Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C L Reed.
A virion-associated antigen, CP-1, was detected on the surface of hamster cells after transformation by inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1. Presence of the CP-1 antigen on the cells correlates with the synthesis of antibody by tumorbearing hamsters capable of neutralizing both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
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The purpose of this study was to characterize initial sensitivity (IS), acute functional tolerance (AFT), and rate of tolerance development to ethanol in lines of mice selected for aggression mice as well as to investigate the impact of isolate housing on these phenotypes. The results showed that for IS, there were no differences among treatment groups. For acute tolerance and rate of tolerance development, a Line x Sex x Housing interaction was present, with the response to housing being more pronounced in the low aggressive line than the high aggressive line, and the females being more affected than the males. Correlational analysis showed low to moderate associations between rate of tolerance development and IS, as well as between rate of tolerance and AFT. Housing condition significantly influenced female expression of ethanol phenotypes as compared to males. The line of the subject also influenced the magnitude of expression of these phenotypes. These findings suggest that environmental and genetic influences interact to influence acute tolerance and rate of tolerance development.
The term noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) refers to the delivery of an aberrant behavior's known reinforcer on a response-independent basis. The typical result is a decrease in responding from baseline (i.e., reinforcement) levels. NCR has become one of the most reported function-based treatments for aberrant behavior in the recent literature. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the history of the procedure and summarize the findings from the treatment research literature. The review is organized into the following sections: (a) basic research on NCR, (b) NCR as a control procedure, (c) NCR as a function-based treatment, (d) considerations in the programming of NCR schedules, (e) behavior-change mechanisms underlying NCR effects, and (t) directions for future research.
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