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Biomedical subjects

C Lane

Publications and source records attributed to C Lane.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Biochemical characterization of a p43,12 complex: comparison with human and murine class I molecules.

A monoclonal antibody designated as C21 reacting with a p43,12 complex was developed against human thymocytes. It stained predominantly the early hematopoietic cells of the lymphoid lineage and also thymocytes, peripheral B-cells and activated T- and B-cells similarly to OKT10. The heavy chain of this antigen was a glycoprotein of Mr 43,000 (p43). Sequential immunoprecipitation with C21 and OKT10 antibodies indicated that they both reacted with an identical heavy-chain molecule. This observation was further documented by two-dimensional analysis. Monoclonal antibody C21 was used to probe a p43,12 complex further. Structural polymorphism of the p43 heavy chain isolated from T- and B-cells of different individuals was not detected by chymotryptic peptide mapping, although molecules from these cell types possessed a different charge on two-dimensional gels. An unusual observation was made regarding this complex on MOLT4 cells. The light chain co-precipitated from these cells was 12,000 daltons and had a pI distinct from that of beta 2-microglobulin but similar to the pI of the beta t molecule. Comparison between chymotryptic peptide maps of the p43 heavy chain and those of the human and murine class I molecules such as HLA, T6, H-2K, Qa-2 and TL revealed no apparent homology. We have shown, however, that the peptide backbone of p43, as studied by both tunicamycin treatment of cells and endoglycosidase F digestion of immunoprecipitates, was identical in size to that of murine Qa-1. These results suggest that the p43 antigen may be homologous to murine Qa-1 or another class I antigen encoded in the murine TL:Qa region.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Human B-cell-stimulatory-factor production by both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes.

The T-cell subsets responsible for the production of human B-cell-stimulatory factor (BSF) have been identified. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), E-rosette-forming cells, and isolated T4+/T8+ subpopulations were cultured for 5 days with and without phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation; the supernatants were then assayed for BSF. BSF activity was detected by a costimulation assay using either Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) or goat anti-human IgM as a B-cell comitogen. Supernatants from all four PHA-stimulated cell preparations were found to exhibit BSF activity. However, supernatants from the unseparated PBMNC showed a kinetic pattern for BSF production different from that of the E-rosette-enriched T-cell population in that the BSF activity of the former reached a maximum at Day 2, followed by a rapid decrease, whereas BSF production by the latter reached a plateau at Days 4-5. Although BSF activity was observed in supernatants from both T4+- and T8+-stimulated T-cell subsets, supernatants from T8+ cells contained 50% less activity than supernatants from T4+ cells. Supernatants from the unstimulated fractions and the mitogen-containing medium control did not exhibit BSF activity. These results indicate that both the helper and the suppressor cell fractions, i.e., T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes, are responsible for the production of BSF. However, it is unclear whether the BSF activities detected in both T-cell subsets are mediated by the same or different molecular entities.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1983

Analgesic efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of meperidine and hydroxyzine, alone and in combination.

As part of a study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of meperidine and hydroxyzine, alone and in combination, a double-blind complete crossover study of meperidine (50 mg IM), hydroxyzine (100 mg IM), meperidine (50 mg IM) plus hydroxyzine (100 mg IM), and saline placebo was conducted. Thirty patients with chronic moderate to severe pain due to metastatic cancer were evaluated as to pain relief following administration of all four study medications. All of the treatment groups showed statistically significant analgesic activity as compared to placebo. Hydroxyzine provided sustained pain relief to six hours, whereas meperidine produced analgesia up to two hours. The combination produced additive analgesia only during the first 2 hr. The pharmacokinetics of meperidine and hydroxyzine were compared to observed analgesia. Significant correlation between serum drug levels of meperidine and hydroxyzine and pain relief resulted and the serum levels of meperidine and hydroxyzine necessary for analgesia were calculated to be 0.10-0.15 mg/ml and 60-70 ng/ml; respectively. The observed analgesia of the meperidine/hydroxyzine combination was correlated with the analgesia of the individual agents and the limited additive analgesia observed with the addition of meperidine to hydroxyzine does not justify the added toxicity of the narcotic.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Fate of secretory proteins trapped in oocytes of Xenopus laevis by disruption of the cytoskeleton or by imbalanced subunit synthesis.

The effects of imbalanced subunit synthesis, temperature, colchicine, and cytochalasin on the secretion from Xenopus laevis oocytes of a variety of avian and mammalian proteins were investigated; these proteins were encoded by microinjected messenger RNA. Cytochalasin and colchicine together severely reduced secretion in a temperature-independent manner, the exact reduction varying among the different proteins. In contrast cytochalasin alone had no effect, whereas colchicine alone caused a smaller, temperature-dependent reduction. The synthesis and subcellular compartmentation of these proteins were unaffected by the drug treatments; however, the proteins did not accumulate in the drug-treated oocytes but were degraded. The rate of degradation of each protein was similar to its rate of exocytosis from untreated oocytes. A similar result was obtained without recourse to drugs by studying the fate of immunoglobulin light chains trapped in oocytes by a deficiency in heavy chain synthesis. These results are discussed in terms of the disruptive effects, as revealed by electron microscopy, of the drug treatments on the cytoskeleton of the oocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Contraception.

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Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Sequestration and turnover of guinea-pig milk proteins and chicken ovalbumin in Xenopus oocytes.

The stability and distribution of proteins within the living cell can be studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Microinjection of messenger RNAs and secretory proteins, followed by cell fractionation, shows that transfer of ovalbumin and milk proteins across intracellular membranes of the oocyte only occurs during their synthesis. Thus milk protein primary translation products, made in the wheat germ cell-free system, when injected into oocytes remain in the cytosol and are not recovered within membrane vesicles. Such miscompartmentalized primary milk proteins are rapidly degraded (t 1/2 0.6 +/- 0.1 h). In contrast, processed milk proteins, extracted from oocytes injected with mammary gland RNA, are relatively stable when introduced into the cytosolic compartment (t 1/2 alpha-lactalbumin 20 +/- 8 h, casein A 6 h, casein B 4 h, casein C 8.3 h). The primary ovalbumin product is also stable (t 1/2 22 +/- 9 h). Indirect evidence that rapid degradation of miscompartmentalized milk protein primary translation products may occur in vivo was obtained by the injection of massive amounts of ovalbumin and milk protein mRNA. Under these conditions there is no accumulation of primary milk protein translation products, but a polypeptide resembling the unglycosylated ovalbium wheat germ primary product can be detected in the cytosol. Only the glyclosylated forms of ovalbumin are found in the oocyte membrane vesicle fraction. We discuss the roles played by the presence of detachable signal sequences and the absence of secondary modifications in determining the rate of degradation of primary translation products within the cytosol.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Requirement for 7-methylguanosine in translation of globin mRNA in vivo.

The 7-methylguanosine (m7G) residue present in the m7G5' ppp5'X-"CAP" structure of rabbit globin mRNA was removed quantitatively by periodate oxidation followed by beta-elimination in the presence of cyclohexylamine. The RNA thus treated was intact and exhibited no signs of degradation as examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in formamide. Assay for protein synthesis using a wheat germ cell-free system showed that the globin mRNA lacking m7G had lost most of its messenger activity. Identical treatment, of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) RNA, which does not contain the 5'-terminal "CAP" structure, resulted in no loss of its mRNA activity. Since the importance of the m7G residue in eukaryotic mRNA has not yet been shown essential for translation in vivo, both untreated and treated globin mRNAs were injected into frog oocytes and their translation into globin was measured at intervals over a ninety-six hour period. Globin mRNA either treated with periodate alone or lacking in m7g altogether were both found to have lost more than 90% of their activity in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Subcellular compartmentation of albumin and globin made in oocytes under the direction of injected messenger RNA.

The Xenopus oocyte can be used to study the nature and specificity of the translational and post-translational systems of a normal living cell. We describe experiments combining messenger RNA microinjection and subcellular fractionation. Total Xenopus liver RNA directs the synthesis of albumin and vitellogenin contained within membrane vesicles; similarly, guinea pig mammary gland mRNA codes for membrane-bound protease-resistant milk proteins. In contrast, iodinated albumin protein injected into oocytes remains in the supernatant fraction, as does globin made on mRNA. The information encoded in the albumin messenger is therefore sufficient to specify synthesis of a membrane-bound product; moreoever, this highly efficient coupled translation-processing system may be of use in the study of the transfer of newly made proteins across membranes. A significant proportion (up to 20%) of newly made oocyte proteins enter a light membrane fraction, and many remain there. We speculate that these vesicles represent part of an important storage system.

Albumins↗
PubMed1977

Modified semiautomated method for free fatty acids in serum.

Modifications have been made to the reagent system of the semiautomated method for the determination of plasma free fatty acids by Baird et al. (1967), and results are reported of investigations into parameters affecting sensitivity and analytical range.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Surveillance of some infectious diseases among aircrew personnel in Southeast Asia.

A 2-year analysis of specimens among aircrew personnel in Southeast Asia is reported. Stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria, blood smears for blood parasites, and sera tested for transaminases (SGOT) and antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica, Toxoplasma gondii, Chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis viruses, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Leptospira sp. and Pseudomonas pseudomallei. One to four specimens each were obtained from 537 adult males and 20 females. There were 56 subjects with intestinal parasites as follows: Giardia lamblia (3.8%), Endolimax nana (2.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.4%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.9%), Entamoeba coli (0.7%), Trichiuris trichiura (1.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.4%), hookworm (0.9%), and Clonorchis sinensis (1.2%). Two individuals had malaria, Plasmodium vivax (0.6%). Pathogenic enteric bacteria were isolated from seven stool specimens; Shigella groups B and D (0.9%), Salmonella paratyphi (0.3%), and Arizona group (0.9%). Significantly elevated SGOT levels were found in 0.9% and antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus in 1.5%, to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in 1.2%, to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in 0.3%, to Entamoeba histolytica in 0.9% and to Toxoplasma gondii in 10.1%. No antibodies were found to Chikungunya virus or Leptospira sp.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy outpatient review: a nurse-led clinic.

The study reported here was a descriptive account of the activities which take place at a traditional doctor-held radiotherapy review clinic. Comparison is made with a nurse-led clinic. Outcome measures, including number of interventions, consultation time, waiting time and degree of involvement with other support services were evaluated. Nurse consultations lasted significantly longer than those of the doctor, although waiting time was reduced. A greater number of referrals and liaison with other support services occurred and resulted in increased continuity of care. The results suggest that specialist nursing staff, given appropriate medical support, provide more effective care by using a holistic model for reviewing patients undergoing outpatient radiotherapy.

Ambulatory Care↗