Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C L Reid

Publications and source records attributed to C L Reid.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Left ventricular asynergy in acute myocarditis. Simulation of acute myocardial infarction.

Recent studies have demonstrated the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of regional wall abnormalities in acute myocardial infarction. We describe two patients with acute myocarditis who had acute chest pain simulating acute myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiography initially demonstrated regional wall motion abnormalities that disappeared within a few days. These two cases illustrate that regional wall motion abnormalities are not specific for acute myocardial infarction and that acute myocarditis may simulate acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Echocardiographic detection of pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium: the air gap sign.

Six patients referred for echocardiographic evaluation in whom an unusual echocardiographic sign resulted from air within the mediastinum or pericardium are described. Three patients had a pneumomediastinum that occurred after chest trauma and three patients had a pneumopericardium induced during a therapeutic pericardiocentesis. Important features included a broad band of echoes (air) recorded during held respiration which obscured the normal cardiac structures and dropout (gap) of echoes posteriorly. Between the cyclic appearance of the "air gap" sign, intracardiac structures were normally visualized. Echocardiographic recording of the air gap sign was identical in the six cases; it disappeared after resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of the pneumopericardium or pneumomediastinum. The pattern most likely resulted from air within the anterior mediastinum or pericardium interfering with the echographic beam and resulted in a cyclic appearance from systole to early diastole as the air was displaced by the changing cardiac size. Recognition of the air gap sign can be helpful in evaluating patients for pneumomediastinum or pneumopericardium after thoracic trauma.

Air↗
PubMed1983

Mitral valve aneurysm: clinical features, echocardiographic-pathologic correlations.

Aneurysm of the mitral valve occurs most commonly in association with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve. The probable mechanism of its formation is destruction of the aortic valve which results in a regurgitant jet that strikes the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, creating a secondary site of infection leading to the development of an aneurysm. Perforation of these aneurysms may occur, resulting in mitral regurgitation and pulmonary edema from a ventricle already volume overloaded from aortic regurgitation. This report describes the clinical and echocardiographic-pathologic findings in five patients with pathologically proven aneurysm of the mitral valve. There are no clinical features that appear specific for this abnormality. The two-dimensional echocardiographic feature that is helpful in the diagnosis is a bulge of the mitral valve leaflet toward the left atrium that persists throughout the cardiac cycle. Preoperative diagnosis is important because a mitral valve aneurysm may produce serious complications and is frequently overlooked during surgery. Repair of the aneurysm may be feasible; otherwise, valve replacement becomes necessary. Careful two-dimensional echocardiographic examination should be done in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis to detect an aneurysm of the mitral valve.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of patients previously treated with dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine.

CONTEXT: Use of anorexigen therapy is associated with valvular abnormalities, although there is limited information on long-term changes in valvular regurgitation following discontinuation of these agents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in valvular regurgitation, valve morphology, and clinical parameters 1 year after an initial echocardiogram in patients previously treated with dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine and in untreated controls. DESIGN AND SETTING: A reader-blinded, multicenter, echocardiographic and clinical 1-year follow-up study at 25 outpatient clinical sites. PATIENTS: A total of 1142 obese patients (1466 participated in the initial study) who had follow-up echocardiogram; all but 4 had a follow-up medical history and physical examination. Follow-up time from discontinuation of drug to follow-up echocardiogram for 371 dexfenfluramine patients was 17.5 months (range, 13-26 months) and for 340 phentermine/fenfluramine patients was 18.7 months (range, 13-26 months) after discontinuation of drug therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in grade of valvular regurgitation and valve morphology and mobility. RESULTS: Echocardiographic changes in aortic regurgitation were observed in 8 controls (7 [1.7%] had decreases; 1 [0.2%] had an increase); 29 dexfenfluramine patients (23 [6.4%] had decreases; 6 [1.7%] had increases; P<.001 vs controls); and 15 phentermine/fenfluramine patients (4.5% all decreases; P =.03 vs controls). No statistically significant differences were observed when treated patients were compared with controls for changes in medical history, physical findings, mitral regurgitation, aortic or mitral leaflet mobility or thickness, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, ejection fraction, valve surgery, or cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: Progression of valvular abnormalities is unlikely in patients 1 year after an initial echocardiogram and 13 to 26 months after discontinuation of dexfenfluramine and phentermine/fenfluramine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Left ventricular diastolic function in the elderly.

Previous studies using pulsed Doppler echocardiography have demonstrated a pattern of abnormal left ventricular relaxation associated with increasing age. Specifically, aging is associated with decreased peak velocity of early diastolic mitral inflow, increased peak velocity of late diastolic inflow, increased isovolumic relaxation time, and early diastolic deceleration time. Abnormal relaxation can progress to significantly elevated left atrial pressure--characterized by increased early peak velocity and shortened isovolumic relaxation time and deceleration time--as part of the disease processes. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent, occurring in one half to two thirds of elderly patients with congestive heart failure, in association with normal systolic function. Left ventricular hypertrophy, which is commonly related to systemic arterial hypertension, and ischemic heart disease are the two major causes of abnormal left ventricular diastolic function in the elderly. Recently, newer echocardiographic techniques have been described that allow more accurate evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. Treatments for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction should focus on the underlying disease etiology as well as on the derangement in left ventricular diastolic function. Although calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been used clinically to treat diastolic dysfunction, their effects on prognosis remain unproven.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High school graduation requirements for students with disabilities.

Although increasing the high school graduation rate is now a national goal, requirements for graduation are not set at the national level. And, although the goal is said to include students in special education programs, what high school graduation means for these students is not clear. We collected documentation from state departments of education to examine high school graduation requirements for students in general, and for students with disabilities. Forty-four states use Carnegie course unit requirements ranging from 10.35 to 24.00 credits. Seventeen states currently have requirements for either a minimum competency test or an exit exam. Local education agencies in several states have the option of establishing more stringent requirements than called for in state guidelines. Exit documents that are awarded to students with disabilities (e.g., standard diplomas, modified diplomas, certificates of attendance) also vary from state to state, with similar requirements sometimes earning different types of exit documents in different states. These inconsistencies in graduation requirements and their implications for students with learning disabilities are discussed.

Adolescent↗