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Biomedical subjects

C Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to C Lewis.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Disclosure of information to patients in medical care.

It is generally agreed that patients have a right to be adequately informed. However, little is known about the extent to which doctors and patients agree about information that should be disclosed. We studied what patients want to know, as contrasted with what physicians report actually disclosing, in a population of physicians who treat seizures and patients or parents of patients who have this disorder. In general, it was found that patients or parents of patients who have this disorder. In general, it was found that patients prefer far more detailed disclosures than physicians routinely offer and that the two groups have widely different beliefs about the consequences of detailed disclosures. Patients and parents preferred extensive disclosures, particularly regarding risks and alternative therapy. Physicians were likely to disclose only risks with a relatively high probability of occurrence and they provided little information about alternative therapies. Patients and parents were also much more likely than physicians to believe that the final decision concerning therapy should rest with the patient. The data suggest that a better empirical understanding of the consequences of detailed disclosures may help resolve differences of opinion regarding how much information should be provided to patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Disclosure standards and informed consent.

There is currently substantial disagreement about the kind of information that must be disclosed in obtaining an informed consent. This study examined physicians' interpretations of the demands of two alternative legal standards for disclosure, as well as a third standard intended to capture their normative sense of what should be disclosed to patients. Other factors which might affect disclosure practices of physicians were also studied. The findings raise questions about the extent to which a legal standard for disclosure can have an impact on medical practice; the data suggest that doctors currently disclose what they think patients want to be told. However, it appears that physicians substantially underestimate the amount of information patients wish to receive.

Disclosure↗
PubMed1980

Cefoxitin sodium: double-blind vaginal hysterectomy prophylaxis in premenopausal patients.

Cefoxtin sodium is a new semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic derivative of cephamycin-C. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum in vivo and in vitro that includes all strains of cephalosporin-sensitive bacteria and the majority of cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. A double-blind (cefoxitin and placebo) study was instigated in premenopausal women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy at Louisiana State University Gynecologic Service. There were 152 patients, of whom 125 completed the study. The objective of the study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of cefoxitin as a safe prophylactic antibiotic. Both placebo and cefoxitin groups were from the authors' clinic, and thus there were no major clinical differences among patients. The cefoxitin-treated group had a 10.3% major morbidity as compared to 29.8% in the placebo group. Cefoxitin was well tolerated and there were no adverse reactions in any of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rheumatoid arthritis in Kenya. I. Clinical observations.

76 Kenyan Africans with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis are described. Their age, sex ratio, and pattern of joint involvement closely resembled that seen in Europe and the USA and differed from that described in West Africa and rural South Africa. However, they showed a marked lack of systemic nonarticular complications, with relatively little functional incapacity. Radiological grading was carried out on 58 cases, and the changes were found to resemble more closely those seen in an English series than in a Nigerian series.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A preliminary study of the effect of pyridoxine administration in a subgroup of hyperkinetic children: a double-blind crossover comparison with methylphenidate.

A small sample of six patients with the putative "hyperkinetic syndrome" participated in a research protocol comparing administration of pyridoxine, methylphenidate, and placeboes. The children had had low whole blood serotonin levels and a history of previous responsiveness to methylphenidate. The results of the double-blind clinical evaluation showed trends suggesting that both pyridoxine and methylphenidate were more effective than placebo in suppressing the symptoms of hyperkinesis. Pyridoxine elevated whole-blood serotonin levels, methylphenidate did not. Clinical and laboratory evidence indicated that the pyridoxine effects persisted after the 3-week period when the vitamin had been given in this experimental design.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The isolation and characterization of rubradirin B.

Rubradirin B, C40H33N3O15, was separated from other components of the rubradirin complex by chromatographic and crystallization procedures. The spectrum of antibacterial activity is similar to that of rubradirin, but the antibiotic is less active.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Somatosensory determinants of lordosis in female rats: behavioral definition of the estrogen effect.

By coating the ventral surface of male rats with a dye, regions of contact between male and female during male mounting were recorded precisely on the female's hair and skin. The male rat touches the female's flanks, rump, tailbase, perineum, and perivaginal surfaces during the female's initiation and maintenance of lordosis. Film analyses showed that the male's paws and pelvic thrusting stimulate the female's skin with dominant frequencies between 10 and 20 per second. Somatosensory stimuli were applied by the experimenter to the female skin locations contacted by the male. Deflection of hair on the flanks or perineum alone did not cause lordosis. Light stimulation simultaneously on flanks and perineum caused lordosis only in some females given high estrogen dosages supplemented by progesterone. When flank stimuli were followed by pressure on the rump, tailbase, and perineum, lordosis was triggered reliably in hormone-treated females. Here the estrogen-dependence of the reflex was shown, and progesterone synergized with the estrogen effect. Among lordosis components, rump and head elevations in response to pressure stimuli on the rump, tailbase, and perineum appear to be hormone-sensitive. These results help to define the minimal cutaneous sensory requirement for lordosis. In turn, the estrogen effect on lordosis may be defined behaviorally as increased responsiveness to pressure on rump, tailbase, and perineal skin, after flank stimulation. These results illustrate how estrogen, progesterone, and somatosensory stimuli interact in causing lordosis, increases in the strength of one factor compensating for decreases in another.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Photooxidation of methionine with immobilized methylene blue as photooxidizer.

Methylene blue immobilized on porous glass beads was used to catalyze the photooxidation of methionine alone and the methionine residues of lysozyme. A solution of 2 mM methionine in 50% acetic acid was oxidized to methionine sulfoxide in the presence of immobilized methylene blue after 6 h of photooxidation at 37 degrees C. Selective photooxidation of the methionyl residues in lysozyme was achieved after 26 h of reaction in 84% acetic acid at 4 degrees C. The specific activity of lysozyme exposed to light in the presence of methylene blue decreased by 94%, while that of a lysozyme solution in the presence of methylene blue not exposed to light decreased by 21%. The lysozyme solution exposed to light but not containing the methylene blue beads lost 33% of its specific activity after the same period of photooxidation. It was shown that the decrease in enzyme activity was not caused by adsorption of the enzyme onto the beads.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗