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Biomedical subjects

C L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to C L Miller.

172 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha-MSH and MCH are functional antagonists in a CNS auditory gating paradigm.

The peptides alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH; rat and salmon sequence) were administered to anesthetized rats by intracerebroventricular infusion. Depth recordings were carried out in the dorsal hippocampus, and auditory gating was assessed. Auditory gating in this paradigm refers to the decrease in amplitude of the second of two tone-evoked CNS potentials that can be measured when pairs of identical tones are presented 500 ms apart. Alpha-MSH increases auditory gating, whereas MCH has the opposite effect. When MCH was administered prior to alpha-MSH, the ability of alpha-MSH to increase auditory gating was blocked. Thus, the two peptides appear to be functional antagonists.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current impact of measles in the United Kingdom.

Annual measles notifications in the United Kingdom continue to exceed 100,000 despite the introduction in 1968 of routine measles vaccination for children aged one to two years. One in 5,000 children with notified cases of measles die; complications of the disease remain similar in incidence and severity to those observed in 1963. The overall vaccine acceptance of 50% has reduced notifications of disease primarily among children aged one to four and five to nine years. In areas where vaccination acceptance is higher than the national average, there has been a reduction in notifications for all age groups. Schwarz strain vaccine, which has been in use since 1968, has been shown to give protection lasting up to 16 years. Despite the reduction in the incidence of measles and the low acceptance of vaccine, no apparent increase has been found in the number of 11-year-old children susceptible to measles, a finding demonstrated by an unchanging percentage of children with measles antibody from 1974-1981.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local cerebral blood flow following transient cerebral ischemia. I. Onset of impaired reperfusion within the first hour following global ischemia.

Using the hydrogen clearance technique, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in 22 dogs was estimated at 6 parietal sites prior to and following 5 min of total global ischemia. Ischemia was immediately followed by an initial reactive hyperemia during which the electrocorticogram (ECoG) usually began to recover, and within the first 30 min, most of the LCBF's decreased to subnormal values. This onset of hypoperfusion was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in ECoG activity. Two animals that maintained normal local perfusion after the initial hyperemia recovered ECoG activity quickly. These results suggest that the subsequent poor reperfusion was caused by an increased microvascular resistance rather than by blood aggregates, increased blood viscosity, or a variety of other mechanism which have been proposed. Increased vascular tonus was, at least, partly responsible for the increased vascular resistance. This report supports the hypothesis that impaired reperfusion (which occurs some time after an initial hyperemia) may be responsible for ultimate neuronal death, rather than the period of global ischemic hypoxia per se.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local cerebral blood flow following transient cerebral ischemia. II. Effect of arterial PCO2 on reperfusion following global ischemia.

Following 5 minutes of global ischemia, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was shown to have an initial reactive hyperemia that was followed, within the first hour, by persistent hypoperfusion (Part I). Intracranial pressure (ICP) was never elevated during the period of poor reperfusion. These experiments attempted to reverse the state of subnormal LCBF by inducing hypercarbia or hyocarbia or maintaining normocarbia. Although hypocarbia did increase LCBF at several electrode sites, neither the intracerebral steal syndrome nor the "squeeze" syndrome are a dominant consequence of hypercarbia in this model of global ischemia. Hypercarbia was consistently more effective in elevating LCBFs and in recovery of the electrocorticogram. It appears that, in the absence of raised ICP, hypercarbia may be preferred to normal or low PACO2,. Even though hypercarbia was superior to normocarbia or hypocarbia, hypercarbia was not a completely satisfactory regimen for reversing the state of poor reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening a skilled nursing home population for depression.

The population resident in the skilled nursing home of a Veterans Administration Hospital on the 27th of June 1988 was screened for the presence of depression. Only 74% of the patients (59 of 80) were able to complete most of the screening battery: the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Thirty-four percent of the sample (20 of 59) met the criteria for a DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnosis; 22% (13 patients) had a major depressive disorder, and 12% (seven patients) had an adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale was more effective than the Hamilton Depression Scale as a screening instrument in this population of frail elderly veterans who had multiple and severe medical problems (end-stage cardiac disease, progressive myasthenia gravis, terminal pulmonary disease, and multiple cerebrovascular accidents) that limited verbal and nonverbal communication, as well as physical endurance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors contributing to child abuse.

Medical data of 48 children up to six years of age who were hospitalized at a public children's hospital for battering between 1965 and 1973 were compared with a random sample of comparable data of 50 nonbattered children. The average age of the battered children was 15.5 months. No differences were found between abused and nonabused children on study questions.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gold compounds on the function of phagocytic cells. I. Suppression of phagocytosis and the generation of chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) and auranofin (AF) on polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes has been assessed using a Candida albicans phagocytosis method and by the generation of chemiluminescence of activated cells. Both compounds inhibited the phagocytosis of Candida albicans but at therapeutic concentrations this was only consistent and significant with AF. This drug, but not GSTM, also had a suppressive effect on the generation of chemiluminescence. These results suggest that AF has a more potent effect on PMN function than GSTM. They also suggest that the effect of these compounds in vitro may differ from each other and from the effects previously reported with other phagocytic cells, notably peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Candida albicans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epstein-Barr virus protein LMP2A regulates reactivation from latency by negatively regulating tyrosine kinases involved in sIg-mediated signal transduction.

Like other herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) persists in its host through an ability to establish latent infection with episodic reactivations. In latent infection EBV expresses an integral membrane protein LMP2A that regulates reactivation from latency. LMP2A is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated and is associated with lyn and syk tyrosine kinases. The activity of lyn is substantially reduced. In EBV-infected cells in which LMP2A is expressed, crosslinking of sIg fails to trigger the protein tyrosine kinase signal cascade, tyrosine phosphorylation of cell proteins does not change, second messengers are not generated, and lytic EBV infection is not induced. In contrast, crosslinking of sIg on cells infected with EBV recombinants with null mutations in LMP2A results in transient tyrosine phosphorylation of lyn, syk, phospholipase C gamma 2 and phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase, transiently increased intracellular free calcium, and reactivation of lytic EBV infection. These studies describe a novel molecular regulator of herpesvirus latency and focus attention on the importance of transmembrane signal transduction in herpes virus reactivation from latency. They support the working hypothesis that the identification of ligand-receptor interactions that can result in the induction of reactivation will provide an important inroad toward the delineation of the molecular mechanism, which govern herpesvirus reactivation from latency.

Amino Acid Sequence↗