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Biomedical subjects

C L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to C L Miller.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The periportal collar: a CT sign of liver transplant rejection.

A low-attenuation region around the peripheral portal tracts (periportal collar) was noted on 13 of 43 computed tomographic studies obtained in 17 patients who had undergone 20 orthotopic liver transplantations. This region was then correlated with acute liver transplant rejection. The periportal collar as a sign of rejection has a sensitivity of 1.0, a specificity of 0.86, a negative predictive value of 1.0, and a positive predictive value of 0.62. This sign corresponds histopathologically with the lymphocytic portal infiltration that occurs during acute liver transplant rejection. Though viral hepatitis and nonspecific portal triad edema can also result in a periportal collar, acute liver rejection is strongly suggested when this sign is seen after liver transplantation. Early diagnosis and confirmation of rejection permit faster and more appropriate clinical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mammographic changes after reduction mammoplasty.

Mammograms obtained in 24 patients after reduction mammoplasty were reviewed retrospectively to define the mammographic findings seen after this procedure. Nine characteristics were found. The most frequent findings were skin thickening and retraction of the lower portion of the breast, transposition of breast parenchyma from a high to a low position, and a high nipple. The image characteristics were then correlated with the surgical type of mammoplasty performed, that is, dermal transposition of the nipple vs full-thickness nipple-areolar graft. All patients who had dermal transposition had complete or partial preservation of continuity between the subareolar ducts and the nipple. Patients who had nipple-areolar grafts showed either disruption of the subareolar ducts or very fatty breasts without visible ductal tissue. Reduction mammoplasty produces characteristic and predictable mammographic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acetabular osteochondrosis dissecans in a foal.

Osteochondrosis affecting the acetabula in horses is rarely reported. Osteochondrosis dissecans in foals only a few weeks old is also an uncommon finding. Lesions compatible with osteochondrosis dissecans in the acetabulum were found to be the cause of a chronic coxofemoral lameness in a 3-week-old Arabian filly. The history, physical examination findings, joint fluid analysis, gross pathologic and histopathologic findings are described.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

Antibody response and clinical reactions in children given measles vaccine with immunoglobulin.

Antibody responses and clinical reactions to three measles vaccines (Attenuvax, Mevilin, and Rimevax) injected into the opposite arm to immunoglobulin were assessed in 45 children with brain disorders making them susceptible to fits if given measles vaccine alone. In this small study no unacceptable reactions occurred and in only three cases was the antibody response minimal or absent. More children in this special category should be considered for vaccination against measles in this way.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1986

Role of an immunisation advisory clinic.

An immunisation advisory clinic was set up in Redbridge in 1984 to try to allay the anxieties of parents and doctors about vaccination against whooping cough and measles. The parents agreed to vaccination for 54 out of 67 children against whooping cough and 54 out of 57 against measles. Most of the 117 children who were referred to the clinic probably would not have been vaccinated, although only two had valid contraindications.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Leaching of 226Ra from U mill tailings by sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Relatively insoluble sulfate precipitates appear to be a major host for Ra in sulfuric acid-treated, U mill tailings. The dissolution of such precipitates by natural processes, such as metabolism by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), creates the potential for release of Ra to contacting waters. Significant leaching of Ra by SRB was achieved in the laboratory during the anaerobic incubation (1 to 119 days) of U mill tailings with pure cultures of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and mixed cultures containing SRB isolated from the tailings, all grown on a lactate medium at room temperature. While the maximum 226Ra concentration reached in a sterile media control was 0.44 Bq/L (12 pCi/L), that in the SRB systems was 61 Bq/L (1640 pCi/L) or about 20% of the total Ra inventory in the original tailings sample. The leaching of Ra in SRB systems was accompanied by a decrease in soluble sulfate concentration, an increase in total sulfide concentration, and an increase in the number of SRB. The observed leaching effect does not appear to be due to the action of microbial chelates or to binding to cell walls. Potential implications of these findings to the management of U mill tailings and other radioactive wastes are discussed.

Desulfovibrio↗
PubMed1986

CT evaluation of Kimray-Greenfield filter complications.

CT is a simple noninvasive method for evaluating inferior-vena-caval filters. The cross-sectional format offers an advantage over other techniques because the pericaval region is also evaluated. Thirteen patients scanned for localization and suspected complications of the Kimray-Greenfield filter revealed pericaval organ injury, retroperitoneal hematoma, and filter perforation. These events could only be inferred indirectly from other imaging techniques. In addition, CT easily demonstrated the position of the filter within the inferior vena cava and the relation of the filter to the renal veins. CT is a valuable adjunct to radiography, echography, and contrast venography in monitoring patients with Kimray-Greenfield filters.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sequential studies of NK cell activity in human pregnancy.

We have assessed maternal NK cell function sequentially during and after 14 uncomplicated human pregnancies. As the pattern of response varied in different individuals, a single examination may not provide reliable information. Normally, there was depression of NK cell activity throughout pregnancy, most obvious in the first trimester. In one individual, no depression was seen at any stage. Cryopreservation of peripheral blood leucocytes had no effect on NK activity. In contrast to previous reports, we found no consistent effect of pregnancy serum or plasma on the NK cell activity of control normal lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Post-ischemia immunosuppression in a miniature swine model.

Yucatan miniature swine were the experimental model used to examine the effect of ischemia-injury on post-ischemic monocyte (MO) and immune function. Monocyte plasminogen activator (PA) was depressed while MO tissue factor activity was increased. The ability of porcine monocytes to generate a primary in vitro antibody forming cell (AFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) also was depressed by ischemic injury. The mechanism by which ischemic injury modulated immunosuppression appeared to be through generation of immunosuppressive serum substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of selective vaccination on rubella susceptibility and infection in pregnancy.

The effect of school and adult vaccination on susceptibility to rubella in women of childbearing age was assessed in the Manchester area, where the population attending antenatal clinics is over 40 000 a year. Between 1979 and 1984 the proportion susceptible fell from 6.4% to 2.7%. In 1984, 4.2% of nulliparous women were susceptible compared with 1.4% of women in their second or subsequent pregnancy. Eighty five per cent of pregnant women screened and found to be non-immune were vaccinated post partum before leaving hospital. Requests for prevaccination screening of non-pregnant women increased in response to a national campaign and at the time of local outbreaks of rubella but only two thirds of those found to be nonimmune were subsequently vaccinated. During 1983 and 1984 infection was confirmed in 57 pregnant women--2% of those non-immune. Selective vaccination has reduced susceptibility to rubella in the childbearing population, but it is suggested that mass vaccination of children of both sexes should be added to the existing policy to control circulation of wild rubella virus and reduce the risk of infection to pregnant women who remain susceptible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Dextran as a modulator of immune and coagulation activities in trauma patients.

Low Mr dextran has been utilized as a prophylactic therapy in treatment of coagulopathy. There is evidence that monocyte dysfunctions are important contributors to hypercoagulability episodes, as well as to immunoincompetence post-trauma. Dextran is a known monocyte modulator. Consequently, we evaluated the efficacy of dextran infusion in moderating immune dysfunction, monocyte aberrations, and hypercoagulability episodes. Twenty-eight trauma patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group of 15 received dextran at 1 g/kg wt/24 hr for 5 days in addition to standard resuscitation and treatment. The control or nontreated patient group received only standard treatment. Trauma patients in the two groups were retrospectively matched by injury severity score (ISS) to ensure comparability. Blood samples were collected daily for some studies and at 3-day intervals for other assays. In vivo coagulation status was evaluated by assessing the changes in intravascular fibrinopeptide A (FPA). Immune reactivity to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was also evaluated. Both monocyte production of plasminogen activator (PA) and monocyte production of procoagulant activity (PCA) have been shown to correspond to and be augmented by monocyte-T lymphocyte interactions. Consequently, monocyte production of plasminogen activator and procoagulant activity were assessed as measures of monocyte immune activity as well as indicators of monocyte function in controlling the balance between fibrinolysis and coagulation. Only patients with ISS of greater than 25 experienced significant immune, coagulation, or monocyte aberrations. Of those having an injury severity score (ISS) score of 25-35, all of the control and two of the dextran patients had significant perturbations in their immune and monocyte functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1985

Soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers stimulate monocyte-macrophage inflammatory functions.

Soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers are released by gram-positive bacteria when beta-lactam antibiotics are administered to humans. In this report, we show that this type of peptidoglycan can stimulate monocyte-macrophage functions that cause inflammation. Non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers from penicillin-treated Streptococcus faecium were purified and shown to stimulate the production of interleukin 1 by human monocytes and of colony-stimulating factors by a murine macrophage cell line. In addition, the release of plasminogen activator by human monocytes was inhibited by the soluble peptidoglycan. These in vitro results suggest that prolonged treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics, by causing the production of soluble peptidoglycan, may result in interleukin 1-mediated inflammatory reactions, excessive production of monocytes and granulocytes, and increased fibrin deposition.

Colony-Stimulating Factors↗