Positive autocrossmatch and slough of the ureteral mucosa: a case report.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C L Parsons
Publications and source records attributed to C L Parsons.
A minimal-world-pair model for teaching the linguistic significance of distinctive feature properties.
A word level behavioral routine for the remediation of distinctive feature errors was developed for resolving some current theoretical criticisms of minimal-pair therapy. Seven children with moderate to severe non-organic phonological disabilities were taught to correctly discriminate and produce sounds in words by utilizing lexical contrasts. A one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized to establish that the number and severity of the sound substitutions decreased with training. Phonemic improvement was demonstrated with as few as three minimal-pair-words. A paradigm is proffered for future development and explanation.
Articulation Disorders↗
Impairment of antibacterial effect of bladder surface mucin by protamine sulfate.
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Animals↗
Bladder-surface glycosaminoglycans: an efficient mechanism of environmental adaptation.
The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan than inhibits the adherence of bacteria. Synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycans instilled intraluminally into bladders whose natural mucin layer has been removed are as effective as the natural mucin in preventing bacterial adherence. It also appears that adherence of calcium and protein is reduced in the presence of both the natural mucin layer and the synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycan sodium pentosanpolysulfate, suggesting that the antiadherence activity of both natural and synthetic surface glycosaminoglycans in the bladder extends to the molecular and ionic levels.
Adsorption↗
Percutaneous nephrostomy: experience in 107 kidneys.
We were successful using percutaneous nephrostomy to relieve upper urinary obstruction in 98 of 107 kidneys. In two thirds of our patients obstruction was due to neoplasm, with prostatic cancer the leading cause. Percutaneous nephrostomy proved to be ideally suited for drainage of pyonephrosis and in azotemic patients. Its use can obviate surgical nephrostomy and prolonged ureteral catheter drainage. We also are encouraged by our early experience with extensions of percutaneous nephrostomy, including percutaneous ureteral stenting, renal stone dissolution, and percutaneous pyelolithotomy.
Angiography↗
In vitro bacterial adherence to vaginal cells of normal and cystitis-prone women.
Using an in vitro assay system to quantitate the adherence of Escherichia coli to vaginal cells we found no statistically significant difference in mean bacterial adherence per cell in either infection-prone or normal women at either pH 6.4 or 4.0, which is that of the normal vaginal introitus. In addition, we found that the assay method used by previous investigators contained large sources of error, making it difficult to draw conclusions based upon the data obtained with this method.
Adult↗
Hemiacidrin irrigation of renal pelvic calculi in patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion.
Five quadriplegic patients with ureteroileocutaneous urinary diversion and recurrent renal calculi underwent 8 episodes of renal pelvic irrigation with hemiacidrin solution. Irrigations were done either via a nephrostomy tube or transileostomy ureteral catheters with close monitoring of urine sterility and serum magnesium. The stones were dissolved totally in 3 of 4 patients. There were no serious complications encountered during the irrigations and the only failure was in a patient with a single ureteral catheter. Serum magnesium levels were elevated mildly in 2 patients, both of whom experienced concomitant nausea and this was relieved by discontinuing the irrigations. Hemiacidrin irrigation into collecting systems that contain interposed bowel appears to be a safe and effective form of therapy for stones.
Adolescent↗
Direct vision internal urethrotomy in the management of urethral strictures.
Direct vision internal urethrotomy is a safe, effective means to treat urethral strictures and vesical neck contractures. Its success rate approaches 90 per cent with 6 months of followup, although a longer interval may be necessary for a more accurate record. It often can be performed in an outpatient setting, under topical anesthesia and with only 1 day of catheter drainage, which provides considerable savings in hospital costs.
Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Antibacterial activity of bladder surface mucin duplicated in the rabbit bladder by exogenous glycosaminoglycan (sodium pentosanpolysulfate).
Previous data from our laboratory suggest that the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan. The presence of this substance at the bladder surface markedly reduces the ability of microorganisms to adhere to the mucosa. Furthermore, this glycosaminoglycan can be removed (with acid) and replaced by intravesical instillation of a synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycan (heparin), whose presence is as effective as that of the natural glycosaminoglycan in reducing adherence. We conducted the current study with a different sulfonated glycosaminoglycan to determine whether the antiadherence activity is generalized to heparin congeners and whether the antiadherence effect of heparin is independent of its known anticoagulant activity. In this study we examined the sulfonated glycosaminoglycan, sodium pentosanpolysulfate, which lacks significant anticoagulant activity, and found it to have a mechanism of antiadherence analogous to that of heparin and almost equally as active on a weight basis.
Animals↗
Effect of bacterial metabolic state on vesical mucosal adherence.
14C-labeled Escherichia coli was introduced into acid-treated and intact rabbit bladders in vivo. Live, dead, and metabolically inhibited bacteria displayed similar interaction with the urothelium with and without intact surface mucoprotein. Disruption of the mucoprotein layer by acid reduced the defense potential in each group to a similar degree. Neither active metabolism nor bacterial cell death seems to enhance bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa.
Adhesiveness↗
Antibacterial activity of bladder surface mucin duplicated by exogenous glycosaminoglycan (heparin).
We have previously shown that the transitional cells lining the urinary bladder are capable of producing glycosaminoglycan (GAG). By use of a quantitative in vivo method of measuring bacterial adherence, we demonstrated that bacterial adherence to the mucosal cells is diminished in the presence of this GAG, rises when it is removed (by acid), and returns to normal when the GAG is resynthesized (in less than 24 h). We also found that this much layer could be removed (with a corresponding rise in bacterial adherence) and that addition of exogenous GAG (heparin) to the bladder prevented the expected rise in bacterial adherence. This study analyzed in depth the manner by which heparin prevents the rise in adherence seen when the mucin is removed. Pretreatment of bacteria with heparin had no effect on adherence, whereas pretreatment of the bladder with heparin inhibited adherence. To corroborate our impression that the heparin was coating the transitional cells, [3H]heparin was added to bladders after removal of mucin. Autoradiography revealed the heparin to be adherent to the surface of the transitional cells.
Animals↗
In vitro adherence of radioactively labeled Escherichia coli in normal and cystitis-prone females.
Numerous investigators report data obtained using an in vitro quantitative assay for measuring bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. We found this assay to contain significant sources of error in the large variation in number of bacteria bound per cell and in the dependence on the investigator's visual counting of bacteria bound per cell. In the modified assay described here, we eliminated the need for visual counting of bacteria by incorporating the use of radioactively labeled Escherichia coli. This allowed quantitation of bacterial adherence to as many as 50,000 vaginal cells, whereas the visual counting system limits the determination to perhaps 50 cells. We feel that the use of radioactively labeled bacteria in place of the visual counting system increases the validity and sensitivity of this assay. Using the modified method, we found no statistically significant differences among values for adherence of E. coli type 04 to the vaginal cells of control and cystitis-prone women at either pH 6.4 or 4.0.
Adhesiveness↗
The protective effect of heparin in experimental bladder infection.
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Adsorption↗
Bladder surface mucin. Examination of possible mechanisms for its antibacterial effect.
We have previusly provided physiologic and histochemical data implicating the bladder surface mucin layer as an important new antibacterial defense mechanism. This mucin or its contents seems to act as an "antiadherence factor", inhibiting bacterial adherence to the bladder mucosa and thereby facilitating the removal of bacteria by the voiding process. The present study was designed to investigate three mechanisms by which the mucin might repel bacterial attachment. Our data suggest that neither IgA nor a chelating agent are anti-adherence factors. We did find, however, that pH had a significant effect on the adherence of bacteria to mucosal cells stripped of their mucin layer. This result suggest that electrochemical charge is important in bacterial adherence. We beleive that the mucin layer both provides an electrochemical coat on the bladder surface that is a poor substrate for bacterial adherence and blocks the receptor sites of the transitional cells to which the microbes might adhere.
Adhesiveness↗
Bladder surface mucin. Its antibacterial effect against various bacterial species.
We previously reported the results of quantitative and histochemical studies implicating the surface mucin of the bladder mucosa as an important antibacterial defense mechanism, which functions by preventing bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall. We call the mucin "anti-adherence factor" and we feel this is a previously undocumented role for mucin as a type of host antibacterial defense. These experiments were conduced with Escherichia coli. In an effort to determine whether the anti-adherence ability of the vesical mucin was a generalized phenomenon, we repeated these studies using unrelated bacterial species, including E coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of the vesical mucosa to resist bacterial adherence to its surface was found to be independent of the bacterial species that was investigated.
Animals↗
Vesical defense: further evidence for a charge-related mucosal anti-adherence mechanism.
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Animals↗
Role of urothelial surface mucoprotein in intrinsic bladder defense.
To implicate further the surface mucoprotein as the factor responsible for preventing bacterial attachment to the bladder mucosa, rabbit urothelium was severely disrupted and allowed to regenerate for varying periods of time. Quantitative measurements of the attachment of 14C-labeled Escherichia coli were correlated with the histologic presence of the surface mucoprotein. Control levels of bacterial attachment were observed only when the PAS-positive layer had regenerated, further supporting the role of this layer in the bladder's antibacterial defense.
Adsorption↗