RNA metabolism in T4-infected Escherichia coli.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Levinthal.
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The onset of macromolecular synthesis in activated spores of Bacillus cereus occurs under conditions in which the amino acids and nucleotides to be used for building proteins and nucleic acids must be derived only from stored pools and turnover of macromolecules of the spore. Upon addition of the factors required to initiate germination, (14)C-uracil is incorporated with a lag of 30 to 60 sec; (14)C-amino acids, with a lag of 3 to 4 min. The progression of protein synthesis during germination has been studied, and the results suggest three phases of development of the protein synthetic pattern of these germinating spores. The initial synthesis which occurs during the early part of germination is limited to only a few proteins. When the initiated spores are put in a medium containing a complete set of growth requirements and outgrowth ensues, the cells synthesize a large number of different proteins so that the distribution of radioactivity into different fractions appears to be a continuous function. At a later time during outgrowth, the distribution of synthetic rates among the different proteins becomes more representative of that found during vegetative growth.
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The paper describes the history of tracing activities in the Levinthal lab from 1965 to the present. It also focuses on the evolution of electron micrograph (EM) tracing from early hand tracing reconstruction to the current, nearly fully automated CARTOS II tracing system. The present hardware systems and tracing algorithms are described in detail. Also presented are the partial tracing results of one EM data set in two and three dimensions.