Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C L Williams

Publications and source records attributed to C L Williams.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Suckling behavior of the infant rat: modulation by a developing neurotransmitter system.

Drugs which alter serotonin receptor activity modified the suckling behavior of 20-day-old rat pups. Suckling could be reinstated in nondeprived pups, which normally do not suckle, by blockade of serotonin receptors with methysergide. Stimulation of serotonin receptors with quipazine inhibited suckling in deprived pups, and this effect was prevented by methysergide pretreatment. This evidence suggests that suckling in weaning age pups is controlled by a serotonergic inhibitory mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Motivating adolescents to reduce risk for chronic disease.

Motivating children to reduce risk for future disease can only be effective within a framework of personal involvement and peer interaction. The 'Know Your Body' programme of disease prevention is attempting to achieve this goal by means of medical screening for risk factors, giving students their own results in a 'Health Passport', and following up with educational activities integrated into existing school curricula. Didactic teaching alone has been unsuccessful because children cannot relate information about diseases in adult life to themselves. Screening for risk factors provides the 'reality factor' which makes health education pertinent and personal, since approximately half of all students screened will already have one or more risk factors for heart disease, cancer or stroke. This high prevalence of risk factors among our children suggests that chronic-disease prevention must assume a critically important position within the health and science curricula of every school. It is as important to teach our children healthy ways of living as it is to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Correlates of impulsive suicidal behaviour.

Up to two-thirds of reported suicidal acts are impulsive in nature. In a series of patients presenting at a general hospital as a result of suicidal behaviour, it was concluded that over half the acts were impulsive in nature. A number of variables were found to be related to the occurrence of impulsive suicidal behaviour and they included the following: a past history of suicidal behaviour, the tablets being in the same room when the decision to engage in the act was reached, the ingestion of more than half the available tablets, and finally, the tablets tending to be bottled rather than foil packaged. Findings were discussed in terms of the aetiology and prevention of impulsive suicidal behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A typology of parasuicide.

Parasuicide is not a single syndrome. Subtypes at present recognized are based largely on clinically derived stereotypes. When considering a series of patients, the clinician is unable to handle more than a few attributes at a time. This paper describes the application of three very different clustering algorithms to a material of 350 treated parasuicide patients. Mathematically, three types emerge. Clinically, two of these are interpretable and make sense. The types established are: I (n = 107) a group not characterized by any of the variables we examined; this group is a puzzle, mainly because the reasons for the parasuicidal act are not clear. II (n = 132) a depressed, alienated group with high life-endangerment. III (n = III) a group whose act was highly operant: they felt alienated and were angry with others. These groups did not differ significantly on demographic variables. The usefulness of this typology, particularly for management, after-care and prevention, has now to be assessed.

Anger↗
PubMed1976

Effect of oral prophylactic broad spectrum nonabsorbable antibiotics on the gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients and methotrexate in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma patients.

Patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, in a study utilizing laminar-air-flow-protected environments, oral prophylactic broad spectrum non-absorbable antibiotics (PNAA), and intensive combination chemotherapy, were examined to determine the effects of PNAA on serum biochemical values and on gastrointestinal absorption of both nutrients and methotrexate. With use of PNAA the following abnormalities were observed; serum carotene and folate decreased, D-xylose absorption was impaired, fat globules and muscle fibers were demonstrable in the stool, and the mean weight loss in 6 weeks was 10.2% as compared with 4.3% in patients not treated with antibiotics. Methotrexate absorption decreased from a mean of 69% prior to antibiotic use to 44% on PNAA. Thus, PNAA causes malabsorption of both nutrients and drugs. It appears unwise to treat patients on PNAA with oral antineoplastic drugs. Nutritional status must also be closely monitored and supplemental nutrition, either intravenously or with elemental diets, must be considered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Attempted suicide: an operant formulation.

An alternative formulation of attempted suicide is offered, in which the phenomenon is considered within the context of social learning theory. The suicidal behaviour is viewed as an operant which is reinforced and maintained by the consequent interpersonal contingencies. The modification of the suicidal behaviour then involves alteration of the contingent consequences. This theoretical formulation is elaborated and the treatment principles and practice are outlined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Suicide behavior: community attitudes and beliefs.

A survey of community attitudes and beliefs concerning suicidal behavior is reported, in which women from two suburbs differing widely in their rates of hospital treated self-poisoning and self-injury were interviewed. Sympathetic attitudes to suicidal behavior and to those who engage in it were significantly more prevalent in the low-risk area. Community beliefs regarding lethality, etiology, and ability to distinguish suicide and "attempted suicide" are reported, and the relationship of these beliefs to attitudes is discussed.

Attitude↗