers made from other pulps. The increased use of mechanical pulps in different applications may increase the incidence of rosin-related hand eczema.

Abietanes↗
PubMed1995

Are opera-house artistes afflicted with contact allergy to colophony and cosmetics?

The frequencies of cosmetics intolerance and contact allergy to colophony were investigated among 116 singers and dancers and 16 make-up artists. Participants were interviewed, examined and patch tested with a standard series and materials from the opera house. Common skin lesions were found in 1/3 of participants and more than 50% had a history of intolerance to cosmetics. Colophony gave positive patch test reactions in only 3 subjects. The prevalence of positive patch test reactions to fragrance mix and balsam of Peru was about the same as among dermatitis patients generally. Contact allergy to colophony did not seem to be a problem regarding cosmetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A clinical and patch test study in a tall-oil rosin factory.

Rosin of different sources is commonly used in many technical products and is known to cause contact allergy. The aim of the present investigation was to study the frequency of occupational dermatoses and of contact allergy to rosin in a factory producing tall-oil rosin. 163/180 present employees and 17/35 former employees participated in the study, which consisted of interview, clinical examination and patch testing with a standard series and additional rosins. 1/4 of those examined had some kind of current skin lesion. There were 10 cases of hand eczema. 7 subjects were patch-test-positive to gum rosin in the standard series. This frequency is about the same as among dermatitis patients at our clinic. Only 1 reaction to tall-oil rosin and none to the modified rosins tested were found. No relation between a positive patch test reaction to rosin and current skin disease could be established. No case of ongoing occupational skin disease was proved.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Colophony (rosin) in newspapers may contribute to hand eczema.

Two groups of patients were studied, one with known contact allergy to colophony and hand eczema, 'colophony patients', and the other consisted of patients who suspected that their eczema was caused by contact with paper, 'paper patients'. The 'colophony patients' were patch tested with samples of newsprint paper, while the 'paper patients' were tested with samples of their own paper. Extracts of the paper and paper were applied. Testing with paper caused no reactions. All 'colophony patients' showed strong reactions to the tested extracts of newsprint paper. None of the 'paper patients' reacted to the extracts of their own paper, except those patch-test positive to colophony or maleopimaric acid, the main component of one type of modified colophony in paper size and shown experimentally to be a potent sensitizer. Colophony in paper may contribute to hand eczema in sensitized patients and the use of cotton gloves when in contact with paper might alleviate the dermatitis.

Abietanes↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the allergenicity of Baltic amber.

Baltic amber is a fossil resin deposited 36-7 million years ago and one source may be the extinct tree Pinites (Pinus) succinifer. Palaeobotanical studies of amber have an extensive literature, but the aspect of allergenicity has not been addressed before. The aim of our study was to present the results from sensitization studies with Baltic amber and to discuss these in view of possible cross-reactivity with contact allergens in colophony. It is concluded that allergens found in colophony can also be present in Baltic amber. The main resin acids were identified in an ether-soluble extract of amber. Amber suspended in petrolatum caused positive patch test reactions in patients with contact allergy to colophony. Furthermore, animals sensitized to colophony showed positive reactions to amber, but animals induced with amber did not react when challenged with amber. A use test with an amber necklace in patients with positive test reactions to amber and colophony was negative, which supports the view that amber in personal ornaments is not a clinical problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Further investigation of the prohapten concept: reactions to benzene derivatives in man.

p-Phenylenediamine (PPDA) is a strong contact sensitizer which is included in the standard patch test tray and which can also act as an indicator of allergy to related substances by virtue of cross-reactions. In a previous study, the pattern of cross-reactions between PPDA and related substances was investigated in the guinea pig to evaluate the prohapten concept. The results provided some support for this concept, but also indicated that a number of reactive intermediates might be behaving as haptens. This work has now been extended to an examination of the prohapten concept in man in PPDA-allergic subjects. These subjects were tested with 7 substituted benzenes, plus PPDA. Of these, the 1,4-substituted benzenes hydroquinone, Metol, PPDA and p-aminophenol are all capable theoretically of giving rise to benzoquinone by oxidation (after demethylation in the case of Metol). However, as had been the case in the guinea pig, only a limited degree of cross-reaction was observed. Only one of the subjects allergic to PPDA gave a clearly positive allergic reaction to benzoquinone. The data provided only limited support for the prohapten concept in terms of benzoquinone as the ultimate hapten for a range of 1,4-substituted benzenes. As indicated in the guinea pig, a range of reaction intermediates or indeed other oxidation products may be involved. So, for each molecule, the sensitizing activity and potential to give rise to cross-reactions may depend on the balance between routes of skin metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Colophony in mascara as a cause of eyelid dermatitis. Chemical analyses and patch testing.

Contact allergy to various components in cosmetics may cause eyelid dermatitis. Of 8 mascaras analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 3 contained colophony. Patients with contact allergy to colophony showed positive patch test reactions when tested with the two mascaras with the highest content of colophony. One mascara without colophony but containing nickel, gave positive reactions in persons with contact allergy to nickel.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed1990

Facial dermatitis caused by chlorothalonil in a paint.

A case of acute facial dermatitis caused by staying in a summer cottage is described. Patch testing revealed contact allergy to the paint På Trä Lasur, and to chlorothalonil. Chlorothalonil was used as a pesticide in the paint. Chemical analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were performed to reveal the purity of the chlorothalonil. Chlorothalonil has earlier been described as a contact allergen, sometimes causing facial dermatitis. The reason for localization to the face has not before been discussed. It is now suggested that it might be due to the high vapour pressure of chlorothalonil. It is concluded that products containing chlorothalonil are unsuitable for indoor use.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1989

Occupational dermatoses at a film laboratory. Follow-up after modernization.

The occurrence and causes of occupational dermatoses at a film laboratory following modernization was studied. In 1983 the film laboratory moved to new premises built to reduce exposure to hazardous chemicals. The study was carried out during 1983-1986 with repeated interviews and dermatological examinations of all employees (78 subjects) and patch testing those with a history of or with current chemical exposure or dermatitis (65 subjects). Of 54 chemically exposed subjects, 34 (63%) had a history of occupational dermatoses, and 12 (22%) were contact allergic to film chemicals. Current, probable occupational dermatoses were observed in 13 subjects--thereof 8 with hand eczema. No new case of occupational skin disease occurred during the investigation period, except for 1 case of ulceration from an acid splash. Petrolatum mixtures of the colour developing agents, Metol and hydroquinone were found most suitable for patch testing, since these chemicals are unstable and/or cause irritation in aqueous solutions. It is concluded that occurrence and severity of occupational dermatoses had been reduced by the technical measures taken to reduce chemical exposure.

Aminophenols↗
PubMed1988

Contact allergy to colour developing agents in the guinea pig.

Colour developing agents, derivatives of p-phenylenediamine, can cause contact allergy. Patch test reactions to more than one colour developer are sometimes seen in patients. To study whether this is due to simultaneous sensitization or cross-reactivity, guinea pig maximization tests (GPMT) with CD-2, CD-3 and CD-4 were carried out. 5 experiments were performed, using pet. or water as vehicles. When pet. was used, the challenge concentrations could be raised and cross-reactivity between the colour developers, but not with p-phenylenediamine-dihydrochloride, was revealed. When water was used as vehicle, the challenge concentrations were limited because of staining of the test sites and irritation. CD-2, CD-3 and CD-4 were found to be extreme sensitizers according to the classification by Magnusson and Kligman. The importance of using an appropriate vehicle to obtain optimal conditions for the GPMT is stressed. To study the purity and stability of the chemicals used, analysis by HPLC of the test substances at different stages of the GPMT procedure was performed. Aqueous solutions of the colour developers were found to be unstable, while pet. mixtures were stable.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of colophony patch test preparations.

The patch test reactivity to different petrolatum preparations and concentrations of colophony (gum rosin) was compared. A serial dilution test with gum rosin 20%-0.001% gave a clear dose-response relationship with a maximum response to 10% and 20%. Patch testing with 60% in the routine test did not reveal any further cases compared to simultaneous testing with 20%. Irritancy to the 60% concentration was seen in some cases. A good correlation in reactivity was found between commercially-supplied test preparations for routine testing and homogeneous preparations made up in our laboratory. Our results imply that a concentration of 10% is well worth considering for routine testing.

Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Occupational dermatoses from colour developing agents. Clinical and histopathological observations.

Exposure to colour developing agents that are derivatives of p-phenylenediamine, e.g. CD-2 and CD-3, are known to cause lichenoid lesions and allergic contact dermatitis. This study describes the clinical picture, course and patch test results in 24 patients with occupational skin disease caused by colour developing agents. Biopsies for histopathology of the occupationally-induced lesions and/or patch test reactions were obtained in 14 cases. The skin lesions cleared rapidly after exposure to colour developers had ceased. Sixteen patients had to leave their exposed work due to the skin disease. Contact allergy to colour developing agents was found in 23 cases. The clinical and histopathological findings showed that lichen planus and lichen planus-like lesions were common among the dermatoses caused by colour developers. It was not possible to provoke lichenoid lesions by patch testing. The histopathology of the patch test reactions showed dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Is the skin affected by work at visual display terminals?

According to some reports, mainly from Norway and Sweden, visual display terminal work is suspected of causing skin rashes. In three different studies, we have tried to elucidate the question, and the results indicate that there might be a relation between VDT work and aggravation of some common skin diseases such as rosacea, seborrheic and atopic dermatitis, and acne. Whether this depends on physical, chemical, or psychological factors is still unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Lichen planus in relation to occupational and non-occupational exposure to chemicals.

Lichen planus-like eruptions are known to be caused by occupational exposure to colour film developing agents that are derivatives of p-phenylenediamine (PPDA), e.g. CD-2 and CD-3. To elucidate whether such chemicals are a cause of lichen planus in patients at a department of general dermatology, 119 lichen planus patients were interviewed about occupational and non-occupational exposure to chemicals. Patch testing with CD-2, CD-3, PPDA and IPPD was performed in 49. No occupational risk group for lichen planus could be identified and no case of contact allergy to the tested substances was found. Patch testing with these substances is only recommended when there is a history of exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical experience and patch testing using colophony (rosin) from different sources.

Patients with suspected allergy to colophony were patch-tested with colophony (rosin) of different kinds (gum rosin, tall oil rosin). More cases of allergy were detected by testing with more than one type of colophony. Tall oil rosin produced a smaller number of positive reactions than the gum rosins tested, which suggests a lower allergenic activity. Venice turpentine was a useful additional screening substance. When different test concentrations were compared (20% and 5%) the lower concentration failed to reveal four of 30 cases. The patients' eczema had been caused chiefly by contact with colophony in their work.

Chromatography, Gas↗