A new technique for the electron microscope localization of bacterial surface antigens, using unlabeled antisera, has been developed. This technique, called the "immuno-coating reaction" was applied to serological studies of Streptococcus sanguis, using antisera which had been shown to be specific for this species by gel diffusion analysis. The results of the immuno-coating reaction confirmed the specificity of the antisera for S. sanguis. In addition, the data indicate that some of the antigens responsible for the reaction were proteins which formed filamentous processes on the surface of the cell.

Absorption↗

PubMed1971

Myelomeningocele birth defect. Habilitation of the child.

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Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the skin irritation potential of two testosterone transdermal systems: an investigational system and a marketed product.

Effective transdermal therapy provides controlled release of the appropriate amount of a therapeutic agent while minimizing local irritation. Transdermal administration of testosterone has the potential to produce skin irritation. This open-label, randomized, 14-day, outpatient study compared the skin irritation of an investigational testosterone transdermal system (System I) with that of a marketed testosterone transdermal system (System II) in healthy men. In Part 1 of the study. System I was applied 10 times over 14 days to the same skin site on the backs of 26 healthy men. In Part 2, the skin irritation resulting from daily application of Systems I and II was assessed over 14 days in 17 men less than 65 years of age and 16 men 65 years of age or older. At the end of Part I of the study, 65.4% of the subjects experienced no erythema, 15.4% of subjects had faint erythema, and 19.2% had moderately intense erythema immediately after System I removal. At the completion of Part 2, none of the System I application sites were assessed as having moderately intense erythema, whereas one third (33.3%) of System II application sites demonstrated moderately intense erythema. There were no differences in erythema rates between younger and older subjects with either transdermal system. During this study, repeated application of System I to the same skin site resulted in acceptable noncumulative irritation, suggesting that application-site rotation may not be necessary. A comparison of the two systems demonstrates that System I results in significantly less application-site irritation than does System II and that older men do not have a higher rate of skin reactions.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in mixed glia, microglia-enriched or astrocyte-enriched cultures.

Proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), produced by glial cells have been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of various diseases. However, the signal transduction pathway(s) for the production of these cytokines in glial cells are not well understood. This study examined the effects of two potent protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin A25, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 in mouse primary mixed glia, microglia- or astrocyte-enriched cultures. LPS dose-dependently increased the production of TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 from the mixed glia cultures. Genistein or tyrphostin A25 significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of these cytokines. The LPS-induced TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 production in microglia- or astrocyte-enriched cultures were also inhibited by tyrphostin A25. These results demonstrate that protein tyrosine kinases are involved in the signaling events of the LPS-induced production of TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, or IL-6 in microglia or astrocytes, which may provide insights into therapeutic interventions in the pathway for cytokine production in the brain.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of a new method of caries removal: in vivo study].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test Carisolv gel, a chemo-mechanical caries removal system, which is able to remove selectively dental caries. METHODS: Actual restorative procedures comprise drilling to remove caries as well as to make the cavity suitable for filling materials and the treatment is often associated with pain. In this way tooth structure removal is bigger, irritation of dental pulp may occur, and the tissue we eliminate is more than the real infected tissue. In order to exceed these disadvantages we carried out pulp capping (direct and indirect), followed in time by X-ray controls, using the traditional technique and with the new Carisolv system. Patients were selected in the Paedodontic Dept. of the Dental Institute in Sassari University with the following characteristics: age between 8-18 years-old and with permanent teeth showing deep carious lesions and without pulpitis. RESULTS: Our data show hopeful results for indirect pulp capping, with a thick dentin layer reconstituted over the pulp chamber, above all for the new Carisolv technique. CONCLUSIONS: Carisolv is a valid alternative to the traditional techniques, saving precious dental tissue only for indirect capping.

Adolescent↗