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Biomedical subjects

C Langston

Publications and source records attributed to C Langston.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cardiac trauma and the conduction system: a case study of an 18-month-old child.

An 18-month-old child sustained cardiac trauma four to six weeks before he died of multiple injuries to the head. Post-mortem findings revealed that the child, who had been beaten, had had multiple traumatic injuries to the head and trunk. Histologic examination also showed several regions of myocardial infarction. One was located in the right ventricle and another was near the top of the interventricular septum. These had occurred four to six weeks before death. In addition, the penetrating portion of the His bundle was considerably narrowed, compared with proximal and distal segments of the His bundle. The anulus fibrosus was also thickened in the region where the His bundle narrowed.

Atrioventricular Node↗
PubMed1981

Toxin-producing bacteria in infants. Lack of an association with sudden infant death syndrome.

After finding enterotoxigenic (ET) Escherichia coli in two consecutive cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we initiated a prospective search for ET E coli in SIDS in Manitoba; in addition, we looked for toxigenic Clostridium botulinum and C difficile. In a 21-month period, small- and large-bowel contents were obtained in 33 cases of SIDS, from 32 control subjects, and in ten suspected cases of SIDS. Neither C botulinum nor ET E coli was isolated from any of these; C difficile was cultured from postmortem bowel contents of two SIDS and seven control cases. The overall isolation rate of C difficile was 17%. Despite the fact that two of these cases had toxin detectable in the bowel contents, no evidence of colitis was found in any of the cases with C difficile. We conclude that C botulinum or ET E coli have only a small role, if any, in the etiology of SIDS, and that C difficile is found relatively commonly in the gastrointestinal tract of infants without apparent local or systemic effects.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1980

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in central Canada.

During epidemiological studies carried out in urban and rural areas of the midwestern Canadian province of Manitoba, we cultured enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) from 16 (1.7%) of 945 diarrheal stools and 4 (0.3%) of 1,282 normal stools. ETEC was found in not more than 2.3% of diarrheal stools obtained from any population during any season. Diarrhea associated with ETEC persisted for a mean of 9 days. Two children were dehydrated and required intravenous fluid therapy, and one adult suffered a cholera-like syndrome. Half of the children required hospitalization for management of their diarrhea. Two adults and two children who harbored ETEC were completely asymptomatic. The pattern of toxin production correlated with serotype and the serotypes encountered were (with a few exceptions) similar to those found in other areas. We conclude that ETEC is an uncommon cause of diarrhea, both in rural and urban areas of central Canada. However, the possibility that ETEC might cause severe sporadic cases or epidemics of gastroenteritis remains.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cytotoxic enterotoxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila: relationship of toxigenic isolates to diarrheal disease.

Ninety-six Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were tested for cytotoxin and hemolysin production. Sixty-six (69%) of the isolates were both cytotoxic and hemolytic, whereas the rest produced neither cytotoxin nor hemolysin. No evidence of a separate cytotonic activity could be found in any of the isolates. Cytotoxin activity correlated with enterotoxic activity. Of four cytotoxin-producing strains tested in the isolated rabbit ileal loop, three were definitely positive and one was borderline, whereas two nontoxigenic strains were negative. Cytotoxin activity appeared to be a stable property and could not be assoicated with any common identified plasmid; only 10 of 21 cytotoxin-producing strains could be shown to have any plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxin production correlated with a positive lysine decarboxylase phenotype (98%) or a positive Voges-Proskauer phenotype (94%), compared to 27% lysine decarboxylase-positive and 23% Voges-Proskauer-positive, cytotoxin-negative isolates (P less than 0.001 for both). In fecal samples, cytotoxin production correlated with diarrheal disease; of 40 diarrheal isolates, 32 (80%) were toxigenic compared to 9 (41%) of 22 nondiarrheal isolates (P = 0.004). It appears that A. hydrophila can be a cause of diarrhea and that this enteropathogenic potential is mediated by a cytotoxic enterotoxin.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1979

Postnatal lung growth after repair of diaphragmatic hernia.

The lungs of two patients who died eight months and 64 months after repair of a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia on the first day of life were examined. Lung volumes were appropriate for the size of the children, and the ratio of right lung volume to left lung volume was also normal in both patients. The lungs, however, were grossly abnormal with evidence of enlargement and destruction of respiratory tissue. The left lung was affected more than the right in both subjects. In one patient the total number of alveoli in the lungs was similar to that of normal children of the same age, but this was because the right lung had more than twice as many alveoli as the left lung. It appears that alveolar multiplication is impaired after repair of diaphragmatic hernia. The number of bronchioles was reduced in the infant with very few alveoli, and there may have been too few bronchioles in the other patient.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

A simple method for the representative sampling of lungs of diverse size.

The proportion of non-parenchyma (non-gas exchanging tissue) varies with postnatal age and with the distance from the hilum of the lung. We have sampled 11 lungs varying in volume from 24.7 ml to 1308 ml and found that the mid-sagittal slice, or a combination of the two central slices in a lung producing four slices, adequately represents the amount of non-parenchyma and of air in bronchi and bronchioles in the entire lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The use of simple image analysers in lung morphometry.

We have used several commercially available image analysers to measure the inter-alveolar wall distance on histologic sections of animal and human lungs. Inter- and intra-observer variations using these machines are small, and very similar results are obtained using different machines. The recorded result depends on the magnification used since higher resolution produces more intercepts. The plane in which the measurement is made affects the result, representing the difference in shrinkage from fixed tissue to stained slides in the horizontal and vertical planes. Machine-measured inter-alveolar wall distances are smaller than those measured by humans because of the spurious intercepts made by the image analysers. However, the measurements are highly correlated and human-measured inter-alveolar wall distances can be closely predicted from the machine-measured ones. The number of alveoli per unit volume is less well predicted from the average inter-alveolar wall distance. Image analysers may possibly play a useful role in making similar simple measurements in other organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cebocephaly in an infant with trisomy 18.

An infant who died in the perinatal period with the unusual association of trisomy 18 and cebocephaly is described. It is suggested that this association may be more common than is generally recognised because the majority of such infants are stillborn or live only briefly and often do not have chromosome studies performed.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Alveolar multiplication in the contralateral lung after unilateral pneumonectomy in the rabbit.

Four weeks after left pneumonectomy in 10-week-old rabbits, the right lung increased in weight and volume to match the weight and volume of both lungs in control and sham-operated rabbits. Alveolar multiplication occurred in the right lung of the pneumonectomized animals resulting in approximately 60 per cent more alveoli than in the right lung of the control or sham-operated animals. Alveolar size was the same in all animals. The total number of alveoli in the right lungs of the pneumonectomized animals was almost identical to the calculated number of alveoli in both lungs of the control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Encephalitis after administration of live measles vaccine.

In a previously well child with no evidence of pre-existing immunologic defect a fatal encephalitis developed 10 days after administration of measles vaccine. There was pathologic evidence of an early viral encephalitis characterized by perivascular mononulcear infiltrates. Although the virus was not recovered, the diagnosis of a measles virus infection and encephalitis is supported by the postmortem findings of Warthin-Finkeldey cells in lymphoid tissues, an intranuclear inclusion in the brain and histologic changes of encephalitis.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and lung rupture in hyaline membrane disease: influence of continuous distending pressure.

Review of 158 patients with hyaline membrane disease was undertaken. The introduction of artificial ventilation with a positive end-expiratory pressure (IPPB and PEEP) has doubled the prevalence of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and interstitial emphysema from 20.7% to 39.7%). Continuous negative distending pressure during spontaneous ventilation (CNP) was associated with a prevalence of lung rupture similar to that occurring spontaneously (4.8%). No patient treated with CNP alone developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Patients treated with IPPB with PEEP had a marked decreased prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (17.2%) when compared to patients treated with IPPB alone (36.2%), probably related to the enhanced overdistension of relatively normal areas of the lung may be related to the increased prevalence of lung rupture seen during IPPB with PEEP.

Humans↗
PubMed1973

Renal phycomycosis.

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Acute Kidney Injury↗